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267:), and preferring to sleep outside even if beds or indoor accommodations were available. She wrote about her rejecting of such stereotypes and commented that "A well-known collector and explorer stated very positively that 'it was impossible for a woman to travel alone in Latin America,'" and emphasized that "I decided that if I wanted to become better acquainted with the South American continent the best way would be to make my way right across it."
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442:. She was also an honorary member of the Departamento Forestal, de Caza y Pesca de Mexico. She also appeared as a guest lecturer at various scientific organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area on account of her riveting accounts of her journeys and her skillful photography lending visuals to her content. Her specimens are housed at the California Academy of Sciences (main collection), the
564:"Women were actively dissuaded from doing that kind of work, because it was considered unfeminine and dangerous," says . "You actually have to camp out, you couldn’t wash your hair, you were living a kind of rough life, and that could be dangerous…. But MexĂa had agency. She was doing exactly the work that she wanted to do."
592:(Pucciniaceae) have been described from her work. During her first expedition, she collected 500 specimens, which is the same number collected during Darwin's voyage on the Beagle. Although curators are still working to catalogue her full selection of specimens, 50 new species have already been named after her.
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MexĂa is remembered by her colleagues for her expertise in fieldwork, resilience in the face of difficult and dangerous conditions, as well as her impulsiveness and fractious but generous personality. She was known and praised for her meticulous, exacting work and her skills as a botanical collector.
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in Alaska, which yielded 6100 specimens. The next year she went to South
America and travelled by canoe down the Amazon River, covering 4,800 kilometers in two and a half years, ending at its source in the Andes. This expedition resulted in 65,000 specimens. On that expedition she spent three months
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In 1909, at the age of 39, MexĂa suffered a mental and physical breakdown and left Mexico for San
Francisco in search of medical care. She was treated by Dr. Philip King Brown, founder of the Arequipa Sanatorium in Fairfax, for a total of ten years. While in Northern California, MexĂa began going on
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While residing there in 1897, Mexia married her first husband, Herman de Laue, a
Spanish-German merchant, who died in 1904. Around the time of his death, Mexia started Quinta, a pet and poultry stock raising business, at the hacienda she inherited from her father's estate. Later, she married D.
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Though MexĂa had a short professional career—only 13 years—compared to many other academics, she collected a huge number of plant specimens. According to the
British Natural History museum, she collected at least 145,000 plant specimens during her travels, 500 of which were new species (mostly
551:
MexĂa was atypical for a botanist or botanical collector of her era, as a woman, a person of
Mexican heritage under-represented in her field, and an older person who had begun her career in her mid-fifties. Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis, a professor of the
278:, then secretary of the Sierra Club, wrote "All who knew YnĂ©s MexĂa could not fail to be impressed by her friendly unassuming spirit, and by that rare courage which enabled her to travel, much of the time alone, in lands where few would dare to follow".
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MexĂa began her career in botany in 1922 when she joined an expedition led by Mr. E. L. Furlong, the
Curator of Paleontology at University of California, Berkeley. Her successes started to mount in 1925 with a two-month excursion to western
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and accumulated over 150,000 specimens for botanical study over the course of a career spanning 16 years enduring challenges in the field that included poisonous berries, dangerous terrain, bogs and earthquakes for the sake of her research.
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229:. Later, the family moved around in various eastern cities such as Philadelphia and Ontario, where she received a private school education. They settled in Maryland, where Ynés attended St. Joseph's Preparatory School in
256:, on a collecting trip to Mexico, which would be her first botanical exploration in that country. In middle age, MexĂa had found her purpose in life, writing: "… I have a job, I produce something real and lasting."
307:. MexĂa fell off a cliff, fracturing ribs and injuring a hand. Despite the trip being halted, it yielded 500 botanical specimens, including several new species. The first species to be named after Mexia,
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413:
published two accounts of her travels: "Three
Thousand Miles up the Amazon" (SCB, 18:1 , 88–96), and "Camping on the Equator" (SCB, 22:1 , 85–91). Several additional were published in
263:. Her habits often surprised people she met because she was not acting in a manner typical of a woman of the early 20th century: traveling alone, riding horseback, wearing trousers (
274:, Mexico, MexĂa became ill. Forced to abort the trip and return to the United States, she was subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer and died a month later at the age of 68.
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mountains, and commented that "the advice and information she gave us concerning primitive life in the Andes and how to become adjusted to it was invaluable."
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470:, as well as several museums and botanical gardens throughout Europe. Her personal papers are preserved at the California Academy of Sciences and at the
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Other researchers benefited from her knowledge of
Central and South American culture and natural environment and her fluency with the Spanish language.
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376:, that traversed parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and California...and netted over 1300 collection numbers... Mrs. MexĂa was to me a dear good friend."
