42:
1913:
696:"The SiameÅŋes have alÅŋo Åŋome Religious Shows. When the Waters begin to retreat, the People returns them Thanks for Åŋeveral Nights together with a great Illumination; not only for that they are retired, but for the Fertility which they render to the Lands. The whole River is then Åŋeen cover'd with floating Lanthorns which paÅŋs with it. There are of different Sizes, according to the Devotion of every particular PerÅŋon; the variouÅŋly painted Paper, whereof they are made, augments the agreeable effect of Åŋo many lights. Moreover, to thank the Earth for the HarveÅŋt, they do on the firÅŋt days of their Year make another magnificent Illumination. The firÅŋt time we arriv'd at
993:
1005:
465:
1017:
1098:
762:
1086:
421:. A bread krathong will disintegrate after a few days and can be eaten by fish. Banana stalk krathongs are also biodegradable, but Styrofoam krathongs are increasingly banned, as they pollute rivers and oceans. A krathong is decorated with elaborately-folded banana leaves, three incense sticks, and a candle. A small coin is sometimes included as an offering to the river spirits. On the night of the full moon, Thais launch their krathong on a river, canal, or a pond, making a wish as they do so. The floats are thought to have been introduced to
1074:
1062:
391:
1038:
1026:
1050:
606:
383:
841:), literally: 'floating lanterns', are launched into the air. Khom loi are made from a thin fabric, such as rice paper, stretched over a bamboo or wire frame, to which a candle or fuel cell is attached. When the fuel cell is lit, the resulting hot air is trapped inside the lantern and creates enough lift for the khom loi to float into the sky. During the festival, some people also decorate their houses, gardens, and temples with
1127:
642:. The candle venerates the Buddha with light, while the krathong's floating away symbolises letting go of all one's hatred, anger, and defilements. People sometimes cut their fingernails or hair and place the clippings on the krathong as a symbol of letting go of past transgressions and negative thoughts. Many Thais use the krathong to thank the Goddess of Water, the
701:
Niches all round, in every of which burnt a Lamp. The
Windows and Doors were likewiÅŋe all adorn'd with Åŋeveral Fires, and Åŋeveral great and Åŋmall Lanthorns, of different Figures, garniÅŋhed with Paper, or Canvas, and differently painted, were hung up with an agreeable Symmetry on the Branches of Trees, or on PoÅŋts."â Simon de la LoubÃĻre.
733:) and she reputedly was the first to float a decorated raft. However, this tale may have been invented in the early-19th century. There is no evidence that a Nang Nopphamat ever existed. Instead, it is a fact that a woman of this name was the leading character of a novel released at the end of the reign of
700:
was in the Night, and at the time of this
Illumination; and we Åŋaw the Walls of the City adorned with lighted Lanthorns at equal diÅŋtances; but the inÅŋide of the Palace was much more pleaÅŋant to behold. In the Walls which do make the IncloÅŋures of the Courts, there were contrived three rows of Åŋmall
941:
on 3â4 November 2017. Another 79 flights were rescheduled. Despite those measures, the remains of more than 100 lanterns were later found on airport premises. In
Bangkok, the public are prohibited from using fireworks and sky lanterns entirely. Violators may face three years imprisonment and/or a
936:
are a hazard to passing aircraft and "...can cause damage to important places in the areas such as the Grand Palace , temples and governmental offices,..." khom loi are increasingly subject to governmental restrictions. In Chiang Mai, authorities cancelled 78 flights in and out of
897:, the ancient capital of the former Lanna kingdom, where now both Loy Krathong and Yi Peng are celebrated at the same time resulting in lights floating on the waters, lights hanging from trees/buildings or standing on walls, and lights floating in the sky. The tradition of
523:. Loy Krathong festivities are usually celebrated during the period which corresponds to Kartik Purnima. Odisha being part of the ancient Kalinga which had strong maritime trade relations with Southeast Asia, the similarities in all these festivals may not be coincidental.
1889:
Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014), âLayers of
Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Taiâ, in MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, volume 20 (special issue), Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University, ISSN 0859-9920, pages
714:. Since the country became peaceful after getting involved with many wars, King Rama III ordered the palace officers and people to revive and promote the important festivals of the kingdom, such as Loy Krathong. According to legend written on the poem, Nang Nopphamat (
692:. Loy Krathong festival was mentioned in his book in the sixth chapter of part two called Concerning the Shows, and other DiverÅŋion of the SiameÅŋes: Religious Shows: An Illumination on the Waters, and another on the Land, and in the Palace.
