1401:
a job as a librarian. He was received into the Roman
Catholic Church and married Diana Pollard, but later left her for the wife of a good friend. He failed in an attempt to become a bus conductor, suffered a schizophrenic breakdown and spent time in a mental hospital. His notes from Wittgenstein's lectures were published, and he also wrote a very negative review of Bertrand Russell's History of Western Philosophy. IM modelled Hugo Belfounder in Under the Net on him and when he died in 1980, she recorded the death in the novel she was writing, The Philosopher's Pupil, as the death of Hugo Belfounder.
969:. The friends debated whether or not Father Conrad should proceed with prayers and rituals and the usual rites for the dying. It is clear that they did not regard Wittgenstein as obviously opposed to Christianity, but not exactly a Christian either. Eventually they decided to proceed since, as Drury remembered, Wittgenstein hoped that his friends prayed for him. In 1944, Wittgenstein remarked, 'I seem to be surrounded now by Roman Catholic converts! I don't know whether they pray for me. I hope they do.' Wittgenstein died that morning and was given a Catholic burial at
1595:
Diana
Smythies recalled that although she didn't have any particular wish for this adventure, it was difficult to refuse, ... Diana Smythies carried secret papers for Franco hidden in a copy of Vogue, feeling 'very unreal'... The mission was completed successfully ... and the course of the war changed ... later offered a decoration of 'Golden or Red Arrows' by Franco for efforts .... However, Diana Smythies wanted no further involvement with the war, 'I thought, never again, no more adventures of this kind'.
1556:'Diana's politics were very much to the left of her father's.... She was certainly not an admirer of Franco. She said to me that they had fallen on the wrong side. I think she had the idea that she was not being told everything ... Yorick was a very pleasant man and a great philosopher but my uncle was very much a military man and he didn't want to fraternise with Yorick' ... The marriage did not last but Diana Smythies continued to live in North Oxford for the rest of her life. She died in 2003.
1148:, Smythies wrote, 'embodies what seem to me the worst features of Lord Russell's previous more journalistic works, but it is of poorer quality than any of these'. Severely criticising both the style and content of the book, Smythies concluded: 'I fear that Lord Russell's book will teach successfully a popular substitute for thinking and for knowledge, and that it will both appeal to and stimulate slipshod thinking.'
1363:
ceased to think seriously and deeply about philosophical problems. He remained a close friend of
Wittgenstein's for the rest of Wittgenstein's life. When he left Cambridge he became a librarian at Oxford. In later life he suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and became a patient of Maurice Drury. He died in tragic circumstances ...
205:, that "Smythies will never get a lectureship. He is too serious." And, indeed, though Smythies did go on to teach philosophy for Oxford's Advanced Student Summer Courses between 1955 and 1957, he never became a professional lecturer and worked mainly as a librarian (latterly at the department of social studies at the
30:
156:
1939/1940 and took some further notes during a temporary return to
Cambridge between late 1940 and early 1941. (Though Smythies attended lectures by Wittgenstein between 1945 and 1947, according to Volker A. Munz, he "seems to have made little or no notes" during this last period of Wittgenstein's professorship.)
1400:
gained a First in philosophy and was a conscientious objector during the war. His father had been a distinguished RAF pilot who was killed in a flying accident. Smythies himself suffered from crippling timidity and only once went abroad. Wittgenstein wrote a warm testimonial for him, helping him find
640:
While taking off in an aeroplane recently, at North Weald
Aerodrome, Essex, Wing-Commander B. E. Smythies, D.F.C., struck a cricket-pitch roller which he had not seen, states the 'Daily Mail'. The impact caused the machine to burst into flames. The mechanic, A.C. Holben, was slightly injured and got
560:
Yorick
Smythies, another first cousin of my father, was a devoted amanuensis of the philosopher Wittgenstein.. dissuaded by Wittgenstein (along with most of his other pupils) from a career in philosophy, Yorick worked as a librarian in the Oxford forestry department ... He had eccentric habits, took
1594:
eighteen-year-old daughter, Diana
Smythies ... acted as 'camouflage' in a plan to fly Franco from his semi-banishment in the Canary Isles to North Africa... taking her best summer apparel ... in order to act the part of a tourist and make it ... more convincing that the group were on holiday. ...