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317:. Various other species that she discovered were later named for her, including a flowering plant that is a member of the daisy family called
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758:"Aguaruna" and "Araguaruna" seem to be used interchangeably in the botanical and ethnographic literatures. E.g., from the bibliography of
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YnĂ©s MexĂa was born on May 24, 1870, in
Washington D.C. to Enrique Mexia, a Mexican diplomat, and Sarah Wilmer MexĂa. Her grandfather was
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372:." He relates that "In 1933 she accompanied Miss Eastwood and me on the first Eastwood and Howell collecting expedition.….in an open
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Ynés enrolled at
University California Berkeley, where she was introduced to botany and went on her first expedition. Ynés wrote to
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All of her research and collecting excursions were funded by the sale of her specimens to institutions and private collectors.
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Over the course of the next 13 years, MexĂa traveled from the northern regions of Alaska to the southern tip of
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botanist notable for her extensive collection of novel specimens of flora and plants originating from sites in
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into the mountains, and thus became interested in the region's ecology such as redwoods, birds, and plants.
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In 1873, her father returned to Mexico, and her mother moved Ynés and her six half-siblings to a ranch in
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Augustin Reygados, but the union ended in divorce in 1906, after he effectively bankrupted the business.
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in July 1925, advising Eastwood that she was about to accompany Stanford's Assistant Herbarium Curator,
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MexĂa had a lifetime membership in the California Academy of Sciences and published a book,
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served as MexĂa's collection manager. In her will, MexĂa left sufficient money to the
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In 2020, the life of YnĂ©s MexĂa was featured in a documentary short included in the
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Folk taxonomy and evolutionary dynamics of cassava: A case study in Ubatuba, Brazil
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to create and produce his pioneering invention of more humane traps for animals.
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1286:"Type of Mexianthus mexicanus B.L. Rob. [family ASTERACEAE] on JSTOR"
1262:"Google Doodle celebrates Mexican-American botanist and explorer YnĂ©s MexĂa"
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University and Jepson Herbaria Archives, University of California, Berkeley
1396:"Meet Ynes Mexia, late-blooming botanist whose adventures rivaled Darwin's"
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884:"YnĂ©s MexĂa: Google Doodle Honors tenacious Mexican-American and explorer"
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MexĂa was an active member of many scientific societies, including the
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The Memory Palace Episode 107: Roots and Branches and Wind-Borne Seeds
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BOSTER, J.S. Selection for perceptual distinctiveness: evidence from
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The Perfect Specimen: The 20th Century Renown Botanist--Ynes Mexia
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210:, a distinguished Mexican general. Sarah Wilmer was related to
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A Biographical Dictionary A to Z of Women in Science and Math
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706:. With Edwin Bingham Copeland. Editor University Press (1932)
313:, was discovered on this voyage, and was dedicated to her by
1886:
Oral history transcript of N. Floy Bracelin about YnĂ©s MexĂa
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BOSTER, J.S. Classification, cultivation, and selection of
1657:
Women in the Field: America's Pioneering Women Naturalists
1148:"This Trailblazing Plant Collector Found Solace in Nature"
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Women in the Field: America's Pioneering Women Naturalists
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spermatophytes). There have been at least two new genera
1047:"Late Bloomer: The Short, Prolific Career of Ynes Mexia"
1541:(Rev. ed.). New York: Facts On File. p. 208.
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Documentation of her expeditions appeared regularly in
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or wax palm, and specific herbs that bind to the soil.
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Begonia ynesiae L.B. Sm. & Wassh. botanical drawing
1316:"Mexia, Ynes Enriquetta Julietta (1870-1938) on JSTOR"
1120:. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 103–114.
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to hire Bracelin as an assistant to Alice Eastwood.
673:is used to indicate this person as the author when
364:In personal correspondence from 1980, the botanist
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1752:Petrusso, Annette (1999), Proffitt, Pamela (ed.),
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1736:The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science
1509:. Berkeley: The University of California Press.
1238:latinonaturalhistory.biodiversityexhibition.com
1713:International Encyclopedia of Women Scientists
1453:"Sierra Club Bulletin - History - Sierra Club"
698:Plant lists, Brazil, Mexico, and South America
610:A large portion of her estate was left to the
434:, the Audubon Association of the Pacific, the
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8:
716:Mrs. Ynes Mexiás Route in Ecuador, 1934-1935
474:at the University of California, Berkeley.
340:In 1928 she was hired to collect plants in
1672:Women Explorers in North and South America
45:
29:
1925:University of California, Berkeley alumni
1427:University and Jepson Herbaria Archives,
1328:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302002
1172:"PCAD - Arequipa Sanatorium, Fairfax, CA"
827:Latinos in science, math, and professions
483:Example specimens collected by YnĂ©s MexĂa
444:Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
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981:"Women in Science: Ynes Mexia 1870-1938"
830:. New York: Facts on File. p. 156.