1110:
980:
In 2018, after the festivities, Bangkok city workers cleared 841,327 krathongs, up from 3.6 percent in 2017, from the Chao Phraya River, local canals, and 30 public parks; 5.3 percent of them were made from styrofoam.
946:. One hundred-ninety piers on the Chao Phraya River will be open to the public to float their krathongs. In 2018, up to 158 flights were cancelled or rescheduled at three airports, and in Bangkok 88 piers were closed.
425:
in 1947 and have since been incorporated into Thai culture. Government offices, corporations, and other organizations launch large decorated krathongs. There are competitions for the best of these large krathongs.
41:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1116:
1964:âkantongâ in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency â Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
1483:
1114:
1603:
p.32:- "Another of festival, which seems Hindu in its underlying idea, is Loi-Krathong, the
Festival of Lights. Loi Krathong seems to be similar with Odisha's Boita purnima festival."
1435:
2284:
Suttinee
Yavaprapas; Chaleo Manilerd; Thailand. KrasÅŦang Watthanatham. External Relations Division; Thailand. KrasÅŦang Watthanatham. Office of the Permanent Secretary (2004).
2419:
1025:
917:(BMA) cleaned six tonnes of rubbish from the city's waterways on the day after Loy Krathong. The city governor said that 661,935 floats were collected from waterways across
992:
1085:
1576:. "Festival floats during the popular Loy Krathong, which is Kalinga(Odisha) Hindu in origin. On this occasion people rejoice in the Mother water's gifts to them."
551:) has various meanings, one of which is 'a small vessel made of leaves which can be floated on water during the Loy Krathong festival.' Moreover, according to the
1802:
Wei, L. (2010). Chinese festivals: traditions customs and rituals . Beijing: China
International Press, p. 51. (Call no.: R 394.26951 WEI-); Latsch, M-L. (1985).
2278:
2118:
1838:
1004:
2429:
1073:
1061:
829:
249:
1037:
1246:
1113:
622:
by a court lady named
Nopphamat. However, it is now known that the Nopphamat tale comes from a poem written in the early-Bangkok period. According to
405:
is traditionally a small floating container fashioned of leaves which is made to hold a small portion of goods like a traditional Thai dish (such as
1453:
2404:
2273:
301:
93:
2193:
1812:
2373:
2327:
2295:
1669:
1640:
1626:
1479:
1372:
1097:
1319:
925:
floats. There were 163,679 fewer krathong collected than in 2015. The city mobilized 210 workers and 45 boats to collect floats from the
914:
499:
in the 12th century, depicts scenes of Loy
Krathong. A bas relief on the upper level depicts a queen residing on the boat to float the
308:
or buoyant, decorated baskets, which are then floated on a river. Many Thais use the krathong to thank the
Goddess of Water and River,
1760:
2219:
1049:
1597:
1566:
1510:
1405:
2090:
331:, thus the exact date of the festival changes every year. In the Western calendar this usually falls in the month of November. In
2166:
1016:
2045:
2011:
1974:
1251:
710:
The beauty contests that accompany the festival are known as "Nopphamat Queen Contests" has been promoted since the reign of
464:
1864:
1297:
445:
as Hindus were known to celebrate the Diwali festival to worship the divine trinity and those Hindus who were converted to
409:) or dessert. The traditional krathong used for floating at the festival are made from a slice of a banana tree trunk or a
2409:
2069:
1315:
2139:
2414:
681:
386:
A hand-made krathong, made from banana tree trunk and banana leaves, held together with pins, and decorated with flowers
342:, the festival is known as Loi Krathong. Outside Thailand, this festival is celebrated under different names, including
2424:
1529:
1143:
761:
1786:
969:, more than 100 students and teachers from the Institute of Physical Education helped municipal workers clean up the
921:. Of these, 617,901 (93.7 percent) were made of decomposible natural materials, while 44,034 were non-biodegradable
519:
which is observed on the Kartik Purnima or full moon day of Kartik month (which corresponds to OctoberâNovember) in
2399:
2245:
547:
273:
2122:
1842:
552:
1365:
Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
804:
refers to the full moon day in the second month according to the Lanna lunar calendar (the twelfth month of the
1256:
974:
965:
cleared at least 20,000 krathong from the town's moat. There, Styrofoam krathong will be banned in 2017. In
962:
390:
304:). The name could be translated as "to float ritual vessel or lamp," and comes from the tradition of making
737:, around 1850 CE. Her character was written as guidance for all women who wished to become civil servants.