254:
Deciding to become a
Christian is like deciding to give up walking on the ground and do tight-rope walking instead, where nothing is more easy than to slip and every slip can be fatal. … I cannot applaud your decision to go in for rope walking, because I have always stayed on the ground myself, I
1555:
Diana had married Yorick in Oxford early in 1944. It is easy to see why he and Hugh
Pollard might not get along. Yorick was a pacifist philosopher, ... and a friend of the novelist Iris Murdoch, who described him as ... pure of heart. ... Diana's cousin Colin Davis has fond memories of her: ...
1362:
Smythies is one of those mysterious figures who are referred to repeatedly in the published texts, but about whom little is ever said. He was a devoted disciple of
Wittgenstein's and a truly Wittgensteinian character in the sense that, though he never became a professional philosopher, he never
272:
is disputed by Volker A. Munz. Neither Monk nor Munz offer any explanation for why Smythies might been thought to suffer from this condition, nor, accordingly, does Munz offer any alternative diagnosis. Conradi however identifies a "schizophrenic breakdown" as the cause of Yorick 'hiding behind
155:
Wittgenstein was absent from Cambridge academic life from the autumn of 1936. He returned in early 1938 and Smythies began to take more detailed notes of his lectures from that year. And (although Smythies completed his formal studies in 1939) he continued to do so through the academic year of
1469:
my cousin Yorick Smythies ... did not suffer from paranoid schizophrenia ... it is clear that his original symptom was depression for which his doctor unfortunately prescribed amphetamines to which Yorick became addicted ... and subsequently he developed a wholly iatrogenic chronic paranoid
561:
to snuff and Roman Catholicism, and died tragically. ... Yorick, as I have already mentioned, was eccentric and possibly unhappy; but then, he went to Harrow, which – to say nothing of the pressures of association with Wittgenstein - might explain everything.
159:
Being one of the few students Wittgenstein allowed to take lecture notes (and, at times, the only one), his notes became key sources for the reconstruction of Wittgenstein's lectures. During his lifetime, some of Smythies' notes were incorporated into
641:
free, but Wing-Commander Smythies was so badly burend that he died 15 minutes later. Wing-Commander Smythies won the D.F.C. for his war service in France.This year he was awarded the first prize in the R. N. Groves Memorial Essay competition.
331:
Britton (the ex-wife of Barry Pink, a friend to both Wittgenstein and Yorick) by whom Yorick had already had a son Daniel in 1963. Peg would survive Yorick and go on to marry another friend and former student of Wittgenstein, the philosopher
185:
Smythies also became a close friend to Wittgenstein. They conducted an intense written correspondence (most of it now thought lost). And Smythies was, with a few other former students, at Wittgenstein's bedside around the time of his death.
242:, Smythies was a convert to Catholicism. Though Wittgenstein had been raised a Catholic, he was not a religious believer and said "I could not possibly bring myself to believe all the things that they believe." Wittgenstein reported, to
121:
on 17 June 1930. As well as being survived by his wife, son, and brother, Bernard "Bunny" Smythies would be survived by his father Arthur Smythies (1847- 1934) and by his daughter, Yorick's younger sister. Yorick was educated at
161:
152:'s 1935 lecture course on logic. Smythies also attended Wittgenstein's lectures in the academic year 1935/36 but (Wittgenstein not normally allowing students to take them in class) his notes of those lectures are sketchy.
