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467:
could be achieved through having a healthy mind and body. In the 1930s, Yun decided to enter the independence movement in earnest and moved to
Manchuria. At first, he tried to become an independent army, but at that time, Manchuria's independence forces were divided into several branches and suffered a period of stagnation. In response, Yun went to Shanghai, where the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea is located.
57:
1348:
449:. It was used at evening classes to teach literacy to poor young adults who could not attend school in rural areas. He also founded a group called "Re-invigoration" to promote the revival of farming villages. After successfully organizing a well-attended rural cultural festival in which he performed a sketch entitled "
466:
Despite the surveillance, Yun continued his activities and was appointed chairman of a
Farmers' Association. Promoted through the Suam Sports Council to improve the health of farmers, he also created rural sports clubs because he believed that rural development and the spirit of national independence
815:
On the other hand, at the "International
Research Conference in Memory of the 70th Anniversary of Yun Bong-gil & Lee Bong-chang's Patriotic Acts", held on 29 April 2002 in Shanghai, some scholars present pointed out that Yun's patriotic acts have distinct differences from modern day terrorism,
812:, concurred with Karlsson's explanation and wrote in her academic article, "If we accept the literal dictionary definition of the term terrorists as partisan, member of a resistance organization or guerrilla force using acts of violence then Yoo was self-evidently a terrorist."
475:
After being briefly arrested and sent to prison, Yun fled to
Manchuria. In a letter he left behind he wrote: "I will not return home alive with the belief that I must die for my country and do something big". In China he met fellow activists Kim Tae-sik and Han Il-jin from the
499:. He travelled alone through Dalian, south of the Liaodong Peninsula, to Qingdao, Shandong Province where he worked at a factory run by Park Jin, a Korean businessman, to save money. In August 1931, he finally arrived in Shanghai and stayed at the home of
411:. He enrolled in Deoksan Elementary School in 1918, but the following year he dropped out after refusing colonial education. Also he studied in Ochi Seosuk (a village school that taught Korean and Chinese). As Korea had been made a protectorate within the
816:
which targets civilians. Yun only attacked the
Japanese top military and political officials attending the event, and no other civilians were hurt by the bombing. To protect civilians, Yun waited until all the diplomats had left the scene.
430:
By 1926 Yun had become an independence activist, starting evening classes in his home town to help educate people from rural communities about the issues. At the age of 20, he had organized a reading club and published several pamphlets.
1515:
1361:尹奉吉的义举不能与当代被世人所谴责的恐怖活动相提并论。现代的恐怖活动是伤害无辜的平民百姓, 制造恐怖的气氛。而尹奉吉的刺杀行动是针对日本侵略者的头目, 是反抗侵略和压迫的正义行动, 他没有伤及任何一个无辜的平民百姓。当时, 尹奉吉为了不伤害无辜, 他冒着被发现的危险, 等到各国外交人员全部离开之后,才扔出炸弹。......义烈斗争并非简单的个人的恐怖行动, 它是韩国独立运动的一种方略, 在当时的历史条件下,是唯一能选择的斗争方式。
804:, dismissed Karlsson's description as the "view of Westerners". Later, he explained his purpose was to highlight "how the implications of the 'terrorism' have changed over the course of the past century". In 2013,
1505:
789:
In South Korea, discussion on whether Yun's bombing attack in 1932 would have been considered terrorism in a modern context is a sensitive issue. In 2007, Anders
Karlsson, a visiting Swedish scholar from
423:
in 1919 that was aggressively crushed by the
Japanese authorities (hundreds of protesters were massacred by the Japanese police force and army). The brutal repression that followed made many activists
518:
I make this oath as a member of Korean
Patriotic Association to kill the military leaders of the enemy who are invading Korea in order to redeem the independence and freedom of our country.
651:, disapproved of the incident and Kim Gu's strategy of assassinations as a means to achieve independence because the Japanese could use such attacks to justify their oppression in Korea.