1507:Brazilian Ferns Collected by Ynes Mexia
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807:
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704:Brazilian ferns collected by Ynes Mexia
570:Brazilian Ferns Collected by YnĂ©s MexĂa
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400:of the Pacific, from 1926 to 1935. The
1960:20th-century American women scientists
1730:Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2000),
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1394:Serrato Marks, Gabriela (4 May 2018).
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1935:20th-century Mexican women scientists
1930:Deaths from lung cancer in California
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1234:"Ynes Mexia | Latino Natural History"
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327:. She collected the type specimen of
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1688:Mongillo, John; Booth, Bibi (2001),
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1538:A to Z of women in science and math
270:In 1938, while on an expedition to
214:, the fifth Catholic Archbishop of
168:(May 24 1870 – July 12 1938) was a
1945:American people of Mexican descent
1659:, Texas A&M University Press,
1429:University of California, Berkeley
1423:"Ynes Mexia collection, 1918-1966"
1260:Harmeet Kaur (15 September 2019).
888:Canada Journal - News of the World
710:Three Thousand Miles up the Amazon
464:University of California, Berkeley
116:University of California, Berkeley
25:
1622:, National Writers Press, Inc.,
1015:Bracelin, H. P. (October 1938).
952:"TSHA | MexĂa de Reygades, YnĂ©s"
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184:. She discovered a new genus of
1955:20th-century Mexican scientists
1950:20th-century American botanists
1595:International Plant Names Index
448:Field Museum of Natural History
1863:Guide to the YnĂ©s MexĂa Papers
1696:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1482:"California Botanical Society"
1314:Shor, Elizabeth Noble (2000).
935:"Research Archive Cal Academy"
692:Botanical Trails in Old Mexico
440:California Academy of Sciences
430:which she joined in 1915, the
384:California Academy of Sciences
166:YnĂ©s Enriquetta Julietta MexĂa
127:California Academy of Sciences
34:YnĂ©s Enriquetta Julietta MexĂa
18:Ynes Enriquetta Julietta Mexia
1:
792:, v.39, n.3, p.310-325, 1985.
622:. MexĂa provided funding for
1920:People from Washington, D.C.
1872:Works by or about Ynes Mexia
1844:Resources in other libraries
1820:Resources in other libraries
1710:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2002),
735:Timeline of women in science
428:California Botanical Society
421:California Botanical Society
342:Mount McKinley National Park
225:, Texas, later to be called
151:Author abbrev. (botany)
1854:MexĂa collection, 1918-1966
775:Advances in Economic Botany
436:Sociedad Geográfica de Lima
333:in December 1926, south of
1976:
1636:Bailey, Martha J. (1994),
1146:Siber, Kate (2019-02-20).
620:environmental conservation
586:Robinson (Compositae) and
478:Accomplishments and legacy
357:. Her work focused on the
1839:Resources in your library
1815:Resources in your library
1639:American Women in Science
1362:Mongillo & Booth 2001
1074:Ogilvie & Harvey 2000
824:Newton, David E. (2007).
456:New York Botanical Garden
355:Department of Agriculture
159:
132:
44:
39:
27:Mexican-American botanist
1940:American women botanists
1758:Notable Women Scientists
1571:"Celebrating YnĂ©s MexĂa"
638:for September 15, 2019.
616:Save the Redwoods League
396:, the newsletter of the
324:Lasianthaea macrocephala
1915:Mexican women botanists
1716:, Facts On File, Inc.,
1692:Environmental Activists
1670:McLoone, Margo (1997),
1618:Anema, Durlynn (2019),
1176:pcad.lib.washington.edu
601:Thomas Harper Goodspeed
528:Delostoma integrifolium
512:Dolichandra unguis-cati
468:U.S. National Arboretum
460:Smithsonian Institution
1780:, Facts on File Inc.,
1655:Bonta, Marcia (1991),
1116:Bonta, Marcia (1991).
722:Camping on the Equator
574:Edwin Bingham Copeland
566:
544:Hypericum laricifolium
299:under the auspices of
291:
1888:, 1965 and 1967, via
777:, v.1, p.34-47, 1984.
762:(underlining added):
648:Unladylike2020 series
642:PBS Short Documentary
624:Vernon Orlando Bailey
562:
558:University of Florida
419:, the journal of the
289:
190:, known after her as
1890:The Bancroft Library
1867:The Bancroft Library
1774:Yount, Lisa (1999),
1535:Yount, Lisa (2008).
1505:Mexia, Ynes (1932).