516:
Born: 9 Dec 1886, Dehradum India, Marriage: Kate Marjorie GOULDSMITH .. on 18 May 1916 in Holy Trinity Brompton Road Kensington, Died: 17 Jun 1930, North Weald ESS aged 43 ... in a tragic flying accident
1569:
1530:
611:
BERNARD EDWARD SMYTHIES / D.F.C. WING COMMANDER WHO SERVED / IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE THROUGHOUT THE WAR / 1914 – 1918 & WAS KILLED WHILE FLYING AT NORTH / WEALD ESSEX ON THE 17TH JUNE 1930 AGED 43
796:
We note that Yorick Smythics, Wittgenstein's main amenuensis for his lectures 1938-1941... took down notes of Max Newman's 1935 logic course (now located at St. John's College, Library, Cambridge).
1136:
Russell was hurt, disappointed and bewildered by the cool reception his work received from philosophers in the period after the Second World War. He kept a copy of Malcolm's review of
255:
have no right to encourage another man in such an enterprise. … I’m really interested in what sort of a man you are and will be. This will, for me, be the eating of the pudding.
1800:
The centre of gravity of the novel is a philosopher named Hugo Belfounder, based upon Iris's friend Yorick Smythies, who had been a pupil and friend of Ludwig Wittgenstein.
352:
Volker A. Munz, insists (contrary to the claims of Ray Monk) that "there were no tragic circumstances" surrounding Smythies death, reporting: "Having been afflicted with
1034:
691:
577:
1038:
695:
581:
1030:
573:
135:
98:
1909:
1904:
273:
trees' and "making strange utterances" and mentions time spent by him in a mental hospital. An explanation is offered by Yorick's first cousin, the
230:
records, particularly "scathing" (and one Russell kept a copy of). Wittgenstein told Smythies he had read the review, writing "and it isn’t bad."
736:
308:
Smythies married his first wife Diana Pollard (known as 'Polly') in 1944, in Oxford. Diana was the daughter of the British Intelligence officer
182:
where Wittgenstein's lectures were held) were only published in 2017 under the editorship of Volker A. Munz and his assistant Bernhard Ritter.
1793:
1355:
1323:
1092:
1065:
819:
64:
known for his notes of the philosopher's lectures. He was also a friend of, and character inspiration for, the novelist (and philosopher)
776:. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Vol. 324. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 124 (fn.60).
712:
309:
487:
Born: 1892.. Marriage: Cmdr Bernard Edward SMYTHIES DFC ... on 18 May 1916 in Holy Trinity Brompton Road Kensington, Died: 1975 aged 83
356:
for about five years and knowing not to live much longer he died in 1980." Yorick is registered as dying late that year, in, or near,
741:, Volker A. Munz, From the ALWS archives: A selection of papers from the International Wittgenstein Symposia in Kirchberg am Wechsel"
1540:
1393:
1006:
950:
916:
789:
664:
545:
312:
and had, aged eighteen, accompanied her father in posing as tourists to 'camouflage' the covert flight from England that collected
1864:
1160:
1878:
317:
218:
170:(1976) both being works edited by others. Further notes of Wittgenstein's lectures taken by Smythies were published in 1988 as
1579:
1121:
970:
1706:
460:, and Kate Marjorie ("Joe"), younger daughter of Mr and Mrs. W. A. Gouldsmith, of The Bungalow, Shanklin, Isle of Wight."
1756:
1208:, 'Late Twentieth-Century Reception of Aquinas in Analytical Philosophy', in Matthew Levering, and Marcus Plested (eds),
442:
89:
where Yorick's maternal grandparents were living at the time. Yorick was the first child of Kate Marjorie "Joe" Smythies
142:
1914:
1205:
380:
179:
1731:
745:
From the Alws Archives: A Selection of Papers from the International Wittgenstein Symposia in Kirchberg Am Wechsel
962:
337:
297:
243:
808:
Matthias Baaz; Christos H. Papadimitriou; Hilary W. Putnam; Dana S. Scott; Charles L. Harper, Jr (6 June 2011).
