1339:
1069:
880:
907:
691:
381:
772:
1042:
583:
242:
184:
1096:
1285:
502:
853:
745:
1231:
1015:
988:
961:
934:
556:
529:
1258:
1123:
718:
637:
475:
448:
664:
826:
1204:
799:
610:
1312:
1177:
1150:
33:
125:
To calculate the years of potential life lost, the analyst has to set an upper reference age. The reference age should correspond roughly to the life expectancy of the population under study. In the developed world, this is commonly set at age 75, but it is essentially arbitrary. Thus, PYLL should be
160:
For example, in most of the developed world, heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death, as measured by the number (or rate) of deaths. For this reason, heart disease and cancer tend to get a lot of attention (and research funding). However, one might argue that everyone has to die of
156:
In the developed world, mortality counts and rates tend to emphasise the most common causes of death in older people because the risk of death increases with age. Because YPLL gives more weight to deaths among younger people, it is the favoured metric among those who wish to draw attention to those
165:
death. When PYLL is used as an explicit measure of premature death, then injuries and infectious diseases, become more important. While the most common cause of death of young people aged 5 to 40 is injury and poisoning in the developed world, because relatively few young people die, the principal
132:
Briefly, for the individual method, each person's PYLL is calculated by subtracting the person's age at death from the reference age. If a person is older than the reference age when they die, that person's PYLL is set to zero (i.e., there are no "negative" PYLLs). In effect, only those who die
147:
To calculate the PYLL for a particular population in a particular year, the analyst sums the individual PYLLs for all individuals in that population who died in that year. This can be done for all-cause mortality or for cause-specific mortality.
157:
causes of death that are more common in younger people. Some researchers say that this measurement should be considered by governments when they decide how best to divide up scarce resources for research.
1366:
The report of the NSW Chief
Medical Officer in 2002 indicates that cardiovascular disease (32.7% (of total Males Years of Life Lost due to premature mortality) and 36.6% of females YLL) and
1607:
1401:(7.2/1,000) are the main causes of good years of expected life lost to disease or premature death. The dramatic difference is in the greater number of years of disability caused
48:. In particular, Examples, instead of using the YPLL as defined, show the value YPLL × 100000 or use different undefined terms such as 'Person Years Lost' or YLL.
113:, it is a method that gives more weight to deaths that occur among younger people. An alternative is to consider the effects of both disability and premature death using
194:
1828:
1588:
1771:
1615:
1797:
1557:
1510:"Years of life lost (YLL) from cancer is an important measure of population burden—and should be considered when allocating research funds"
1629:
224:
206:
73:
55:
273:
363:
A study suggests the global "mean loss of life expectancy" (LLE) from all forms of direct violence was about 0.3 years, while
1374:
114:
1423:
1848:
1483:
1428:
1714:
Lelieveld, Jos; Pozzer, Andrea; Pöschl, Ulrich; Fnais, Mohammed; Haines, Andy; Münzel, Thomas (1 September 2020).
1603:
51:
415:
Here is a table of YPLL for all causes (ages 0–69, per 100,000) with the most recent available data from the
1775:
105:
years a person would have lived if they had not died prematurely. It is, therefore, a measure of premature
1858:
1390:
1382:
167:
1863:
1804:
1716:"Loss of life expectancy from air pollution compared to other risk factors: a worldwide perspective"
1564:
161:
something eventually, and so public health efforts should be more explicitly directed at preventing
1394:
1020:
43:
1367:
1822:
1753:
1735:
1696:
1678:
1582:
1539:
1464:
1772:"Report of the NSW Chief Health Officer: Years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL)"
1743:
1727:
1686:
1670:
1529:
1521:
1456:
1447:
Gardner JW; Sanborn JS (1976). "Years of potential life lost (YPLL)—what does it measure?".
1418:
394:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
143:
Reference age = 75; Age at death = 80; PYLL = 0 (age at death greater than reference age)
1853:
1748:
1715:
1691:
1658:
1534:
1509:
1402:
777:
696:
110:
1460:
241:
1842:
1386:
588:
364:
1657:
Klein, Joshua; Prabhakaran, Kartik; Latifi, Rifat; Rhee, Peter (1 February 2022).
17:
1370:(27.5% of Males YLL and 31.2% of Females YLL) are the main causes of lost years
1344:
1101:
1047:
126:
written with respect to the reference age used in the calculation: e.g., PYLL.
1674:
1290:
129:
PYLL can be calculated using individual level data or using age grouped data.
1739:
1682:
1074:
507:
1757:
1700:
1543:
1525:
1731:
1508:
Burnet NG, Jefferies SJ, Benson RJ, Hunt DP, Treasure FP (January 2005).
