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in the fall of 1877, Yellow Bear attended the council with other Oglala headmen. When Indian scouts were used to surround Crazy Horse's village on
September 4, Yellow Bear was not present but he sent word that he agreed with the action. In the fall of 1877, he was selected as one of the Oglala
156:. By 1874, leadership of Yellow Bear's band appears to have passed to his younger brother, Black Hawk. At about this same time, another Oglala named Yellow Bear began to emerge among the Tapisleca, perhaps another "brother" (in the widest Lakota sense).
226:), a brother of Yellow Bear. Other sisters of Yellow Bear's wives married Yellow Hawk and Little Crow, both also members of the Shkokpaya. Another prominent member of the Shkokpaya was Pawnee Killer, though his relationship to Yellow Bear is not known.
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By
February 1877, Yellow Bear had been promoted to sergeant in Company B, Indian Scouts, and he was recognized as the primary headman or spokesman of the Tapisleca band at the Red Cloud Agency, indications of his growing influence. Photographer
168:. With the traditional avenues of a warrior no longer available, he is an example of how a new generation of leaders found success as an intermediary between the U.S. government and the Lakota people. Yellow Bear enlisted as a scout in General
141:, in 1870. By the following year, Colonel John E. Smith rated the size of this leader's village at about 40 lodges, one of the largest family groups within the Tapisleca Band. Yellow Bear was murdered in 1872 near
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Yellow Bear married his first wife, Wild Horse, about 1870. About four years later, he married his wife's younger sister, Holy Day. Together, the family bore eight children, four of whom grew to adulthood.
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As the Oglala settled on the Pine Ridge Agency after 1878, the family bands within the
Tapisleca established various communities. Yellow Bear's community, known as the Shkokpaya, settled just northwest of
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Yellow Bear continued to serve as a prominent Oglala leader at Pine Ridge, again traveling to
Washington, D.C., in 1888. He died September 1, 1913, near Allen, South Dakota.
354:
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William
Garnett Interviews, Ricker Papers, Nebraska State Historical Society. Published in: Donald F. Danker, "The Violent Deaths of Yellow Bear and John Richard Jr.,"
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The first Yellow Bear was a prominent headman among the
Tapisleca Tiyóšpaye (translated as the Spleen or Melt Band), one of the major divisions of the southern
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sent to
Washington, D.C., to meet with the president. "I want to know now which is the best way we can live for a long time," he told President
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included a portrait of Yellow Bear in his series of prominent Oglala portraits taken that summer or fall. During the excitement over
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Born about 1844 or 1845, Yellow Bear was one of several younger Oglala leaders who came into prominence among the Lakota during the
172:'s Indian Scouts in the fall of 1876 and he participated in the Powder River Expedition, fighting alongside the Army against the
222:. The 1890 Pine Ridge census lists the Shkokpaya with 22 families or 99 people. Among the band members listed was Imitates Dog (
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Crazy Horse's
Contemporaries: D. S. Mitchell's Native Portraits from the Red Cloud Agency, Nebraska, 1877
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152:, the majority of the Tapisleca gave up their buffalo hunting way of life and settled at the
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Voices of the
American West, Volume 1, The Indian Interviews of Eli S. Ricker, 1903-1919
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Register of
Enlistments, Indians Scouts, National Archives. Charles M. Robinson III,
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Annuity Rolls, 1914, Pine Ridge Agency Records, Kansas City Regional Archives.
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279:, vol. 2 (Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 2005) p. 155.
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during a fight with the controversial white trader John Richard Jr.
218:, within what later became known as the Pass Creek District of the
201:. "I have a band of my own and I have come down to work for them."
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As the Lakota reservations were being established following the
253:(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005) pp. 104-113.
305:(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1965)p. 243-248.
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Yellow Bear (seated, first on left) with group of Sioux
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314:Pine Ridge Agency Census, 1890, National Archives.
264:The Oglala People, 1841-1879: A Political History
137:. He accompanied the first Oglala delegation to
266:(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996)
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249:63 (1982):137-51; Richard E. Jensen (ed.),
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355:Native American people of the Indian Wars
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277:The Diaries of John Gregory Bourke
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303:Red Cloud and the Sioux Problem
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91:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
150:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
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166:Great Sioux War of 1876-77
160:Great Sioux War of 1876-77
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288:Ephriam D. Dickson III,
193:delegates together with
129:The first Yellow Bear
216:Allen, South Dakota
121:1844–1913), was an
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174:Northern Cheyenne
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178:Dull Knife Fight
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139:Washington, D.C.
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220:reservation
190:Crazy Horse
111:Yellow Bear
69:circa. 1844
20:Yellow Bear
334:Categories
292:(in prep.)
224:Sunka Onca
205:Later life
84:1913-09-01
195:Red Cloud
125:leader.
176:in the
115:Mato Ǧí
27:Mato Gi
52:leader
50:Oglala
233:Notes
199:Hayes
78:Died
66:Born
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