1854:
246:, that he felt partly responsible for Smythies' religious conversion because he had advised Smythies to read
29:
1268:
1344:
1841:
1668:
1082:
986:
289:
277:
534:
1817:
1226:
991:
Wittgenstein's Whewell's Court Lectures : Cambridge, 1938-1941, from the notes by Yorick Smythies
748:
1899:
1894:
1426:
1315:
The selected writings of Maurice O'Connor Drury: on Wittgenstein, philosophy, religion and psychiatry
654:
206:
118:
1831:
419:
190:
61:
1058:
Wittgenstein's Whewell's Court Lectures: Cambridge, 1938 - 1941, From the Notes by Yorick Smythies
908:
897:"Holy Fool and Magus: The Uses of Discipleship in Under the Net and The Flight from the Enchanter"
1859:
Wittgenstein's Whewell's Court Lectures: Cambridge, 1938–1941, From the Notes by Yorick Smythies,
1846:
1688:
1460:
1024:
866:
685:
567:
453:
202:
1847:
Wittgenstein's Whewell's Court Lectures: Cambridge, 1938–1941, From the Notes by Yorick Smythies
1498:
500:
471:
174:
However, a large body of notes, mostly from the period 1938 to 1940, which Smythies called the
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1444:
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958:
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551:
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284:
for depression, Yorick Smythies became dependent on them and subsequently developed a "wholly
239:
198:
940:
836:
336:. Peg would also survive Rhees (who died in 1989) dying in May 2014 having lived latterly in
212:
And although he wrote philosophy of his own, some intended for publication, only a review of
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1176:
994:
904:
848:
777:
313:
265:
213:
449:
357:
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194:
114:
110:
102:
1607:
1430:
106:
595:
1888:
1287:
1110:
966:
870:
679:
I also suspect that the spelling "Escalibur" is Smythies-Harrovian taken down by ear.
501:"The King's Candlesticks: Pedigrees Cmdr Bernard Edward SMYTHIES DFC [22382]"
457:
370:
269:
123:
86:
1464:
375:
321:
293:
65:
998:
1532:
Franco's Friends: How British Intelligence Helped Bring Franco to Power in Spain
378:. When Smythies died in 1980 Murdoch wrote the character's death into her novel
281:
247:
1144:, written by another of Wittgenstein's friends and disciples, Yorick Smythies.
1140:, which he annotated, and a copy of an even more scathing review, this time of
1514:
Born: 1916, Marriage: Yorick SMYTHIES .. in 1944 in Oxford, Died: 2003 aged 87
1245:
781:
333:
285:
149:
1684:
1550:
1448:
1295:
1253:
1131:
1016:
862:
674:
659:. Bergen: The Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen. p. 43.
623:
555:
472:"The King's Candlesticks: Pedigrees Kate Marjorie GOULDSMITH [22383]"
280:
who, also disputing Monk's claims of schizophrenia, claimed that, prescribed
222:
is known to have been published during his lifetime. Smythies' review of the
1589:
353:
94:
853:
1456:
320:
in 1936. The marriage would end in divorce but Diana continued to live in
193:, and taught philosophy part-time at Oxford in 1944 (on the philosophy of
227:
163:
Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief
82:
1692:
1499:"The King's Candlesticks: Pedigrees Diana Helen POLLARD [22430]"
739:
Ludwig Wittgenstein and Yorick Smythies. A hitherto Unknown Relationship
993:. Munz, Volker A.,, Ritter, Bernhard, 1973-. Malden, MA. pp. xvi.