2095:[Info about Lanna's Yi Peng] (in Thai). Chiang Rai Provincial Culture Office. 2004. Archived from
889:), which are placed at temples and which revolve due to the heat of the candle inside. The most elaborate
669:
576:
1457:
1660:
Yavaprapas S. and Manilerd C, Bureau of International Cooperation Ministry of Culture Thailand. (2004).
1156:
1126:
347:
197:
103:
1709:
1171:â Odia autumn festival when people float miniature boats with lighted lamps (diyas) on the rivers/sea.
1816:
684:
mission"). Upon his return, La LoubÃĻre wrote a description of his travels, as had been requested by
631:
1162:
805:
605:
328:
269:
204:
503:
in the river whereas six other royal concubines are depicted below, some of which are holding the
1736:"āļŠāļļāļāļīāļāļāđ āļ§āļāļĐāđāđāļāļĻ : 'āļĨāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ' āļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļąāđāļāđāļĢāļāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒ āļĢ.3 āļŠāļĢāļ°āļāđāļģāđāļāđāļĄāļ·āļāļāđāļāđāļēāļŠāļļāđāļāļāļąāļĒ āđāļĄāđāļāļļāļāđāļ§āđāļĨāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ"
938:
697:
584:
289:
1186:
537:
2369:
2363:
2323:
2291:
2041:
2007:
2001:
1665:
1643:
1636:
1622:
1593:
1569:
1562:
1506:
1401:
1368:
1360:
1311:
950:
926:
723:
650:
646:
619:
327:
Loy Krathong takes place on the evening of the full moon of the 12th month in the traditional
309:
2313:
1498:
1356:
1165:- Chinese autumn lantern festival where the water lantern or lamp has been used for floating
809:
363:
133:
1764:
1180:
746:
382:
324:
hair pagoda in heaven in Buddhist beliefs. This festival traces its origin back to India.
76:
2194:"Police and City Hall say no fireworks, firecrackers or sky lanterns on Loy Krathong Day"
2096:
1735:
726:
639:
635:
512:
496:
427:
1682:
1287:
722:; alternatively spelled as "Noppamas" or "Nopamas") was a consort of the 13th century
2393:
1334:
1168:
1148:
954:
882:
870:
858:
846:
820:
785:
734:
715:
654:
520:
516:
313:
264:
240:
225:
2171:
1633:
Sacred Waters : A Cross-Cultural Compendium of Hallowed Springs and Holy Wells
1421:
1199:
511:, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. Similarities can be observed with
488:
469:
454:
1978:
953:
province, 50 workers collected krathong from the moat in the town centre near the
2345:
2285:
1395:
1939:
1868:
933:
816:
593:
560:
507:
and dedicating at the riverbank in a similar tradition practiced in present-day
410:
371:
211:
123:
2319:
970:
894:
770:
730:
571:
565:
422:
395:
332:
321:
281:
85:
2003:
Distant Lands and Diverse Cultures: The French Experience in Asia, 1600-1700
1194:
943:
922:
685:
515:
celebrated in the eastern state of Odisha in India. This festival is called
458:
418:
351:
335:, the festival lasts three days, and in 2024, the dates are 15-16 November.
285:
108:
2035:
1277:āļāļāļēāļāļīāļ. āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļāļĩ āļāļīāļāļĩāļĄāļāļāļĨ āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĒ. āļāļĢāļļāļāđāļāļāļŊ : āļāļĄāļĢāļĄāđāļāđāļ, āđāđāđāđ.
2037:āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļāļĩ 12 āđāļāļ·āļāļ : āđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāļŠāļąāļāļāļĄāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĒāļđāđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļāļāļ
1292:
750:
742:
738:
711:
677:
508:
477:
450:
446:
367:
339:
293:
118:
81:
67:
1031:
Partially made krathong, showing trunk of banana tree and banana leaves
966:
958:
918:
623:
430:
often accompany the festivities and fireworks also have become common.
343:
98:
89:
17:
1683:"āļāļģāđāļŦāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļ§āļĻāļĢāļĩāļāļļāļŽāļēāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāđ āļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļĄāļēāļĻ āđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļāļģāđāļŦāļāđāļāļāļāļāļĢāļēāļāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļŠāļļāđāļāļāļąāļĒ"
1647:
1606:
p. 108:- "Hinduism had existed in Thailand since the pre-Thai period "
1573:
1975:"āļāļāļ°āļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļāđāļāđāļĨāļĒāļĩ : Faculty of Science and Technology"
1339:
Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts
1174:
627:
438:
853:), intricately shaped paper lanterns which take on different forms.