1406:
1398:
858:
750:
133:
before the reference age are included in the calculation. Some examples:
1487:
1630:"Premature deaths from guns expose another toll of the firearms crisis"
1468:
1236:
993:
966:
939:
912:
831:
561:
534:
102:
1378:
1263:
1209:
1128:
885:
804:
723:
642:
615:
480:
453:
140:
Reference age = 75; Age at death = 6 months; PYLL = 75 − 0.5 = 74.5
1449:
Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology
1317:
1182:
1155:
669:
106:
326:
Person-years of potential life lost in the United States in 2018
279:
Person-years of potential life lost in the United States in 2006
416:
374:
236:
177:
26:
1659:"Firearms: the leading cause of years of potential life lost"
1652:
1650:
137:
Reference age = 75; Age at death = 60; PYLL = 75 − 60 = 15
1482:
193:
deal primarily with United States and do not represent a
253:
202:
174:
By main cause of death in the United States of
America
1484:"Calculating Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL)"
1612:Cancer Trends Progress Report, 2009/2010 Update
191:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
54:. There might be a discussion about this on
421:
209:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1747:
1690:
1533:
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
324:
277:
1439:
367:accounted for about 2.9 years in 2015.
1827:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1820:
1587:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1580:
7:
1663:Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open
339:(Use/Accessibility/... of) firearms
1593:Page 54 Retrieved 17 January 2009.
25:
1833:Retrieved=17 January 2009 Page 53
1337:
1310:
1283:
1256:
1229:
1202:
1175:
1148:
1121:
1094:
1067:
1040:
1013:
986:
959:
932:
905:
878:
851:
824:
797:
770:
743:
716:
689:
662:
635:
608:
581:
554:
527:
500:
473:
446:
379:
240:
182:
31:
1405:and neurological issues and by
274:List of causes of death by rate
1375:disability adjusted life years
115:disability adjusted life years
1:
1461:10.1016/s0300-9629(76)80148-x
1424:Disability-adjusted life year
308:Accidents and other injuries
166:causes of lost years remain
95:potential years of life lost
87:Years of potential life lost
1634:Georgia Public Broadcasting
1608:"Person-Years of Life Lost"
205:, discuss the issue on the
1880:
1429:Quality-adjusted life year
1335:
1308:
1281:
1254:
1227:
1200:
1173:
1146:
1119:
1092:
1065:
1038:
1011:
984:
957:
930:
903:
876:
849:
822:
795:
768:
741:
714:
687:
660:
633:
606:
579:
552:
525:
498:
471:
444:
271:
1787:Retrieved=17 January 2009
1675:10.1136/tsaco-2021-000766
1604:National Cancer Institute
388:This section needs to be
331:Cause of premature death
300:Heart disease and strokes
284:Cause of premature death
101:) is an estimate of the
1720:Cardiovascular Research
109:. As an alternative to
1526:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602321
1393:(15.7/1,000), chronic
1391:neurological disorders
1383:cardiovascular disease
168:cardiovascular disease
1389:issues (17.6/1,000),
347:Motor vehicle crashes
203:improve this section
44:confusing or unclear
1732:10.1093/cvr/cvaa025
1395:respiratory disease
1368:malignant neoplasms
327:
280:
52:clarify the article
334:Person-years lost
325:
287:Person-years lost
278:
252:. You can help by
18:Years of life lost
1849:Actuarial science
1726:(11): 1910–1917.
1359:
1358:
413:
412:
398:
397:Last update: 2009
361:
360:
323:
322:
270:
269:
235:
234:
227:
84:
83:
76:
16:(Redirected from
1871:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1803:. Archived from
1802:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1774:. Archived from
1768:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1618:on July 1, 2011.
