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and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our
Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation
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continued to perform under the JPPC name. Rauch left in 1971 and a series of short-lived conductors took over in the choir: Oscar Julius (1971–2), Rauch again (1972–8), Franco Rossi (1978–80), Rauch (1980), Madeline Simon (1980–84), and Peter
Schlosser (1984–95). During this time the number of members dwindled greatly, having only eighteen members in 1981; the number of public performances was reduced as well.
258:, and in 1933 went to Moscow to represent the choir at the International Congress of Proletarian Musicians. There was even the suggestion of a Soviet tour by his New York choir, although it never happened in the end. Upon his return to New York in May 1933 the choir gave another concert at Carnegie Hall. In their 1935 annual concert they once again presented
357:
and shifts in
American Jewish musical tastes, the choir also began to introduce Hebrew-language material. It was under Kopf's direction that the choir made its first recording in around 1949–50, a multi-disc set which included a mix of Hebrew and Yiddish materials, and a mix of Helfman's, Kopf's and
321:, the choir, mandolin orchestra and its parent organizations were targeted by the US government as subversive organizations. The Jewish Music Alliance was also attacked in the press for its Communist ties. Because of this, in 1948 the choir changed its name to the Jewish People's Philharmonic Chorus (
385:
took over as conductor, a role which he continues to hold at present. He developed the choir, which had lost the ability to perform more advanced arrangements, into a more ambitious ensemble which could perform at a more professional level; this included holding auditions for new members starting in
287:
to replace him in 1936–7. He also became head of the Jewish
Workers Musical Alliance in 1938, which dropped the word Workers from its name, and Helfman began to edit subsequent editions of the chorus's published booklets. In 1937 Helfman and the choir performed Schaefer's final unperformed oratorio
1292:
Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. Hearings before a
Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Seventy-fifth Congress, third session-Seventy-eighth Congress, second session, on H. Res. 282, to investigate (l) the extent, character,
271:
Schaefer sought to keep the music of the choir at a high artistic level without making it inaccessible for working class listeners. Education and outreach was also an important element of the choir's work. For most of the 1930s, the conductors of the choir (Schaefer and later
Helfman) published
132:
politics. Many of its early members were garment workers. The choir became quite large, growing from 100 to 200 members in the first decade, most of whom were first generation Jewish immigrants who spoke
Yiddish as their first language. Its repertoire was mainly in Yiddish, although it did also
120:. Schaefer, who was still living in Chicago when the New York choir was founded, had used the name for a previous choir in Chicago he founded in 1913–14 and had picked it to not alienate potential members or audiences who were not Communists. The New York choir was affiliated with the newspaper
377:
Kopf died in March 1953 and Eugene Malek took over as conductor (possibly in 1952 as Kopf's health declined). He remained until 1960 when the choir merged with the Jewish People’s Chorus of New York, an affiliated choir conducted by
Maurice Rauch. Rauch became conductor of the new chorus which
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annual booklets containing arrangements for voice and choir. The network of affiliated choirs around the United States continued to do well, with a 1936 article estimating it had forty choirs around the country with roughly 4000 members, of which 500 singers were located in New York.
188:. The New York choir also grew large enough that various neighborhood and suburban branches of the FGF existed and rehearsed separately. New York also had a number of other progressive Yiddish choirs which were not Communist-affiliated.
207:(The twelve) which was performed at Carnegie Hall in April 1927. The main choir often performed jointly with its affiliated choirs; its fifth jubilee concert at Carnegie Hall in April 1928 was staged together with a branch from
170:
during this period, and as other affiliated choirs were founded in more than 30 cities around the United States, the original FGF maintained an important role. Affiliated choirs in cities such as
336:(IWO) was forced to close and the Jewish Fraternal People's Order which had supported the choir lost its financial base. Many members left the choir for fear of being targeted themselves.