579:) which means ritual vessel or lamp. However, other sources believe
2000:
de la Loubere, Simon (2003). Ames, Glenn J; Love, Ronald S (eds.).
1480:"Discover the full moon festival of Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar"
609:
Chinese Water Lantern, one of the possible origins of Thai Krathong
1183:- festival of lights observed in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka.
834:
777:
760:
604:
492:
473:
463:
442:
434:
414:
389:
381:
359:
297:
254:
154:
128:
1588:
Desai, S.N. and Embree, A. T. (1980). "The Festival of Lights,"
902:
673:
643:
355:
277:
218:
113:
71:
1422:"Buddhist Calendar - Southeast Asian Calendars - Thai Calendar"
865:) are lanterns which are carried around hanging from a stick,
2279:
Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Loi Krathong Information
597:), which has a similar pronunciation and the same meaning.
1899:
Bilmes, L. (1998). The /ka-/ and /kra-/ prefixes in Thai.
394:
Krathong symbolism at Loi Krathong Festival Procession in
1091:
Launching khom loi, Yi Peng Festival, Mae Cho, Chiang Mai
757:
Lanna Kingdom Period and later Northern Part of Thailand
1288:"āļ§āļąāļāļĨāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ 2566 āļ§āļąāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļēāđāļĢ āļĄāļĩāļāļąāļāļŦāļ§āļąāļāđāļŦāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļ"
153:
Worship and ask for forgiveness from Goddess of water
1710:"āļŠāļļāļāļīāļāļāđ āļ§āļāļĐāđāđāļāļĻ : āļĨāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļāļīāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļ°āļĨāļē"
745:
celebrates Loy Krathong similarly, especially in the
433:
The practice of Loy Krathong in Thailand which roots
2290:. Ministry of Culture, External Relations Division.
1397:
The Penguin Handbook of the World's Living Religions
1335:"Water Festivals of Thailand: The Indian Connection"
268:) is a Thai festival celebrated annually throughout
2220:"Up to 158 flights cancelled amid air safety fears"
193:
185:
177:
169:
161:
149:
141:
63:
55:
34:
531:According to the 1999 Royal Institute Dictionary,
1664:. Bangkok: Ministry of Culture Thailand. p. 33.
1592:. Bombay, India: Popular Prakashan Private Ltd.
157:, worship the Buddha's hair pagoda in the heaven
1617:Sayyaparaju V. R. and Singha B. (Ed.). (2023).
1043:Loy krathongs or floating lanterns at Koh Samui
694:
618:Loy Krathong is once said to have begun in the
413:plant. Modern krathongs are more often made of
2134:
2132:
1524:
1522:
1681:āđāļŦāļĨāđāļēāļĄāļēāļāļ°āđāļāļĢāļīāļ, āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļāļāđ (17 November 2016).
1584:
1582:
1561:. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. p. 116.
753:recognizes it as an attraction for tourists.
8:
808:). The festival is meant as a time to make
749:area. The ministry in charge of tourism in
2420:Observances set by the Thai lunar calendar
1787:"Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction"
1255:(in Thai). 22 January 2015. Archived from
961:, more than 200 workers and volunteers in
449:had created a rite similar to the Diwali.
272:and in nearby countries with significant
40:
31:
2167:"Loy Krathong must be kept under control"
1621:. India: Vikram Raju Sayyaparaju. p. 88.
665:Ayutthaya Kingdom and Lavo Kingdom Period
461:Buddhism at least since 5th century B.C.
2140:"City cleans 6 tonnes of krathong waste"
2119:"Lantern Festival of the Yee Peng Month"
1497:Chadchaidee, Thanapol "Lamduan" (2013).
1079:Loy Krathong 2007, Lumpini Park, Bangkok
1067:Loy Krathong 2007, Lumpini Park, Bangkok
2165:Atthakor, Ploenpote (1 November 2017).
2092:āļŠāļēāļĢāļ°āļāđāļēāļĢāļđāđāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļāļĩāļĒāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļĨāđāļēāļāļāļē
1238:
1211:
988:
441:, the festival of lights celebrated in
1436:"Pictures of the day: 23 October 2016"
1300:from the original on 14 November 2023.