1614:. Archived from
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1563:. Archived from
1562:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1486:. Archived from
1479:
1473:
1472:
1444:
1397:(9.4/1,000) and
1377:are considered,
1343:
1341:
1340:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1019:
1017:
1016:
992:
990:
989:
965:
963:
962:
938:
936:
935:
911:
909:
908:
884:
882:
881:
857:
855:
854:
830:
828:
827:
803:
801:
800:
776:
774:
773:
749:
747:
746:
722:
720:
719:
695:
693:
692:
668:
666:
665:
641:
639:
638:
614:
612:
611:
587:
585:
584:
560:
558:
557:
533:
531:
530:
506:
504:
503:
479:
477:
476:
452:
450:
449:
422:
408:
405:
399:
396:
383:
382:
375:
355:All other causes
328:
316:All other causes
281:
265:
262:
244:
237:
230:
223:
219:
216:
210:
186:
185:
178:
79:
72:
68:
65:
59:
35:
34:
27:
21:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1798:"Archived copy"
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1778:on 13 June 2007
1770:
1769:
1765:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1558:"Archived copy"
1556:
1555:
1551:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1490:on July 6, 2011
1481:
1480:
1476:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1419:Life-years lost
1415:
1364:
1338:
1336:
1311:
1309:
1284:
1282:
1257:
1255:
1230:
1228:
1203:
1201:
1176:
1174:
1149:
1147:
1122:
1120:
1095:
1093:
1068:
1066:
1041:
1039:
1014:
1012:
987:
985:
960:
958:
933:
931:
906:
904:
879:
877:
852:
850:
825:
823:
798:
796:
771:
769:
744:
742:
717:
715:
690:
688:
663:
661:
636:
634:
609:
607:
582:
580:
555:
553:
528:
526:
501:
499:
474:
472:
447:
445:
409:
403:
400:
395:
393:
384:
380:
373:
276:
266:
260:
257:
250:needs expansion
231:
220:
214:
211:
200:
187:
183:
176:
154:
123:
80:
69:
63:
60:
49:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1877:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1789:
1763:
1706:
1669:(1): e000766.
1646:
1621:
1595:
1549:
1500:
1474:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1403:mental illness
1385:(23.8/1,000),
1381:(25.1/1,000),
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
983:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
956:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
929:
925:
924:
921:
918:
915:
902:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
875:
871:
870:
867:
864:
861:
848:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
821:
817:
816:
813:
810:
807:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
778:United Kingdom
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
753:
740:
736:
735:
732:
729:
726:
713:
709:
708:
705:
702:
699:
697:Czech Republic
686:
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
659:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
632:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
605:
601:
600:
597:
594:
591:
578:
574:
573:
570:
567:
564:
551:
547:
546:
543:
540:
537:
524:
520:
519:
516:
513:
510:
497:
493:
492:
489:
486:
483:
470:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
411:
410:
387:
385:
378:
372:
369:
359:
358:
356:
352:
351:
348:
344:
343:
340:
336:
335:
332:
321:
320:
317:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
297:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
268:
267:
247:
245:
233:
232:
197:of the subject
195:worldwide view
190:
188:
181:
175:
172:
153:
150:
145:
144:
141:
138:
122:
119:
82:
81:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1876:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1859:Health policy
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1830:
1824:
1810:on 2009-01-21
1806:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1570:on 2009-01-21
1566:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Br. J. Cancer
1511:
1504:
1501:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:mental health
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
997:
995:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
968:
954:
953:
949:
946:
943:
941:
927:
926:
922:
919:
916:
914:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
887:
873:
872:
868:
865:
862:
860:
846:
845:
841:
838:
835:
833:
819:
818:
814:
811:
808:
806:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
779:
765:
764:
760:
757:
754:
752:
738:
737:
733:
730:
727:
725:
711:
710:
706:
703:
700:
698:
684:
683:
679:
676:
673:
671:
657:
656:
652:
649:
646:
644:
630:
629:
625:
622:
619:
617:
603:
602:
598:
595:
592:
590:
589:United States
576:
575:
571:
568:
565:
563:
549:
548:
544:
541:
538:
536:
522:
521:
517:
514:
511:
509:
495:
494:
490:
487:
484:
482:
468:
467:
463:
460:
457:
455:
441:
440:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
420:
418:
407:
391:
386:
377:
376:
370:
368:
366:
365:air pollution
357:
354:
353:
350:1.34 million
349:
346:
345:
342:1.42 million
341:
338:
337:
333:
330:
329:
319:13.6 million
318:
315:
314:
310:
307:
306:
302:
299:
298:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
282:
275:
264:
255:
251:
248:This section
246:
243:
239:
238:
229:
226:
218:
208:
204:
198:
196:
189:
180:
179:
173:
171:
169:
164:
158:
151:
149:
142:
139:
136:
135:
134:
130:
127:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
78:
75:
67:
57:
56:the talk page
53:
47:
45:
40:This article
38:
29:
28:
19:
1864:Epidemiology
1812:. Retrieved
1805:the original
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:the original
1766:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1666:
1662:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1616:the original
1611:
1598:
1572:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1552:
1520:(2): 241–5.
1517:
1513:
1503:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:the original
1477:
1455:(4): 323–6.
1452:
1448:
1442:
1372:
1365:
1342:
431:Female YPLL
414:
401:
389:
362:
311:5.9 million
303:8.8 million
295:8.6 million
258:
254:adding to it
249:
221:
212:
192:
170:and cancer.
