314:
821:
42:
770:
643:
111:
232:
69:
845:
Three" (referring to the male bird's "hot" temper), along with the yellow-naped and blue-fronted. Yellow-headed amazons are known for being "one person birds" - bonding to one human, to whom they become fiercely loyal. It is possible, albeit difficult, to mitigate this behavior by ensuring that the bird receives regular and equal attention from other members of the household.
576:
1546:
844:
As in most amazons, nervous plucking of plumage is rare among this species. A generally recognized disadvantage of the yellow-headed amazon and its close relatives (such as the yellow-naped amazon) is hormonal aggressiveness, most notable among males in the breeding season. It is a member of the "Hot
828:
Though only captive-bred yellow-headed amazons may be owned, these are widely available (if somewhat expensive) and their personalities make them highly desirable pets; they have been kept as such for centuries because they are among the parrots that "talk" best. Their vocal abilities are generally
848:
Captive yellow-headed amazons are known for having a large appetite and an appreciation of a wide variety of foods. They are prone to obesity and nutritional deficiencies if the parrot's owner fails to provide adequate opportunities for play and exercise, and overindulges the parrot with treats and
789:
Appendix I, which regulates the international trade of the species including those bred in captivity through a permitting system. Populations range from
Central America, through Mexico, and even into the southmost region of Texas. There is an approved CITES Captive breeding program established for
567:
The yellow-headed amazon averages 38–43 centimetres (15–17 in) long. The shape is typical of amazons, with a robust build, rounded wings, and a square tail. The body is bright green, with yellow on the head, dark scallops on the neck, red at the bend of the wing, and yellow thighs. The flight
615:"Magna" (or "Magnum") is bred for more yellow and commands a premium price as a pet. Some "extreme" Magnas have as much yellow as Tres MarĂas birds, but are distinguished from them by heavier barring on the chest and a less bluish tint to the green plumage.
800:
efforts, which have nearly driven it to extinction in the wild. Their wild population has declined from 70,000 to 7,000 in the past two decades alone. An estimated 40-60% of poached yellow-headed amazons die before they are sold. The situation for
361:. This evaluation has, however, been confused by misunderstandings regarding the plumage variations in the populations in northern Honduras, where birds vary greatly in amount of yellow on the head, crown and nape, but have pale bills and a
289:. Measuring 38–43 centimetres (15–17 in) in length, it is a stocky short-tailed green parrot with a yellow head. It prefers to live in mangrove forests or forests near rivers or other bodies of water. It is sometimes considered a
790:
this species near
Canberra in Australia, located at Priam Psittaculture Centre. Providing a sustainable managed breeding program to assist elevating pressures on wild populations for use in avicultural, research and pets.
587:
subspecies. The eye ring is whitish in
Mexican birds and grayish in others. The most conspicuous geographical difference is the amount of yellow. In adults, the head and upper chest are yellow in the subspecies of the
558:
yellow-headed" is that this species is differentiated from the others in the yellow-headed amazon complex by possessing both the yellow nape and yellow crown of its two close relatives, hence a "double-yellow" head.
333:). This complex, which has been called "a taxonomic headache", is considered a single species by some authorities and split into three species by others. The split is mainly based on the amount of yellow in the
464:, which extends slightly into South America), a species of northern South America, and a species from the southern Amazon Basin. The Central American clade can potentially be split further, with
305:
and an excellent talker. Poaching for the international pet trade has driven the species to near-extinction in the wild; around half of all wild-caught birds are thought to die in the process.
702:. However, their numbers have been reduced drastically—by 90%, to 7,000, from the mid-1970s to 1994, and by 68% from 1994 to 2004—because of capture for the pet trade and habitat destruction.
572:
are blackish to bluish violet with a red patch on the outer secondaries. The base of the tail also has a red patch, which is usually hidden. The outer tail feathers have yellowish tips.
805:, which potentially can be treated as a separate species, is unclear, but its very small range gives cause for concern and some reports indicate it is under considerable threat.