2368:. Forgotten Books. pp. 358â367.
2312:Donald K. Swearer (1 February 2010).
1901:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
1486:from the original on 1 February 2017.
1322:from the original on 28 October 2022.
901:was also adopted by certain parts of
263:
7:
2347:Loy krathong & Songkran festival
2315:The Buddhist world of Southeast Asia
2040:(in Thai). Bangkok: āļĄāļāļīāļāļ Matichon.
1708:āļ§āļāļĐāđāđāļāļĻ, āļŠāļļāļāļīāļāļāđ (6 November 2017).
1159:â Myanmar equivalent of Loy Krathong
457:in a syncretistic relationship with
1456:. 12 September 2014. Archived from
915:Bangkok Metropolitan Administration
1249:[Loi Krathong tradition].
780:(northern Thai) festival known as
614:Legend in Sukhothai Kingdom Period
25:
2430:Observances held on the full moon
2344:Anuman Rajadhon (PhrayÄ) (1956).
2246:"Styrofoam krathong numbers sink"
1530:"No urban place for Loy Krathong"
998:Loy Krathong Festival, Chiang Mai
1125:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1036:
1024:
1015:
1003:
991:
877:) are the hanging lanterns, and
776:Loy Krathong coincides with the
165:Full moon of the 12th Thai month
2405:Buddhist festivals in Thailand
2365:The Kingdom of the Yellow Robe
1559:Thailand Cultures of the World
1367:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 514â515.
1363:. In Melton, J. Gordon (ed.).
1333:Argawal Ruchi (January 2009).
1218:Alternative spellings include
1:
1940:"āļĨāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĩāļāļĩāđ..āļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļĩāļāļ°"
1619:BHARAT The Eternal Vishwaguru
1400:. Penguin UK. 25 March 2010.
1316:Tourism Authority of Thailand
630:festival that was adapted by
2350:. National Culture Institute
1505:. Booksmango. pp. 5â7.
1312:"Loi Krathong Festival 2022"
1296:(in Thai). 8 November 2023.
893:celebrations can be seen in
688:, published under the title
626:, writing in 1863, it was a
2077:Journal of the Siam Society
1946:(in Thai). 22 November 2018
1189:â Japanese lantern festival
1144:Public holidays in Thailand
835:
706:Rattanakosin Kingdom Period
680:) in 1687 (the "La LoubÃĻre-
255:
2446:
1361:"Lantern Festival (China)"
634:in Thailand to honour the
541:) means 'to float', while
2034:āļ§āļāļĐāđāđāļāļĻ, āļŠāļļāļāļīāļāļāđ (2005).
1631:Ray, R, Celeste. (2020).
1410:– via Google Books.
905:during the 16th century.
886:
874:
862:
850:
824:
800:means a 'full moon day'.
789:
719:
658:
570:
564:
553:Royal Society of Thailand
546:
536:
320:) or to worship the Holy
317:
244:
39:
2091:
2006:. Westport CT: Praeger.
1055:Loy Krathong, Chiang Mai
583:to be a derivate of the
437:in origin, derived from
1635:. Oxon, NY: Routledge.
1499:"Loy Krathong Festival"
1177:â Indian light festival
955:Thao Suranaree Monument
265:[lÉĖËjkrÄ.tĘ°ÅÅ]
2274:Sukhothai celebrations
1740:www.matichonweekly.com
773:
729:(who is also known as
703:
610:
592:
484:
398:
387:
2287:Loy Krathong Festival
2068:Phya Anuman Hajthon.
1662:Loy Krathong Festival
1590:Hinduism in Thai Life
1157:Tazaungdaing festival
1010:Loy Krathong Festival
932:In 2017, because the
764:
608:
467:
393:
385:
348:Tazaungdaing festival
198:Tazaungdaing festival
104:Tazaungdaing festival
2410:November observances
2125:on 28 February 2013.
495:, a temple built by
2415:Culture of Thailand
1871:on 26 December 2013
1845:on 26 December 2013
1819:on 26 December 2013
1557:Goodman J. (2004).
1482:. 1 February 2017.
1318:. 28 October 2022.