133:
perform in
Russian, Polish, and other European languages. In the early years both Weiner and Schaefer composed for the choir, Weiner was its conductor. It gave its first major concert at
302:. The work was popular enough that they reprised it the following year for their annual May concert. In December 1937 the choir also performed in a joint memorial event for Schaefer,
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298:. This work, which included dancers and piano accompaniment by Gregory Ashman, sought to portray scenes in the lives of workers via folksongs collected by Soviet musicologist
226:
orientation. The choir, accompanied by fifty members of the
Manhattan Symphony Orchestra, performed a "revolutionary oratorio" by Schaefer at Carnegie Hall in 1930 entitled
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by Itzik Feffer. When Helfman left the choir in 1948 Leo Kopf, a refugee from Germany, took over as conductor. At around this time, owing to the founding of the state of
1589:
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953:
Jacobson, Marian (2006). "9. From Communism to Yiddishism: The Reinvention of the Jewish People's Philharmonic Chorus of New York City". In Ahlquist, Karen (ed.).
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newspaper; at its height in the 1920s and 1930s it had hundreds of members, many of whom were garment workers. After World War II, it was targeted by
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in 2005. In 2006 the choir released a CD, its first album in several decades. The choir appeared at the North American Jewish Choral Festival in
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166:) was founded to fund Yiddish-language choirs and to publish arrangements made by FGF conductors. The FGF was closely affiliated with the
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414:. It then returned to the North American Jewish Choral Festival for several more years, appearing in 2007, 2010-1, and 2013-19.
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311:
1275:"TRIBUTES ARE PAID TO THREE COMPOSERS: Gershwin, Hadley and Schaefer Works Offered in Program of WPA Theatre of Music".
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Yiddish American popular songs, 1895 to 1950 : a catalog based on the Lawrence Marwick roster of copyright entries
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orchestra also founded and directed by Schaefer. The choir regularly appeared at rallies and political events as well.
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In 1936 Schaefer died unexpectedly at age 48 and the chorus hired prolific composer, accompanist and choir director
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201:) to an audience of 4000 at the Mecca Temple. Schaefer followed it with another successful oratorio,
1219:"JEWISH CHORAL FETE HELD AT HIPPODROME: Freiheit Gezang Farein of 200 Mixed Voices led by Helfman".
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Advertisement for Freiheit chorus and mandolin orchestra performance from the Daily Worker, 1931
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In 1948 the choir performed at Carnegie Hall in its final concert under Helfman, debuting his
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in February 1924. Starting in 1924, the chorus often performed together in concert with the
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Freiheit Gezang Farein chorus, joint photo of New York City and Paterson N.J. branches, 1924
449:- Songs for Voice and Piano (International Workers Order, 1932, compiled by Jacob Schaefer)
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1958-60, Tikva Records, the Jewish People’s Chorus of New York conducted by Maurice Rauch)
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1958-60, Tikva Records, the Jewish People’s Chorus of New York conducted by Maurice Rauch)
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In 2021, the choir changed its name to its present name, the Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus (
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Yiddish-language advertisement for 10 years of Israel celebration concert, Der Tog 1958
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Another of the choir's early successes was its February 1926 performance of Schaefer's
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Kligman, Mark (2021). "Chant in the Ashkenazic Tradition". In Diner, Hasia R. (ed.).
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In the 1930s, the choir under Schaefer continued to have a strong Communist and pro-
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Schaefer's compositions. In 1952 he also staged the first American performance of
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1351:"DJSA - Jewish People s Philharmonic Choral Society - JPP Chorus 10in78 Album"
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1147:"CHORISTERS GIVE CONCERT: Freiheit Gezang Farein Is Heard at Carnegie Hall".
406:, in 2000, 2001 and 2003 and at the New York International Choir Festival at
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890:(in Yiddish). New York: Idishin muziḳalishn arbeṭer-farband. pp. 73–82.
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The Jewish People's Philharmonic Chorus, new york, Dr. Leo Kopf, conductor
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Shandler, Jeffrey (2005). "CHAPTER FOUR. YIDDISH AS PERFORMANCE ART".