536:
An Appetite for Wonder : the making of a scientist : a memoir
420:"Yorick Smythies (1917–1980) | Wittgenstein's Whewell's Court Lectures"
368:
Smythies was the basis for the character Hugo Belfounder in the novel
1439:
1414:
341:
138:
1637:
1054:"Wittgenstein's Reply to a Paper by Y. Smythies on 'Understanding'"
327:
In 1974 Smythies married his second wife, Margaret 'Peg' Smythies
316:
from his 'semi-banishment' in the Canary Islands and took him to
811:
Kurt Gödel and the Foundations of Mathematics: Horizons of Truth
1227:"Wittgenstein on the Gulf Between Believers and Non-Believers"
957:
That night of 28 April 1951, he lost consciousness. When Ben,
1161:
review of Bertrand Russell, The History of Western Philosophy
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
1192:
Wittgenstein to Smythies, 27 July 1947, in McGuinness, ed.,
448:"An engagement is announced between Captain B. E. Smythies,
268:
and Valerie Purton) that Smythies suffered from (paranoid)
1785:
The Angry Years: The Rise and Fall of the Angry Young Men
527:
525:
201:, recalls Wittgenstein saying, in a 1949 conversation at
1872:
Conradi, Peter J. “Did Iris Murdoch Draw From Life?” In
145:
in 1935, graduating with a First in philosophy in 1939.
1081:
Bouwsma, O. K.; Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1 January 1986).
773:
Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing
1844:(including the Preface and Editorial Introduction) to
60:(21 February 1917 – 1980) was a student and friend of
707:
705:
1312:Drury, Maurice O'Connor (2018). Hayes, John (ed.).
47:
39:
20:
1343:
1109:
533:
1482:Berman, David; Fitzgerald, Michael, eds. (1996).
1318:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 428–429.
1484:The Danger of Words and writings on Wittgenstein
1183:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019, p. 613
1181:Witcraft: The Invention of Philosophy in English
1112:Bertrand Russell: The Ghost Of Madness 1921-1970
446:. King Sell & Olding, Limited. 8 March 1916.
81:Yorick Smythies was born on 21 February 1917 in
1861:(2017) Volker A. Munz and Bernhard Ritter (ed.)
1851:(2017) Volker A. Munz and Bernhard Ritter (ed.)
1632:
1630:
1628:
1210:The Oxford Handbook of the Reception of Aquinas
148:Smythies attended, and took detailed notes of,
1524:
1522:
250:. Wittgenstein wrote to Smythies in 1944 thus:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
903:. Oxford University Press. pp. 125–126.
770:Floyd, Juliet; Bokulich, Alisa, eds. (2017).
438:
436:
117:pilot who was killed in a flying accident at
113:' paternal grandmother Enid, was a decorated
8:
985:Smythies, Yorick, 1917-1980 (5 April 2017).
713:King's College, Cambridge Annual Report 2008
690:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1060:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 187–188.
1033:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
814:. Cambridge University Press. p. 152.
576:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1037:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1029:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
890:
888:
886:
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882:
880:
694:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
580:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
572:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
189:Smythies delivered talks to the Cambridge
168:Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics
28:
17:
1438:
909:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199289905.003.0004
852:
628:Daily News (Perth, WA : 1882 - 1950)
1855:Lectures on Knowledge ⟨Easter Term 1938)
1662:
1660:
1658:
1836:Wittgenstein's Whewell's Court Lectures
1834:by Volker A. Munz and Bernhard Ritter (
1571:British Women and the Spanish Civil War
1346:Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius
1337:
1335:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
393:
1535:. London: Biteback. pp. 166–167.
1084:Wittgenstein: Conversations, 1949-1951
1022:
837:"The Wittgenstein Lectures, Revisited"
683:
565:
296:, Smythies consulted the psychiatrist
1865:Yorick Smythies' review of Russell's
1574:. London: Routledge. pp. 88–89.
1307:
1305:
835:Klagge, James C. (19 December 2019).
624:"CRASHED INTO ROLLER - Airman Killed"
7:
1267:Schroeder, Severin (December 2007).
1179:. "1951. A Collection of Nonsense".
456:, son of Mr. and Mrs A. Smythies of
300:about his "schizophrenic episodes".
1116:. London: Free Press. p. 296.
965:arrived, Smythies had also invited
418:Munz, Volker A.; Ritter, Bernhard.
1350:. Random House. pp. 402–403.
1087:. Hackett Publishing. p. 10.
1052:Smythies, Yorick (31 March 2017).