2047:
1088:
Phylogeny and biogeography of yellow-headed and blue-fronted parrots (Amazona ochrocephala and
Amazona aestiva) with special reference to the South American taxa.
2112:
2240:
618:
Wild birds give low-pitched, sometimes human-sounding screams, but often fly silently (unlike many other parrots). The calls can be described as "a rolled
2205:
670:. It occurs singly or in pairs, in small groups, and occasionally in big flocks. The range formerly included both coastal slopes of Mexico from the
2011:
1578:
2060:
2250:
1133:
812:
in order to pass them off for sale as (more expensive) yellow-headed amazons. This cruel treatment is often fatal for the birds involved.
713:, where a recent population of over 50 individuals resides. Smaller introduced populations are to be found in coastal neighborhoods of
837:. Yellow-headed amazons in captivity appear to have an affinity for both singing and the learning of song - and a naturally powerful,
313:
853:
recommends that yellow-headed amazons be kept in an enclosure with a minimum length of 3 metres at a temperature no lower than 10°C.
1397:
1145:
1113:
977:
608:, which thus resembles the yellow-naped parrot). Immatures have less yellow than adults; they attain adult plumage in 2 to 4 years.
2225:
1455:
2235:
73:
1998:
820:
2065:
1355:
1230:
543:
and commonly is included in that subspecies, may represent an undescribed subspecies. It has sometimes been referred to as
2099:
1805:
1571:
1473:
2117:
1550:
738:
1330:
1617:
457:
110:
41:
2220:
2215:
2125:
1743:
1075:
A molecular phylogeny of
Amazona: implications for Neotropical parrot biogeography, taxonomy, and conservation.
808:
Unscrupulous bird traders may sometimes bleach or dye the feathers of more common parrot species, such as the
769:
2210:
1564:
722:
2245:
2230:
2130:
1949:
1876:
1859:
746:
671:
548:
496:
1265:
698:
including most of Belize, and another comprising a small part of northeastern
Guatemala and northwestern
1768:
1763:
1731:
1627:
742:
714:
695:
667:
294:
205:
1719:
901:
477:
642:
1941:
1923:
1914:
1790:
1662:
1642:
1637:
1494:
809:
750:
718:
589:
535:
of Mexico. In contrast, the population in northwestern
Honduras and adjacent eastern Guatemala (near
394:
1748:
1726:
1694:
1657:
1632:
834:
754:
362:
326:
58:
2091:
1049:
Amazona auropalliata caribaea: A new subspecies of parrot from the Bay
Islands, northern Honduras.
1036:
Amazona oratrix hondurensis: A new subspecies of parrot from the Sula Valley of northern
Honduras.
1849:
1836:
1795:
1753:
1684:
1652:
850:
778:
449:
275:
239:
105:
50:
2026:
1775:
1218:
527:
of Mexico, but today most authorities consider it invalid, instead including this population in
2052:
1023:
Distribution, variation, and conservation of Yellow-headed
Parrots in northern Central America.
405:
may occur between the two. If confirmed, this could suggest that the two are better considered
2151:
2078:
1972:
1820:
1815:
1785:
1704:
1699:
1622:
1393:
1312:
1129:
1109:
973:
726:
1709:
1667:
1519:
1389:
1382:
1302:
1292:
1009:
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, no. 34. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
896:
346:
1954:
2156:
2138:
1853:
1780:
1679:
1672:
1413:
651:
286:
878:
1928:
1689:
1612:
1459:
1307:
1284:
966:
536:
524:
221:
757:. In addition, introduced –and apparently breeding– populations have been reported in
2199:
2073:
1736:
1587:
887:
683:
532:
469:
278:
182:
78:
1427:
1007:
Geographic variation in Middle American parrots of the Amazona ochrocephala complex.
17:
1758:
1647:
1062:
Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Amazona ochrocephala (Aves: Psittacidae) Complex.
441:
231:
2003:
1977:
1556:
2182:
2169:
1964:
1441:
1359:
2104:
2086:
2034:
1908:
1241:
830:
758:
406:
378:
172:
634:," etc. Young birds make a "clucking" sound to indicate that they are hungry.