1252:Ministry of Culture
1163:Mid-Autumn Festival
1103:Launching a lantern
806:Thai lunar calendar
670:Simon de la LoubÃĻre
497:King Jayavarman VII
329:Thai lunar calendar
205:Mid-Autumn Festival
2425:Bananas in culture
2252:. 24 November 2018
2226:. 22 November 2018
2146:. 16 November 2016
2070:"The Loi Krathons"
1944:www.thairath.co.th
1767:on 19 October 2020
1539:. 18 November 2018
1503:Essays on Thailand
1460:on 7 November 2017
1442:. 23 October 2016.
1247:"āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļāļĩ āļĨāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ"
1153:Similar festivals
939:Chiang Mai Airport
774:
690:Du Royaume de Siam
672:led an embassy to
640:Siddhartha Gautama
611:
485:
399:
388:
229:(in Odisha, India)
2400:Buddhist holidays
2375:978-1-4400-9096-7
2329:978-1-4384-3251-9
2297:978-974-9681-22-0
2200:. 30 October 2017
1670:978-974-9-68122-0
1641:978-100-3-01014-2
1627:978-936-0-39038-9
1374:978-1-5988-4206-7
1357:Melton, J. Gordon
1132:Loy Krathong 2014
1118:
951:Nakhon Ratchasima
927:Chao Phraya River
833:
651:Phra Mae Khongkha
620:Sukhothai Kingdom
356:Il Full Moon Poya
274:South Western Tai
253:
234:
233:
230:
223:
216:
209:
202:
16:(Redirected from
2437:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2322:. pp. 49â.
2308:
2306:
2304:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2121:. Archived from
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2099:on 10 April 2014
2087:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1977:. Archived from
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:, 21 (2), 73-96.
1897:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1867:. Archived from
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1841:. Archived from
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1815:. Archived from
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1763:. Archived from
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1678:
1672:
1658:
1652:
1615:
1609:
1586:
1577:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1243:
1227:
1216:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1019:
1007:
995:
888:
876:
864:
852:
840:
828:
826:
796:means 'two' and
791:
721:
660:
578:
574:
568:
559:is derived from
550:
540:
364:Lantern Festival
319:
310:Goddess Khongkha
267:
262:
258:
248:
246:
228:
221:
214:
207:
200:
134:Lantern Festival
64:Observed by
44:
32:
27:Siamese festival
21:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2390:
2389:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2311:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1981:on 28 June 2010
1973:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1914:"āļāļģāļāļāļīāļāļēāļĒāļĻāļąāļāļāđ"
1912:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1687:āļĄāļāļīāļāļāļŠāļļāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļŦāđ
1680:
1679:
1675:
1659:
1655:
1616:
1612:
1587:
1580:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1259:on 28 July 2020
1245:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1181:Karthika Deepam
1140:
1133:
1130:
1121:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1092:
1089:
1080:
1077:
1068:
1065:
1056:
1053:
1044:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1008:
999:
996:
987:
975:Mueang District
963:Mueang District
942:fine of 60,000
911:
759:
708:
667:
616:
603:
529:
468:A 12th century
453:has existed in
428:Beauty contests
380:
260:
194:Related to
97:
77:Boun That Luang
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2443:
2441:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2374:
2360:
2341:
2328:
2309:
2296:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2268:External links
2266:
2264:
2263:
2237:
2211:
2185:
2157:
2128:
2110:
2082:
2060:
2046:
2026:
2012:
1992:
1966:
1957:
1931:
1920:. 8 March 2017
1918:vajirayana.org
1905:
1892:
1882:
1856:
1830:
1804:
1795:
1778:
1761:"Loi Krathong"
1752:
1727:
1700:
1673:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1578:
1550:
1518:
1511:
1489:
1471:
1445:
1427:
1413:
1406:
1387:
1373:
1348:
1325:
1303:
1279:
1270:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1002:
1000:
997:
990:
986:
983:
910:
907:
758:
755:
727:Sri Indraditya
724:Sukhothai King
707:
704:
666:
663:
632:Thai Buddhists
615:
612:
602:
599:
528:
525:
513:Kartik Purnima
472:bas-relief at
379:
376:
232:
231:
222:(in Sri Lanka)
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:2024 date
175:
174:
171:
170:2023 date
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2442:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:817-154-189-5
1595:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:0-7614-1478-9
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1538:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:9786162222641
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1440:The Telegraph
1437:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1407:9780141955049
1403:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:Boita Bandana
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1149:Thai folklore