656:Wittgenstein's Progress, 1929-1951
540:. London. pp. 12–13, 23–24 .
105:. Bernard, the younger brother of
14:
1910:20th-century English philosophers
596:"Wing Commander B E Smythies DFC"
34:Yorick Smythies (by Peg Smythies)
1905:People educated at Harrow School
1608:"Smythies, Diana (Oral history)"
1288:10.1111/j.1467-9329.2007.00377.x
653:Paul, Denis, 1925-2006. (2007).
532:Dawkins, Richard, 1941- (2013).
172:Lectures on Freedom of the Will.
1225:Tripodi, Paolo (1 March 2013).
1167:, no. 1, Summer 1947, pp. 72-88
1669:"Wittgenstein's Irish Cottage"
384:which she was then composing.
264:Ray Monk's claim (repeated by
1:
1146:History of Western Philosophy
1142:History of Western Philosophy
999:10.1002/9781119166399.fmatter
945:. A&C Black. p. 19.
939:Labron, Tim (15 March 2009).
630:. 20 October 1930. p. 10
219:History of Western Philosophy
101:who had been born in 1886 in
1503:www.thekingscandlesticks.com
899:. In Broakes, Justin (ed.).
505:www.thekingscandlesticks.com
476:www.thekingscandlesticks.com
93:Gouldsmith, (1892–1975) and
1832:Yorick Smythies (1917–1980)
1931:
1385:An Iris Murdoch Chronology
1212:, Oxford Handbooks (2021)
971:St Giles Church, Cambridge
841:Nordic Wittgenstein Review
180:Trinity College, Cambridge
1879:Murdoch Newsletters 12–19
1388:. Springer. p. 233.
1246:10.1007/s11406-012-9405-2
1194:Wittgenstein in Cambridge
942:Wittgenstein and Theology
901:Iris Murdoch, Philosopher
782:10.1007/978-3-319-53280-6
338:Amberley, Gloucestershire
324:until her death in 2003.
143:King's College, Cambridge
27:
1568:Jackson, Angela (2002).
1413:Smythies, J. R. (1994).
987:"Editorial Introduction"
735:Munz, Volker A. (2001).
176:Whewell's Court Lectures
97:Bernard Edward Smythies
1874:Iris Murdoch Newsletter
1788:. Robson. p. 163.
1711:Stroud News and Journal
895:Conradi, Peter (2011).
381:The Philosopher's Pupil
178:(after the location at
1821:(Harper Collins, 2001)
1470:amphetamine psychosis.
1269:"The Tightrope Walker"
854:10.15845/nwr.v8i0.3550
470:Fenn, Edward Liveing.
298:Maurice O'Connor Drury
257:
1876:, 15, 2001, 4–7. in:
1782:Colin Wilson (2007).
1497:Edward Liveing Fenn.
499:Edward Liveing Fenn.
290:amphetamine psychosis
252:
109:and elder brother of
1818:Iris Murdoch: A Life
1667:Hayes, John (2018).
1612:Imperial War Museums
600:Imperial War Museums
207:University of Oxford
119:North Weald Airfield
1529:Day, Peter (2012).
1431:1994Natur.371..470S
1415:"Alas, poor Yorick"
1382:Purton, V. (2007).
1108:Monk, Ray. (2000).
751:on 21 November 2015
458:Dolton, North Devon
288:" chronic paranoid
191:Moral Sciences Club
134:Smythies began the
62:Ludwig Wittgenstein
1915:English librarians
1815:Peter J. Conradi,
1342:Monk, Ray (1990).
454:Royal Flying Corps
1795:978-1-86105-972-7
1357:978-1-4481-1267-8
1325:978-1-350-09154-2
1159:Yorick Smythies,
1094:978-0-87220-008-1
1067:978-1-119-16634-4
821:978-1-139-49843-2
275:neuropsychiatrist
199:Oets Kolk Bouwsma
55:
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747:. Archived from
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