2177:
730:
516:
426:
290:
1899:
1171:
1219:
Belizean pine forests. ed. M. McGinley. Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC
706:
663:
575:
481:
440:
The members of this complex are known to hybridize in captivity, and recent
402:
122:
1316:
1285:"From the cage to the wild: introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico"
923:
1545:
1477:
2143:
1893:
797:
791:
734:
699:
659:
512:
358:
142:
1205:
A commercial site. Shows many photographs comparing "extreme Magna" to
1183:
A commercial site. Shows many photographs including captive-bred young.
1086:
Ribas, C. C., Tavares, E. S., Yoshihara, C., & Miyaki C. Y. (2007).
2016:
1936:
1604:
1297:
710:
691:
687:
675:
569:
334:
2039:
679:
655:
584:
504:
453:
282:
162:
132:
1870:
994:
A distributional survey of the birds of the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
317:
Tres MarĂas amazon at Cougar Mountain Zoological Park, United States
1990:
1193:
796:
The popularity of yellow-headed amazons as a pet continues to fuel
2164:
1985:
1591:
838:
819:
786:
768:
641:
612:
574:
312:
95:
89:
782:
152:
1874:
1560:
654:
and areas with scattered trees, as well as evergreen forest in
872:
870:
868:
866:
445:
432:. Both are relatively small and have red on the shoulder like
302:
1456:"Feathered Family Inc. - Parrot Rescue and Adoption, Erie CO"
401:, may have a relatively pale lower mandible, indicating that
583:
The bill is horn-colored (gray), darker in immatures of the
1384:
Birds Off the Perch: Therapy and Training for Your Pet Bird
968:
A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America
604:); and the crown and nape in the Sula Valley of Honduras (
523:, has sometimes been recognized for the population on the
596:); just the head in the widespread subspecies of Mexico (
381:
in northern Honduras was described as a new subspecies,
448:
did not support the split into the three "traditional"
397:, which is relatively close to the recently described
1077:
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30(2): 421-437
460:: a Mexican and Central American species (including
1883:
1829:
1804:
1603:
1380:Larry Lachman; Diane Grindol; Frank Kocher (2003).
337:, the color of the legs and bill, the proximity of
1474:"New Hope Animal Hospital - bird medical symptoms"
1381:
1217:C. Michael Hogan & World Wildlife Fund. 2012.
965:
902:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22686337A179331301.en
1126:The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World.
1283:FalcĂłn, Wilfredo; Tremblay, Raymond L. (2018).
1017:
1015:
1444:. Animal and Pet Adventures. 24 November 2022.
1100:
1098:
1096:
456:, which potentially could be split into three
1572:
8:
833:and matched by similar species, such as the
409:. Alternatively, it has been suggested that
1266:"Stuttgart Amazon Parrots - City Parrots -"
666:. A notable ecoregion of occurrence is the
1871:
1579:
1565:
1557:
1489:
1487:
417:, both typically considered subspecies of
230:
67:
40:
31:
1306:
1296:
1073:Russello, M. A., & Amato, G. (2004).
1060:Eberhard, J., & E. Bermingham. 2004.
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
900:
1520:"YELLOW-HEADED AMAZON (Amazona oratrix)"
1005:Monroe, B., JR., & T. Howell. 1966.
964:Steve N. G. Howell; Sophie Webb (1995).
1240:. Defenders of Wildlife. Archived from
862:
777:The yellow-headed amazon is considered
705:Introduced populations can be found in
1358:. Hogle Zoo. 2002–2006. Archived from
792:https://cites.org/eng/common/reg/cb/AU
7:
1495:"Double Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot"
1172:"Double Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot"
1106:A Guide to the Parrots of the World.
1034:Lousada, S., & S. Howell. 1997.
1021:Lousada, S., & S. Howell. 1996.