643:
government, praised Yun's actions, stating he was "a young Korean patriot who has accomplished something tens of thousands of
Chinese soldiers could not do". However the future
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483:
1500:
533:
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445:
In 1928, he had become involved in several rural social movements, which were known as "farmers' enlightenment and reading societies". Yun wrote a textbook called
1328:
Tessa Morris-Suzuki (2013). "Heroes collaborators and survivors: Korean kamikaze pilots and the ghosts of wars in Japan and Korea". ANU Research
Publications.
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794:, compared Yun Bong-gil and Kim Gu to terrorists in his lecture on Korean history. His comparison provoked strong criticism from the newspaper
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in exile in Taiwan, wrote a prose to applaud Yun's action at the request of Yun's biographer, which was not revealed until 18 Dec 2013.
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Yun headed for Shanghai, judging that he would be able to push for a successful independence movement only if he went directly to the
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1530:
1520:
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416:
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888:
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281:
214:
781:, Japan, a monument was built on the site where Yun Bong-gil was buried after being executed by the Imperial Japanese Army.
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328:
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125:
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In May 1946, Korean residents in Japan exhumed Yun's remains from Nodayama cemetery. After being transferred to
1406:
1123:
747:
Yun Bong-gil Memorial Hall was built in commemoration of the 55th anniversary of his death. It is located in
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644:
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in Korea tasked with investigating people and political groups that might threaten the Empire of Japan.
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38:
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After being convicted by a Japanese military court in Shanghai on 25 May, he was transferred to
352:, in which he set off a bomb that killed two Japanese colonial government and army officials in
1401:
571:, who died of his injuries on 26 May 1932. Among the seriously injured were Lieutenant General
544:
On 29 April 1932, Yun took a bomb disguised as a water bottle to a celebration arranged by the
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580:
56:
1329:
1109:
1053:
830:
511:, the leader of Korea's government-in-exile pledging to work for the independence of Korea.
424:
420:
1525:
636:
412:
318:
114:
556:, Shanghai. The bomb killed the government minister for Japanese residents in Shanghai,
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in 1905, Yun grew up in a troubled country. Local resistance grew considerably with the
853:
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1253:
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posthumously bestowed on him the Republic of Korea Cordon (the highest honor) of the
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572:
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33:
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1076:"Peace Talks Postponed.; SHANGHAI BOMBING HALTS PEACE TALKS (Published 1932)"
17:
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Yun then tried to kill himself by detonating a second bomb disguised in a
771:
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who lost an eye. The Japanese Consul-General in Shanghai, Kuramatsu Murai
549:
388:
380:
353:
332:
242:
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on 19 December. His body was buried in Nodayama cemetery in Kanazawa.
507:. Yun also studied English at the Shanghai English School. He visited
360:) in 1932. He was posthumously awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of
286:
219:
204:
201:
198:
508:
249:
174:
1296:"Foreign Professor Calls Kim Gu, Yun Bong-gil 'Terrorists': Report"
756:
714:
623:: the headquarters of the IJA's 9th Division. Yun was executed by
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532:
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1374:
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883:
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Members of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
965:. Ministry of Patriots & Veterans Affairs. 29 April 2008.
766:
There is also a memorial hall called the Plum Pavilion in
300:
233:
1506:
Recipients of the Order of Merit for National Foundation
963:"In memory of Yun Bong-gil and His Bombing in Shanghai"
717:, they were given Korean funeral rites and reburied in
607:. It did not explode and he was arrested at the scene.
583:, Japanese Envoy in Shanghai, who each lost a leg, and
735:
On 27 March 1968, Chiang Kai-shek, the president of
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441:, the textbook written by Yun for rural education
763:is 'Maeheon' which is named after his pen name.
516:
497:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
600:, was seriously injured in the head and body.