162:
159:
155:
152:Significance
146:
131:
128:
124:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:
70:
61:
50:Please help
41:
1345:Switzerland
1102:South Korea
1048:Netherlands
121:Calculation
111:death rates
1843:Categories
1814:2009-01-17
1782:2009-01-17
1574:2009-01-17
1494:2008-05-13
1435:References
1291:Luxembourg
434:Male YPLL
371:By country
272:See also:
261:March 2022
215:March 2022
46:to readers
1740:0008-6363
1683:2397-5776
1362:Australia
1075:Australia
508:Lithuania
207:talk page
163:premature
107:mortality
1823:cite web
1758:32123898
1701:35141422
1639:16 March
1583:cite web
1544:15655548
1413:See also
1407:diabetes
1399:diabetes
859:Portugal
751:Slovenia
428:Country
404:May 2018
201:You may
64:May 2016
1749:7449554
1692:8819782
1535:2361853
1237:Iceland
1021:Ireland
994:Austria
967:Denmark
940:Finland
913:Belgium
832:Germany
562:Estonia
535:Hungary
390:updated
103:average
42:may be
1756:
1746:
1738:
1699:
1689:
1681:
1542:
1532:
1467:
1379:cancer
1315:
1288:
1264:Norway
1261:
1234:
1210:Sweden
1207:
1180:
1153:
1129:Israel
1126:
1099:
1072:
1045:
1018:
991:
964:
937:
910:
886:Canada
883:
856:
829:
805:France
802:
775:
748:
724:Greece
721:
694:
667:
643:Turkey
640:
616:Poland
613:
586:
559:
532:
505:
481:Mexico
478:
454:Latvia
451:
292:Cancer
1854:Death
1808:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1568:(PDF)
1561:(PDF)
1373:When
1355:2016
1328:2016
1318:Japan
1301:2016
1274:2016
1247:2017
1220:2016
1193:2015
1183:Italy
1166:2016
1156:Spain
1139:2016
1112:2016
1085:2016
1058:2016
1031:2015
1004:2017
977:2015
950:2016
923:2016
896:2015
869:2016
842:2016
815:2015
788:2016
761:2015
734:2016
707:2017
680:2016
670:Chile
653:2016
626:2016
599:2016
572:2016
545:2017
518:2017
515:12372
491:2016
488:11427
464:2015
461:13225
437:Date
425:Rank
93:) or
1829:link
1754:PMID
1736:ISSN
1697:PMID
1679:ISSN
1641:2022
1589:link
1540:PMID
1469:3312
1465:PMID
1352:3614
1349:2369
1325:4015
1322:2144
1298:3957
1295:2231
1271:3895
1268:2476
1244:4191
1241:2235
1217:3975
1214:2508
1190:4190
1187:2364
1163:4391
1160:2198
1136:4190
1133:2473
1109:4709
1106:2207
1082:4460
1079:2634
1055:4075
1052:3019
1028:4525
1025:2800
1001:4736
998:2606
974:4776
971:3075
947:5451
944:2558
920:5197
917:2963
893:5002
890:3197
866:5761
863:2607
839:5312
836:2972
812:5621
809:2775
785:5096
782:3292
758:5723
755:2630
731:5780
728:2776
704:6555
701:3083
677:6509
674:3660
650:7262
647:4131
623:9290
620:3729
596:8265
593:4862
569:9626
566:3863
542:9547
539:4589
512:4460
485:6120
458:4831
417:OECD
99:PYLL
91:YPLL
1744:PMC
1728:doi
1724:116
1687:PMC
1671:doi
1530:PMC
1522:doi
1457:doi
256:.
1845::
1825:}}
1821:{{
1752:.
1742:.
1734:.
1722:.
1718:.
1695:.
1685:.
1677:.
1665:.
1661:.
1649:^
1632:.
1610:.
1606:.
1585:}}
1581:{{
1538:.
1528:.
1518:92
1516:.
1512:.
1463:.
1453:53
1451:.
1409:.
1333:34
1306:33
1279:32
1252:31
1225:30
1198:29
1171:28
1144:27
1117:26
1090:25
1063:24
1036:23
1009:22
982:21
955:20
928:19
901:18
874:17
847:16
820:15
793:14
766:13
739:12
712:11
685:10
419::
117:.
1831:)
1817:.
1785:.
1760:.
1730::
1703:.
1673::
1667:7
1643:.
1591:)
1577:.
1546:.
1524::
1497:.
1471:.
1459::
658:9
631:8
604:7
577:6
550:5
523:4
496:3
469:2
442:1
406:)
402:(
392:.
263:)
259:(
228:)
222:(
217:)
213:(
199:.
97:(
89:(
77:)
71:(
66:)
62:(
58:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