1457:vault.sierraclub.org
1051:Science Talk Archive
583:Mexianthus mexicanus
403:Sierra Club Bulletin
241:excursions with the
80:Berkeley, California
1760:, Gale Group Inc.,
882:News (2019-09-15).
664:author abbreviation
305:Stanford University
125:Life member of the
1522:, pp. 248–49.
1379:, pp. 391–92.
1364:, pp. 179–80.
1097:, pp. 150–51.
1076:, pp. 889–90.
1035:– via JSTOR.
956:www.tshaonline.org
912:has generic name (
589:Spumula quadrifida
554:history of science
496:Arbutus xalapensis
408:2019-02-26 at the
380:Nina Floy Bracelin
366:John Thomas Howell
315:Joseph Nelson Rose
292:
208:JosĂ© Antonio MexĂa
1801:Library resources
1629:978-0-88100-170-9
1548:978-0-8160-6695-7
1349:, pp. 23–30.
837:978-0-8160-6385-7
786:Manihot esculenta
773:(Euphorbiaceae).
771:Manihot esculenta
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134:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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319:Zexmenia mexiae,
303:, a botanist at
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76:(aged 68)
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636:Google Doodle
630:Google Doodle
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310:Mimosa mexiae
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105:United States
104:
100:
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93:
90:
86:
81:
72:July 12, 1938
71:
67:
62:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1856:held by the
1834:Online books
1827:
1805:
1776:
1757:
1754:"Ynes Mexia"
1735:
1732:"Ynes Mexia"
1712:
1691:
1674:, Capstone,
1671:
1656:
1642:, ABC-CLIO,
1638:
1619:
1612:Bibliography
1599:
1589:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:
1565:
1537:
1515:
1506:
1500:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:the original
1456:
1433:. Retrieved
1426:
1403:. Retrieved
1399:
1347:McLoone 1997
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1319:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:
1241:. Retrieved
1237:
1208:. Retrieved
1204:
1201:"YnĂ©s MexĂa"
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:
1117:
1055:. Retrieved
1053:. 2015-02-26
1050:
1041:
1024:
1020:
1017:"YNES MEXIA"
988:. Retrieved
984:
959:. Retrieved
955:
946:
891:. Retrieved
887:
826:
789:
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754:
721:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
686:Publications
650:produced by
645:
633:
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494:
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414:
401:
393:
391:
388:
378:
374:Model T Ford
363:
339:
328:
322:
318:
308:
293:
269:
258:
247:
239:
235:
220:
205:
191:
185:
165:
164:
133:
74:(1938-07-12)
57:May 24, 1870
1910:1938 deaths
1905:1870 births
1600: Mexia
1520:Bailey 1994
910:|last=
618:to further
612:Sierra Club
576:, in 1932.
432:Sierra Club
347:Araguarunas
243:Sierra Club
231:Emmittsburg
102:Citizenship
88:Nationality
1899:Categories
1806:Ynes Mexia
1703:0313308845
1580:2020-10-09
1491:2020-10-09
1467:2020-10-09
1435:2020-01-21
1405:2019-10-21
1333:2020-01-31
1295:2020-10-10
1271:2020-10-09
1243:2020-01-31
1210:2020-10-12
1181:2020-10-12
1157:2020-03-02
1127:0890964890
1095:Yount 1999
1057:2020-01-30
990:2020-10-08
961:2020-10-12
893:2020-01-30
802:References
767:Araguaruna
466:, and the
438:, and the
330:Mexianthus
321:now named
193:Mexianthus
187:Asteraceae
40:YnĂ©s MexĂa
1557:144330722
985:Daily Kos
740:Botanists
223:Limestone
216:Baltimore
202:Biography
1033:41423462
902:cite web
846:69679980
782:Aguaruna
729:See also
700:. (1930)
654:for the
614:and the
406:Archived
394:The Gull
359:cinchona
265:knickers
174:Colombia
96:American
1874:at the
1021:Madroño
572:, with
556:at the
416:Madrono
92:Mexican
1803:about
1784:
1764:
1742:
1720:
1700:
1678:
1663:
1646:
1626:
1555:
1545:
1124:
1031:
844:
834:
724:(1937)
718:(1936)
712:(1933)
694:(1929)
675:citing
462:, the
458:, the
454:, the
450:, the
446:, the
297:Mexico
282:Career
272:Oaxaca
180:, and
178:Mexico
144:Botany
140:Fields
122:Awards
107:Mexico
1029:JSTOR
938:(PDF)
746:Notes
669:Mexia
605:Andes
227:Mexia
155:Mexia
1782:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1698:ISBN
1676:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1624:ISBN
1553:OCLC
1543:ISBN
1122:ISBN
914:help
842:OCLC
832:ISBN
652:WNET
182:Peru
69:Died
54:Born
1865:at
1324:doi
1266:CNN
656:PBS
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