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1123:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1001:
994:
989:
984:
982:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
940:
935:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:In 2016, the
909:The aftermath
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
884:
880:
872:
868:
860:
856:
848:
844:
839:
838:
831:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
787:
783:
779:
772:
768:
765:Thousands of
763:
756:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:King Rama III
732:
728:
725:
717:
713:
712:King Rama III
705:
702:
699:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
664:
662:
656:
652:
648:
645:
644:Hindu Goddess
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
607:
600:
598:
596:
595:
590:
586:
582:
573:
567:
562:
558:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
526:
524:
522:
521:Odia calendar
518:
517:Boita Bandana
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
397:
392:
384:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
325:
323:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:Xishuangbanna
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
257:
251:
242:
238:
227:
226:Boita Bandana
220:
215:(in Cambodia)
213:
206:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
95:
94:Xishuangbanna
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
56:Official name
54:
50:in Chiang Mai
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2379:. Retrieved
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2346:
2333:. Retrieved
2314:
2301:. Retrieved
2286:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:Bangkok Post
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:Bangkok Post
2223:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2197:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:Bangkok Post
2170:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:Bangkok Post
2143:
2123:the original
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2097:the original
2085:
2076:
2063:
2053:21 September
2051:. Retrieved
2036:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2002:
1995:
1985:22 September
1983:. Retrieved
1979:the original
1969:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1943:
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1917:
1908:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:the original
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1843:the original
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:the original
1807:
1798:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:āļĄāļāļīāļāļāļāļāļāđāļĨāļāđ
1713:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1686:
1676:
1661:
1656:
1632:
1618:
1613:
1589:
1558:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:Bangkok Post
1536:
1502:
1492:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1448:
1439:
1430:
1416:
1396:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1364:
1351:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1306:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1250:
1241:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1200:Thanksgiving
1187:TÅrÅ nagashi
979:
949:In 2017, in
948:
934:sky lanterns
931:
929:and canals.
912:
898:
890:
879:khom pariwat
878:
866:
854:
842:
836:
817:sky lanterns
814:
801:
797:
793:
781:
775:
766:
709:
695:
689:
668:
624:King Rama IV
617:
588:
580:
556:
542:
532:
530:
504:
500:
489:Khmer Empire
486:
481:
470:Khmer Empire
455:Suvarnabhumi
432:
406:
402:
400:
337:
326:
305:
256:Loi Krathong
237:Loy Krathong
236:
235:
201:(in Myanmar)
150:Significance
132:
122:
112:
102:
80:), northern
75:
59:Loy Krathong
47:
35:Loy Krathong
29:
2256:24 November
2230:22 November
2150:16 November
1875:25 December
1865:"æ―éĪ鎞ïžãããïžč"
1849:25 December
1823:25 December
1543:18 November
1464:26 December
1380:15 February
1345:(1): 1, 17.
1263:10 November
1224:Loy Gratong
1220:Loi Kratong
867:khom khwaen
769:in Mae Jo,
561:Old Chinese
555:, the word
491:. Walls of
411:spider lily
372:Bon Om Touk
290:Tanintharyi
212:Bon Om Touk
181:15 November
173:27 November
124:Bon Om Touk
2394:Categories
2320:SUNY Press
2204:31 October
2178:1 November
2047:9743236244
2019:15 October
2013:0313308640
1950:30 October
1924:30 October
1771:4 November
1648:2019-44847
1574:2002-25979
1234:References
971:Wang River
895:Chiang Mai
887:āđāļāļĄāļāļĢāļīāļ§āļĢāļĢāļ
815:Swarms of
771:Chiang Mai
731:Phra Ruang
659:āļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāđāļāļāļāļē
480:depicting
423:Chiang Mai
396:Chiang Mai
333:Chiang Mai
318:āļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāđāļāļāļāļē
276:cultures (
261:pronounced
208:(in China)
2381:5 October
2354:5 October
2335:5 October
2303:5 October
1745:3 October
1720:3 October
1716:(in Thai)
1693:3 October
1689:(in Thai)
1533:(Opinion)
1454:"Il Poya"
1195:Leaf boat
923:Styrofoam
855:Khom thue
686:Louis XIV
638:, Prince
577:/*k-tËĪÉÅ/
527:Etymology
459:Theravada
419:Styrofoam
352:Sri Lanka
186:Frequency
109:Sri Lanka
96:in China,
46:Floating
2198:Thai PBS
1484:Archived
1359:(2011).