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Group photo of the Freiheit Gezang Farein chorus, New York City, 1923
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Advertisement for Freiheit Gezang Farein concert from 1924 in Der Tog
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55:. It was founded in 1923 by Lazar Weiner and Jacob Schaefer as the
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1435:"JEWISH PEOPLE'S PHILHARMONIC. Temple hosts Yiddish concert".
1063:(26). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 22. 26 December 1931.
1023:(26). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 22. 27 December 1930.
860:(14). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 20. 12 December 1936.
558:/Let's Sing: A collection of Yiddish, English and Hebrew Songs
1121:(19). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 14–5. 13 May 1933.
61:
and was closely associated with Communist politics and the
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in 2002, 2005 and 2006. And in 2007 the choir appeared in
386:
2002. The choir began to perform more often, including at
1409:(7). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 31. 1 April 1953.
957:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. pp. 202–20.
69:
and was renamed the Jewish People’s Philharmonic Chorus (
1053:"Freiheit Gezang Farein and Freiheit Mandolin Orchestra"
1296:. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 1938. p. 334.
279:
Freiheit Gezang Farein chorus in New York, circa 1936-7
124:, and had a strong working class identity and espoused
1311:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 670.
1260:"Max Helfman to Lead Freiheit Gezang Concert May 13".
1168:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 373.
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Recordings by the Jewish People's Philharmonic Chorus
732:(in Yiddish). New York: Elisheva. pp. 5909–5962.
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1208:. Brooklyn, New York. 2 December 1936. p. 12A.
1093:"Freiheit Chorus to Sing Oratorio by Own Conductor"
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254:at the invitation of Feffer, where he premiered
75:) in 1948. It adopted its current name in 2021.
1099:. Vol. 10, no. 277. 18 November 1933.
978:
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907:. University of California Press. p. 144.
754:"Chorus Raises Its Voice To Keep Yiddish Alive"
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1439:. Teaneck, N.J. 19 November 2003. p. A44.
1081:. Vol. 7, no. 303. 19 December 1930.
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1249:(11). Summy-Birchard Publishing Company: 25.
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637:Zingt! A Celebration of Yiddish Choral Music
1600:Secular Jewish culture in the United States
726:Zylbercweig, Zalmen; Mestel, Jacob (1931).
607:from the treasures of Avrom Goldfaden songs
250:, and others. In 1932 Schaefer traveled to
158:In 1925 the Jewish Workers Music Alliance (
1377:"Jewish People's Chorus Town Hall, May 17"
1309:The Oxford handbook of the Jewish diaspora
1232:
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1075:"ORATORIO "OCTOBER" SAT. NITE AT CARNEGIE"
1041:. Vol. 5, no. 93. 19 April 1928.
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501:, 1937, by Jacob Schaefer and Max Helfman)
366:, translated into Yiddish by N. Buchwald.
164:דער ייִדיש-מוזיקאַלישער אַרבעטער-פאַרבאַנד
1570:1961 jubilee concert booklet of the choir
1424:. Teaneck, N.J. 28 May 2008. p. A36.
1279:. New York. 30 December 1937. p. 13.
1193:. New York. 17 November 1936. p. 34.
1162:Heskes, Irene; Marwick, Lawrence (1992).
1151:. New York. 22 November 1936. p. D7.
1590:1923 establishments in the United States
1264:. Paterson, N. J. 5 May 1938. p. 7.
1420:"Chorus brings Yiddish songs to life".
1336:. New York. 13 August 1963. p. 31.
649:
545:: 22 Selected songs of Jacob Schaefer (
1526:"DJSA - Jacob Schaefer - Tzvei Brider"
1387:(8). Musical America Publications: 18.
629:, composed by Jacob Schaefer, text by
1332:"MAX HELFMAN DIES; COMPOSER WAS 64".
1136:. New York. 22 March 1935. p. 5.
460:Yidisher muzikalisher-arbeter farband
324:ייִדישער פֿילהאַרמאָנישער פֿאָלקסכאָר
230:which incorporated poems selected by
7:
1501:"Tsṿey un tsṿantsig geḳlibene lider"
1223:. New York. 21 May 1939. p. G6.