593:
1323:
1321:
8:
635:The then-President of the Chinese Republic,
619:prison on 18 November. He was then moved to
487:Yun Bong-gil with the pledge he made to the
340:
322:
271:
255:
196:
180:
774:where the bomb throwing incident happened.
427:. In 1921, Yun began studying mathematics.
695:Memorials to Yun Bong-gil in South Korea (
55:
44:
800:. Prof. Jeong Byeong-jun, interviewed by
327:; 21 June 1908 – 19 December 1932) was a
1501:People executed by Japan by firing squad
808:, an English historian and professor at
482:
364:in 1962 by the South Korean government.
27:Korean independence activist (1908–1932)
1375:"'이몽', 윤봉길 의사 등장…일왕에 폭탄 투척 "뜨거운 하이라이트""
875:
399:Yun Bong-gil was born in June 1908, in
348:He is most notable for his role in the
1150:"The emotional ties that bind forever"
957:
955:
730:Order of Merit for National Foundation
362:Order of Merit for National Foundation
159:Order of Merit for National Foundation
1047:
1045:
367:Yun Bong-gil memorials were built in
7:
514:The pledge he made read as follows:
1496:People convicted of murder by Japan
579:of the Imperial Japanese Army, and
540:after the bombing on 29 April 1932.
453:", he came to the attention of the
1223:[Hyochang Park in Seoul].
1152:. chinadailyasia.com. 27 May 2014.
1130:from the original on 6 August 2018
1108:. 14 December 2017. Archived from
864:Assassination attempts on Hirohito
25:
1476:Korean people convicted of murder
1466:20th-century executions by Japan
1169:Cultural Heritage Administration
940:. Britannica Online Encyclopedia
761:Yangjae Citizen's Forest Station
685:
674:
663:
1433:Website devoted to Yun Bong-gil
1402:"'이몽', 윤봉길 의사 투탄 의거 재조명…묵직한 울림"
1192:"그냥 지나칠 수 없는 '효창공원 다섯 무궁화 이야기'"
567:, and mortally wounded General
1400:Yoo, Jung-hee (24 June 2019).
1373:Lee, Mi-young (22 June 2019).
1282:"Naver Knowledge encyclopedia"
1226:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
889:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
828:in the 2019 television series
810:Australian National University
419:in 1910. It culminated in the
341:
323:
272:
256:
197:
181:
1:
1349:"上海召开"纪念尹奉吉、李奉昌义举70周年国际学术会议""
1200:Seoul Metropolitan Government
1060:. Algora Publishing. p.
1471:Korean nationalist assassins
849:Korean independence movement
759:Yangjaedong. Second name of
478:Korean independence movement
329:Korean independence activist
1353:Contemporary Korea (《当代韩国》)
859:Sakuradamon Incident (1932)
301:
287:
234:
220:
85:South Ch'ungch'ong Province
1547:
1248:백, 성호 (19 December 2013).
1126:. 中央日报. 19 December 2013.
792:SOAS, University of London
588:Admiral Kichisaburō Nomura
548:(IJA) in honor of Emperor
526:
405:South Chungcheong Province
31:
1481:Korean resistance members
1438:Execution of Yun Bong-gil
1056:The Unfinished War: Korea
844:Korea under Japanese rule
594:
308:
164:
126:Execution by firing squad
54:
1531:Burials at Hyochang Park
1521:People from Yesan County
1407:The Korea Economic Daily
1250:""윤봉길 길이 빛나리" 장제스 헌시 공개"
886:[Yun Bong-gil].
749:Yangjae Citizen's Forest
611:Sentencing and execution
1124:""尹奉吉之伟业永垂不朽" 蒋介石献诗被公开"
1030:. World War II Database
726:South Korean government
575:, the commander of the
456:Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu
1190:최, 용수 (17 June 2021).