1320:Archived
1298:Archived
1293:Thairath
1138:See also
843:khom fai
837:khom loi
767:khom loi
751:Malaysia
743:Malaysia
739:Kelantan
720:āļāļēāļāļāļāļĄāļēāļĻ
678:Thailand
676:(modern
581:krathong
557:krathong
543:krathong
509:Cambodia
505:krathong
501:krathong
478:Cambodia
451:Hinduism
447:Buddhism
403:krathong
378:Overview
368:Cambodia
346:as the "
340:Thailand
322:Buddha's
306:krathong
294:Kelantan
270:Thailand
245:āļĨāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ
119:Cambodia
82:Malaysia
68:Thailand
48:krathong
985:Gallery
967:Lampang
959:Buriram
919:Bangkok
899:Yi Peng
891:Yi Peng
875:āđāļāļĄāđāļāļ§āļ
832::
802:Yi Peng
790:āļĒāļĩāđāđāļāđāļ
782:Yi Peng
682:CÃĐberet
601:History
594:Kantong
589:kantong
482:Kantong
407:hor mok
344:Myanmar
252::
219:Il Poya
114:Il Poya
99:Myanmar
90:Myanmar
18:Yi Peng
2372:
2326:
2294:
2103:6 June
2044:
2010:
1839:"æ―éĪ鎞č"
1668:
1646:
1639:
1625:
1596:
1572:
1565:
1509:
1404:
1371:
1226:, etc.
1175:Diwali
863:āđāļāļĄāļāļ·āļ
825:āđāļāļĄāļĨāļāļĒ
747:Tumpat
636:Buddha
439:Dewali
366:" and
300:, and
189:Annual
92:, and
2079:: 64.
2073:(PDF)
1890:47â68
1813:"æūæ°īį"
1790:(PDF)
1206:Notes
957:. In
851:āđāļāļĄāđāļ
810:merit
778:Lanna
698:Louvo
647:Ganga
628:Hindu
587:word
585:Malay
563:word
548:āļāļĢāļ°āļāļ
493:Bayon
474:Bayon
443:India
435:Hindu
415:bread
360:China
298:Kedah
155:Ganga
145:Asian
129:China
2383:2011
2370:ISBN
2356:2011
2337:2011
2324:ISBN
2305:2011
2292:ISBN
2258:2018
2232:2018
2206:2017
2180:2017
2152:2016
2105:2014
2055:2021
2042:ISBN
2021:2017
2008:ISBN
1987:2010
1952:2020
1926:2020
1877:2013
1851:2013
1825:2013
1773:2020
1747:2020
1722:2020
1695:2020
1666:ISBN
1644:LCCN
1637:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1570:LCCN
1563:ISBN
1545:2018
1507:ISBN
1466:2016
1402:ISBN
1382:2014
1369:ISBN
1343:9â10
1265:2019
944:baht
903:Laos
883:Thai
871:Thai
859:Thai
847:Thai
830:RTGS
821:Thai
798:peng
786:Thai
716:Thai
674:Siam
655:Thai
370:as "
362:as "
354:as "
314:Thai
282:Shan
278:Laos
250:RTGS
241:Thai
162:Date
142:Type
131:(as
121:(as
111:(as
101:(as
86:Shan
74:(as
72:Laos
973:in
792:).
741:in
661:).
569:or
538:āļĨāļāļĒ
533:loi
487:In
417:or
374:".
358:",
350:",
338:In
286:Mon
210:,,
117:),
107:),
88:in
2396::
2318:.
2248:.
2222:.
2196:.
2169:.
2142:.
2131:^
2075:.
1942:.
1916:.
1738:.
1712:.
1685:.
1600:.
1581:^
1535:.
1521:^
1501:.
1438:.
1341:.
1337:.
1314:.
1290:.
1222:,
977:.
885::
873::
861::
849::
827:;
823::
812:.
794:Yi
788::
718::
657::
649:,
476:,
401:A
316::
296:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
259:,
247:,
243::
224:,
217:,
203:,
137:),
127:,
84:,
70:,
2385:.
2358:.
2339:.
2307:.
2260:.
2234:.
2208:.
2182:.
2154:.
2107:.
2057:.
2023:.
1989:.
1954:.
1928:.
1879:.
1853:.
1827:.
1792:.
1775:.
1749:.
1724:.
1697:.
1547:.
1515:.
1468:.
1424:.
1384:.
1267:.
881:(
869:(
857:(
845:(
819:(
784:(
653:(
591:(
575:(
572:į
566:é
545:(
535:(
312:(
239:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
