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390:. The song generally consists of a series of clear notes, but it acquires a muddy, warbled quality among populations native to southern Central America. Both sexes are known to sing, which appears to be common to orioles that breed in tropical climates. Vocalizations are generally delivered from perches high in trees.
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This species is usually found in regions that are less than 900 m (3,000 ft) in altitude, though in
Central and South America populations are often seen residing at elevations greater than 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The upper altitude limit for populations observed in the wild appears to
377:
Yellow-backed orioles have been observed to congregate in small flocks of up to eight individuals; these flocks are probably family units, as they are composed of individuals at varying stages of maturity. This species occasionally joins mixed-species flocks that include band-backed wrens, jays, and
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yellow and black plumage. The wings, tail, shoulders, throat, and face are all black; by contrast, the back and underparts are an extremely bright yellow. Adult females closely resemble males, but yellow parts appear slightly greenish. Despite differences in plumage coloration between sexes, it is
356:
The nests of this species are shallow, dangling baskets that are usually hung from the edge of a tree limb. Members of this species appear to prefer to attach nests to the tips of palm fronds. Nests are usually woven of fine grasses, giving them a springy texture (Wetmore
259:
Immature yellow-backed orioles resemble adult females in overall pattern, but are greener; additionally, the flight feathers, which are black in females, are dark brown. Immature yellow-backed orioles are easily distinguished from adult females by their olive eye-line.
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Yellow-backed orioles are able to tolerate a wide variety of habitats, but prefer open, mixed pine-oak woodlands and dry scrub forest. This species has also been sighted in banana plantations. It has occasionally colonized lowland deciduous forest.
243:
species. They average 21.5 cm (8.5 in) in length from beak to tail; making it a relatively medium-sized oriole species. Exposed skin and claws are bluish-black; in adults, the bill is black, with the base of the
406:
Yellow-backed orioles are insectivorous. Their diet consists primarily of caterpillars, wasps, ants, weevils, and other arthropods. This species' diet is often augmented with bananas and may also include nectar from
364:
The eggs of this species are whitish, with purple scrawlings that are concentrated near the broad end of the egg. The eggs are commonly marked with evenly distributed brown lines.
953:
992:
1072:
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Omland, K. E.; Lanyon, S. M.; Fritz, S. J. (1999). "A molecular phylogeny of the New World orioles (Icterus): the importance of dense taxon sampling".
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966:
509:
287:, is endemic to southern Central America, including Nicaragua, Panama, and Colombia. The northernmost populations comprise the subspecies
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The most commonly used call has been described as a “nasal ‘chert’”, but other calls include a “whistling chatter” and a “nasal alarm”.
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Yellow-backed orioles are found throughout
Central America and northern South America. In particular, the species is divided into three
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This species is often observed foraging in family units or in pairs. Insects are hunted by probing the bark of trees or the leaves of
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1984). Nests of this species are normally hung in the canopy of mature trees that are at least 7 m (23 ft) in height.
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588:"Song and plumage evolution in the New World orioles (Icterus) show similar lability and convergence in patterns"
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1005:
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The Birds of the
Republic of Panamá. Part 4: Passeriformes: Hirundinidae (Swallows) to Fringillidae (Finches)
1010:
839:
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295:; these subspecies are found in northern Central America and in southern Mexico. The species is found in
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This species has a clear, whistling voice, with a song resembling that of
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433:", puncturing the base of an unopened flower to gain access to nectar.
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Yellow-backed orioles are monogamous; like many species of the genus
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likely that this species is extremely difficult to sex in the field.
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702:. 7th edition. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D. C.
429:. While foraging for nectar, this species sometimes practices "
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The Birds of South
America. Volume 1: The Oscine Passerines
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A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and
Northern Central America
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Orioles, Blackbirds, & Their Kin: A Natural
History
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Price, J. J.; Friedman, N. R.; Omland, K. E. (2007).
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652:"Further Observations of Nectar Feeding by Orioles"
560:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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475:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22724084A136773855.en
770:at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
283:. One population, designated as the subspecies
353:, they breed once a year with a single mate.
8:
239:Yellow-backed orioles are a yellow-bodied,
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575:. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
388:Spot-breasted orioles (Icterus pectoralis)
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48:
29:
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540:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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536:Jaramillo, Alvaro; Burke, Peter (1999).
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339:be about 3,000 m (9,800 ft).
933:yellow-backed-oriole-icterus-chrysater
698:American Ornithologists' Union. 1998.
708:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
504:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7:
768:Yellow-backed oriole species account
639:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
556:Wetmore, A.; Pasquier, R.F. (1984).
1073:IUCN Red List least concern species
496:Howell, S. N. G.; Webb, S. (1995).
461:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
762:Yellow-backed oriole photo gallery
700:Check-list of North American Birds
538:New World Blackbirds: the Icterids
14:
605:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00082.x
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635:Ridgely, B.; Tudor, G. (1989).
450:BirdLife International (2020).
1088:Birds of the Yucatán Peninsula
265:South American yellow oriole (
1:
251:Adult males display strongly
764:at VIREO (Drexel University)
749:"Yellow-backed oriole media"
378:other medium-sized orioles.
263:Similar species include the
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468:: e.T22724084A136773855.
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70:Scientific classification
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754:Internet Bird Collection
275:Distribution and habitat
1128:Birds described in 1844
744:- Encyclopedia of Life
720:10.1006/mpev.1999.0611
373:Agonistic interactions
281:allopatric populations
248:becoming bluish-grey.
24:Yellow-backed oriole
742:Yellow-backed oriole
267:Icterus nigrogularis
241:sexually monomorphic
215:yellow-backed oriole
571:Skutch, A. (1996).
40:Conservation status
1123:Birds of Venezuela
1108:Birds of Nicaragua
1098:Birds of Guatemala
223:) is a species of
1118:Birds of Colombia
1103:Birds of Honduras
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1050:Icterus-chrysater
1032:Open Tree of Life
832:Icterus_chrysater
818:Icterus chrysater
788:Icterus chrysater
780:Taxon identifiers
650:Leck, C. (1974).
511:978-0-19-854013-7
454:Icterus chrysater
421:Feeding behaviors
220:Icterus chrysater
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179:Icterus chrysater
161:I. chrysater
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1006:Neotropical
941:iNaturalist
812:Wikispecies
481:12 November
397:Food habits
305:El Salvador
253:contrasting
235:Description
1067:Categories
1045:Xeno-canto
437:References
592:Evolution
427:epiphytes
414:Heliconia
329:Venezuela
321:Nicaragua
309:Guatemala
229:Icteridae
204:Range of
155:Species:
137:Icteridae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
985:22724084
959:11036146
907:45511905
845:22724084
840:BirdLife
803:Q1300815
797:Wikidata
728:10381325
622:13894527
614:17439617
368:Behavior
313:Honduras
301:Colombia
246:mandible
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1037:1077592
1011:yebori1
920:5229924
894:yebori1
868:yebori1
678:4084672
350:Icterus
189:, 1844)
148:Icterus
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
998:105510
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359:et al.
327:, and
325:Panama
317:Mexico
297:Belize
187:Lesson
1024:79108
954:IRMNG
889:eBird
881:6N68W
865:BOW:
858:66189
674:JSTOR
618:S2CID
409:balsa
993:NCBI
980:IUCN
967:ITIS
946:9351
915:GBIF
853:BOLD
724:PMID
610:PMID
506:ISBN
483:2021
466:2020
411:and
402:Diet
291:and
225:bird
213:The
117:Aves
928:IBC
902:EoL
876:CoL
827:ADW
716:doi
664:doi
656:Auk
600:doi
470:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