1164:"Hyochang Park, Seoul"
938:"March First Movement"
645:South Korean president
546:Imperial Japanese Army
541:
520:
492:
489:Korean Patriotic Corps
451:The Rabbit and the Fox
442:
724:On 1 March 1962, the
536:
529:Hongkou Park Incident
523:Hongkou Park Incident
486:
437:
356:'s Hongkou Park (now
350:Hongkou Park Incident
36:, the family name is
1268:"About Yun Bong-gil"
1196:mediahub.seoul.go.kr
785:Modern re-evaluation
491:pinned to his chest.
282:Revised Romanization
215:Revised Romanization
806:Tessa Morris-Suzuki
655:Funeral and honours
569:Yoshinori Shirakawa
417:annexation of Korea
122:Cause of death
111:Ishikawa Prefecture
1491:Executed activists
1486:Executed assassins
1080:The New York Times
1052:Lee, Bong (2003).
820:In popular culture
779:Kanazawa, Ishikawa
621:Kanazawa, Ishikawa
542:
493:
443:
1511:Papyeong Yun clan
1300:The Marmot's Hole
1221:"서울 효창공원 (─孝昌公園)"
1112:on 2 August 2018.
824:Yun is played by
737:Republic of China
581:Mamoru Shigemitsu
312:
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296:McCune–Reischauer
229:McCune–Reischauer
145:Nodayama Cemetery
16:(Redirected from
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1302:. Archived from
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1082:. 30 April 1932
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1006:terms.naver.com
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552:'s birthday at
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447:Farmers Readers
439:Farmers Readers
425:flee into China
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1355:(in Chinese).
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1306:on 30 May 2015
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1106:Beijing Digest
1102:"韩国临时政府在华二十六年"
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1028:"Yun Bong-gil"
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719:Hyochang Park
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703:) and Japan (
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1342:
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1304:the original
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401:Yesan County
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375:and Yesan),
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315:Yun Bong-gil
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132:Burial place
101:(1932-12-19)
81:Yesan County
77:21 June 1908
49:Yun Bong-gil
37:
29:
1461:1932 deaths
1456:1908 births
1414:1 September
1410:(in Korean)
1385:1 September
1381:(in Korean)
1229:(in Korean)
1008:(in Korean)
982:(in Korean)
918:(in Korean)
892:(in Korean)
768:Lu Xun Park
561: [
369:South Korea
358:Lu Xun Park
321::
235:Yun Ponggil
169:Korean name
147:(1932–1946)
61:Yun in 1932
34:Korean name
1450:Categories
1334:1885/49976
884:"윤봉길(尹奉吉)"
870:References
699:), China (
641:Kuomintang
395:Early life
73:1908-06-21
1086:15 August
896:17 August
753:Seocho-gu
743:Memorials
605:bento box
1134:6 August
1128:Archived
838:See also
772:Shanghai
550:Hirohito
389:Kanazawa
381:Shanghai
354:Shanghai
333:art name
243:Art name
107:Kanazawa
32:In this
1379:inews24
1233:17 July
1205:17 July
1175:17 July
986:16 June
639:of the
503:in the
337:Maeheon
288:Maeheon
141:(1946–)
1526:Kim Ku
1310:20 May
1034:2 June
1012:30 May
944:2 June
922:22 May
705:bottom
701:middle
631:Legacy
509:Kim Gu
383:) and
331:. His
319:Korean
302:Maehŏn
250:Hangul
175:Hangul
155:Awards
1002:"윤봉길"
980:"윤봉길"
912:"윤봉길"
757:Seoul
715:Seoul
617:Osaka
565:]
471:China
385:Japan
377:China
373:Seoul
266:Hanja
191:Hanja
1416:2021
1387:2021
1312:2015
1235:2023
1207:2023
1177:2023
1136:2018
1088:2023
1036:2015
1014:2021
988:2018
946:2015
924:2021
898:2023
595:村井倉松
96:Died
67:Born
1330:hdl
777:In
697:top
585:IJN
391:).
345:).
335:is
324:윤봉길
182:윤봉길
39:Yun
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202:奉
199:尹
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