487:According to the traditional split,
345:in Oaxaca, Mexico, without apparent
2241:Species endangered by the pet trade
1331:"Bleaching and Painting of Parrots"
888:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
377:. In 1997, the population from the
1458:. 12 February 2008. Archived from
1104:Juniper, T., & M. Parr. 1998.
554:The origin of the common epithet "
511:(from the Sula Valley in northern
25:
325:complex, which also includes the
2206:IUCN Red List endangered species
1544:
551:, the name remains provisional.
109:
1152:. BirdLife International (2008)
877:BirdLife International (2020).
547:, but until this population is
1388:. Simon and Schuster. p.
1:
1476:. 8 June 2008. Archived from
1356:"Yellow-headed Amazon Parrot"
600:); just the crown in Belize (
2251:Taxa named by Robert Ridgway
1428:"The Amazing Amazon Parrots"
519:. An additional subspecies,
321:This species is part of the
248:Amazona ochrocephala oratrix
996:Orn. Monographs. 43: 1-418.
972:. Oxford University Press.
531:, which also occurs on the
349:, and the presence of both
272:double yellow-headed amazon
27:Subspecies of Amazon Parrot
2267:
1845:
1618:Vinaceous-breasted amazon
1108:Pica Press, East Sussex.
895:: e.T22686337A179331301.
741:; they are also found in
245:
238:
229:
211:
204:
106:Scientific classification
104:
87:
65:
56:
48:
39:
34:
1744:Yellow-shouldered amazon
1196:. The Feather Tree. 2003
638:Distribution and habitat
391:A. auropalliata caribaea
2236:Birds described in 1887
1231:"Yellow-headed Parrot (
1051:Bull. BOC 109: 232-235.
1038:Bull. BOC 117: 203-223.
452:, but did reveal three
1860:List of amazon parrots
1442:"Amazon Parrot Update"
825:
785:, and is listed under
774:
650:This species lives in
647:
580:
436:, but unlike nominate
399:A. oratrix hondurensis
318:
2226:Fauna of Islas MarĂas
1769:Southern mealy amazon
1764:Northern mealy amazon
1732:Yellow-crowned amazon
1628:Red-spectacled amazon
1194:"Where are they now?"
823:
772:
715:San Diego, California
668:Belizean pine forests
645:
578:
541:A. oratrix belizensis
425:than they are to the
316:
295:yellow-crowned amazon
266:), also known as the
35:Yellow-headed amazon
2027:yellow-headed-parrot
1791:Orange-winged amazon
1715:Yellow-headed amazon
1663:Lilac-crowned amazon
1643:Yellow-billed amazon
1638:White-fronted amazon
1553:at Wikimedia Commons
1522:. World Parrot Trust
1462:on 12 February 2008.
1174:. Aves International
1146:"Species factsheet:
924:"Appendices | CITES"
810:white-fronted amazon
549:officially described
480:) recognized as two
458:phylogenetic species
323:Amazona ochrocephala
299:Amazona ochrocephala
268:yellow-headed parrot
258:yellow-headed amazon
18:Yellow-headed parrot
1850:Neotropical parrots
1749:Blue-fronted amazon
1727:Yellow-naped amazon
1695:Blue-cheeked amazon
1658:Puerto Rican amazon
1633:Black-billed amazon
1416:. lafebercares.com.
1414:"The Amazon Parrot"
1124:Clements, J. 2007.
1064:Auk 121(2): 318-332
835:yellow-naped parrot
829:bested only by the
765:Conservation status
755:Southern California
672:Tres MarĂas Islands
590:Tres MarĂas Islands
539:), which resembles
497:Tres MarĂas Islands
421:, may be closer to
327:yellow-naped amazon
301:). It is a popular
59:Conservation status
1837:Blue-winged amazon
1796:St. Vincent amazon
1754:Scaly-naped amazon
1720:Tres MarĂas amazon
1685:Red-crowned amazon
1653:Hispaniolan amazon
1430:. The Parrot Post.
1298:10.7717/peerj.5669
1291:. 6:e5669: e5669.
1128:Christopher Helm.
1047:Lousada, S. 1989.
992:Binford, L. 1989.