983:Gelfand, Alexander (30 April 2010).
197:("Two brothers", based on a work by
422:
323:
163:
108:) was founded in 1923 by composers
102:
36:
1605:Musical groups established in 1923
1204:"JACOB SCHAEFER, COMPOSER, DIES".
16:New York City secular Jewish choir
14:
887:Yaaḳov Sheyfer zayn lebn un shafn
729:Leḳsiḳon fun Yidishn ṭeaṭer vol 6
696:. The Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus
329:Yidisher filharmonisher folkskhor
72:Yidisher filharmonisher folkskhor
1615:Yiddish culture in New York City
884:Bailin, Israel Ber (1938). "4".
795:. Milken Archive of Jewish Music
752:Robinson, George (31 May 2011).
349:based on an epic poem about the
1355:Dartmouth Jewish Sound Archive
1132:"The Freiheit Gezang Farein".
821:Citron, Alice (January 1955).
793:Milken Archive of Jewish Music
423:ייִדישער פֿילהאַרמאָנישער כאָר
262:, while in 1936 they reprised
211:which Schaefer also directed.
37:ייִדישער פֿילהאַרמאָנישער כאָר
1:
690:"Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus"
633:, conducted by Maurice Rauch)
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594:
590:Sholem Aleichem Dir, Amerike!
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312:Works Progress Administration
823:"A CHORUS OF JEWISH WORKERS"
427:Yidisher filharmonisher khor
41:Yidisher filharmonisher khor
1564:Florida Atlantic University
1554:Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus
1399:"PASSED AWAY. LEO KOPF, 64"
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294:(Strike and revolt) at the
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168:International Workers Order
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91:The New York branch of the
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29:Yiddish Philharmonic Chorus
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1013:"Freiheit Singing Society"
850:"OBITUARY. Jacob Schaefer"
688:Bleaman, Isaac L. (2018).
487:, 1936, by Jacob Schaefer)
475:, 1935, by Jacob Schaefer)
463:, 1934, by Jacob Schaefer)
140:Freiheit Mandolin Orkester
1239:"Yiddish Folk Opera Sung"
913:10.1525/9780520931770-008
904:Adventures in Yiddishland
758:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
392:Museum of Jewish Heritage
182:also sang under the name
1237:K., R. (13 March 1937).
1111:"Freiheit Gezang Farein"
1035:"Freiheit Gezang Farein"
178:and the original one in
1595:Choirs in New York City
1437:The Teaneck Suburbanite
1422:The Teaneck Suburbanite
537:, 1940, by Max Helfman)
525:, 1939, by Max Helfman)
513:, 1938, by Max Helfman)
1451:"Mit gezang tsum kamf"
498:Yidisher muzik-farband
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351:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
317:With the start of the
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185:Freiheit Gezang Farein
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94:Freiheit Gezang Farein
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58:Freiheit Gezang Farein
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1610:Jewish musical groups
694:www.yiddishchorus.org
602:Rozhinkes mit Mandlen
396:Austin J. Tobin Plaza
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291:A bunt mit a statshke
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103:פרײהײט געזאַנג פאַרײן
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1375:S., R. (June 1952).
955:Chorus and community
446:Mit gezang tsum kamf
404:Ellenville, New York
308:Henry Kimball Hadley
209:Paterson, New Jersey
1574:Yiddish Book Center
383:Binyumen Schaechter
364:Song of the Forests
360:Dmitri Shostakovich
1576:digital collection
1566:Judaica collection
1530:djsa.dartmouth.edu
1334:The New York Times
1277:The New York Times
1221:The New York Times
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234:from the works of
232:Nathaniel Buchwald
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1175:978-0-16-036180-7
922:978-0-520-93177-0
300:Moisei Beregovsky
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122:Morgen Freiheit
118:Lower East Side
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63:Morgen Freiheit
44:) is a secular
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583:RCA Records
390:and at the
285:Max Helfman
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1584:Categories
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644:References
985:"In Tune"
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