851:World Parrot Trust
849:table scraps. The
826:
775:
648:
581:
491:includes the taxa
478:Tres MarĂas amazon
450:biological species
319:
51:Vancouver Aquarium
2193:
2192:
2152:Open Tree of Life
1877:Taxon identifiers
1868:
1867:
1821:Martinique amazon
1816:Guadeloupe amazon
1786:Red-tailed amazon
1705:Red-necked amazon
1700:Red-browed amazon
1549:Media related to
1134:978-0-7136-8695-1
1090:Ibis 149: 564-574
1025:Cotinga 5: 46-53.
690:and southwestern
626:, a deep, rolled
395:Islas de la BahĂa
365:plumage matching
254:
253:
99:
82:
16:(Redirected from
2258:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2105:NHMSYS0020789142
2095:
2094:
2082:
2081:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2055:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2007:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1944:
1942:C18AAFA8B64AE534
1932:
1931:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1872:
1830:Disputed species
1710:St. Lucia amazon
1668:Red-lored amazon
1581:
1574:
1567:
1558:
1548:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:on June 15, 2006
1246:
1239:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1142:
1136:
1122:
1116:
1102:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1003:
997:
990:
984:
983:
971:
961:
938:
937:
935:
934:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
904:
874:
438:A. auropalliata.
234:
217:
114:
113:
93:
76:
71:
70:
44:
32:
21:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2221:Birds of Mexico
2216:Birds of Belize
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2183:Amazona-oratrix
2181:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2139:Observation.org
2137:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2085:
2077:
2072:
2064:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1929:Amazona_oratrix
1927:
1922:
1915:Amazona oratrix
1913:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1885:Amazona oratrix
1879:
1869:
1864:
1841:
1825:
1808:extinct species
1807:
1800:
1781:Imperial amazon
1776:Kawall's amazon
1680:Diademed amazon
1673:Lilacine amazon
1599:
1585:
1551:Amazona oratrix
1541:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1499:Lafeber Company
1493:
1492:
1485:
1480:on 8 June 2008.
1472:
1471:
1467:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1270:cityparrots.org
1264:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1233:Amazona oratrix
1229:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1148:Amazona oratrix
1144:
1143:
1139:
1123:
1119:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1042:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1013:
1004:
1000:
991:
987:
980:
963:
962:
941:
932:
930:
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
881:Amazona oratrix
876:
875:
864:
859:
818:
767:
694:, as well as a
652:riparian forest
640:
565:
430:A. auropalliata
419:A. auropalliata
375:A. auropalliata
371:A. ochrocephala
355:A. auropalliata
351:A. ochrocephala
343:A. auropalliata
331:A. auropalliata
311:
287:Central America
263:Amazona oratrix
225:
219:
215:Amazona oratrix
213:
200:
197:A. oratrix
108:
100:
83:
72:
68:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2211:Amazon parrots
2208:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2122:
2109:
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1759:Mealy amazon
1714:
1648:Cuban amazon
1595:
1524:. Retrieved
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1478:the original
1468:
1460:the original
1450:
1436:
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1375:
1364:. Retrieved
1360:the original
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1335:City Parrots
1334:
1325:
1288:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1249:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1232:
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1213:
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1188:
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1166:
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931:. Retrieved
927:
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892:
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843:
827:
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795:
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717:, including
704:
686:to northern
649:
631:
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623:
620:kyaa-aa-aaah
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582:
579:8 weeks old.
566:
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492:
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486:
473:
465:
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444:analysis of
442:phylogenetic
437:
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374:
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357:in northern
354:
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214:
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196:
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183:
29:
2126:Neotropical
2087:NatureServe
2035:iNaturalist
1909:Wikispecies
908:12 November
831:grey parrot
759:Puerto Rico
723:Ocean Beach
606:hondurensis
563:Description
509:hondurensis
407:conspecific
383:hondurensis
379:Sula Valley
173:Psittacidae
2200:Categories
2178:Xeno-canto
1366:2006-08-23
1251:2006-08-23
1207:tresmariae
1200:2006-08-23
1178:2006-08-23
933:2022-01-14
857:References
824:Pet parrot
803:tresmariae
779:endangered
773:Upper body
747:Loma Linda
731:Point Loma
684:Nuevo LeĂłn
602:belizensis
594:tresmariae
525:Gulf slope
517:subspecies
501:belizensis
495:(from the
493:tresmariae
489:A. oratrix
474:tresmariae
466:panamensis
462:panamensis
434:A. oratrix
423:A. oratrix
387:A. oratrix
367:A. oratrix
339:A. oratrix
291:subspecies
276:endangered
92:Appendix I
74:Endangered
1156:12 August
928:cites.org
743:Santa Ana
707:Stuttgart
682:and from
664:Guatemala
660:mangroves
646:In Belize
484:species.
482:monotypic
403:gene flow
191:Species:
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
2165:Species+
2092:2.103969
2079:22686337
2053:10859999
1955:22686337
1950:BirdLife
1894:Wikidata
1856:: Arini)
1526:14 April
1504:14 April
1340:14 April
1317:30397538
839:operatic
798:poaching
751:Pasadena
735:La Jolla
719:Coronado
700:Honduras
632:ahrhrrrr
585:Belizean
570:feathers
513:Honduras
427:nominate
415:parvipes
411:caribaea
363:juvenile
359:Honduras
309:Taxonomy
274:, is an
240:Synonyms
169:Family:
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
2017:2479646
1937:Avibase
1900:Q613939
1605:Species
1596:Amazona
1308:6214232
841:voice.
816:As pets
781:by the
711:Germany
692:Tabasco
688:Chiapas
676:Jalisco
613:variety
598:oratrix
529:oratrix
393:on the
335:plumage
293:of the
222:Ridgway
184:Amazona
179:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
94: (
77: (
2131:yehpar
2118:152276
2066:554926
2024:GNAB:
1999:EURING
1991:yehpar
1965:yehpar
1396:
1315:
1305:
1132:
1112:
976:
737:, and
680:Oaxaca
656:Belize
628:ahrrrr
556:double
507:) and
505:Belize
503:(from
472:) and
454:clades
283:Mexico
224:, 1887
2170:11033
2144:71657
2048:IRMNG
2040:18998
2004:26690
1986:eBird
1962:BOW:
1854:tribe
1592:genus
1289:PeerJ
1245:(PDF)
1238:(PDF)
787:CITES
521:magna
515:) as
476:(the
468:(the
385:, of
96:CITES
90:CITES
2157:1119
2113:NCBI
2074:IUCN
2061:ITIS
2012:GBIF
1978:CKF3
1528:2021
1506:2021
1394:ISBN
1342:2021
1313:PMID
1158:2008
1130:ISBN
1110:ISBN
974:ISBN
910:2021
893:2020
783:IUCN
749:and
674:and
658:and
622:and
611:The
413:and
373:nor
353:and
341:and
270:and
256:The
153:Aves
2100:NBN
1973:CoL
1924:ADW
1303:PMC
1293:doi
897:doi
678:to
662:in
630:or
499:),
446:DNA
303:pet
281:of
49:At
2202::
2180::
2167::
2154::
2141::
2128::
2115::
2102::
2089::
2076::
2063::
2050::
2037::
2014::
2001::
1988::
1975::
1952::
1939::
1926::
1911::
1896::
1594::
1497:.
1486:^
1392:.
1333:.
1311:.
1301:.
1287:.
1268:.
1235:)"
1095:^
1014:^
942:^
926:.
891:.
885:.
865:^
761:.
745:,
733:,
729:,
725:,
721:,
709:,
389:.
1852:(
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1590:(
1580:e
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1566:v
1530:.
1508:.
1402:.
1390:7
1369:.
1344:.
1319:.
1295::
1272:.
1254:.
1203:.
1181:.
1160:.
1150:"
982:.
936:.
912:.
899::
883:"
879:"
592:(
329:(
297:(
260:(
98:)
81:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
