314:
1402:
1575:
1261:
149:
27:
1102:
187:
by allowing yeomen farmers to sell their products and therefore to prosper. They tied internal improvements to free trade, while accepting moderate tariffs as a necessary source of government revenue. They supported the
Independent Treasury (the Jacksonian alternative to the Second Bank of the United
266:
Whatever that past generation of statesmen, law-givers and writers was capable of, we know. What they attained, what they failed to attain, we also know. Our duty and our destiny is another from theirs. Liking not at all its borrowed sound, we are yet (there is no better way to name it,) the Young
375:. Similar to O'Sullivan, Sanders believed in the inherent value of a literary-political relationship, whereby literature and politics could be combined and used as an instrument for socio-political progress. Although he "brought O'Sullivan back into the fold as an editor", the periodical's "
115:
All history is to be re-written; political science and the whole scope of all moral truth have to be considered and illustrated in the light of the democratic principle. All old subjects of thought and all new questions arising, connected more or less directly with human
217:
often attached to O'Sullivan's "Manifest
Destiny" was an 1850s perversion that can be attributed to what Widmer called "Young America II". O'Sullivan even contended that American "democracy needed to expand in order to contain its ideological opponent
699:
Widmer, p. 126. Many elements of the Hudson River School were closely aligned with the Whig party as well. And while some Hudson River School artists celebrated the use of property and the upward trajectory of civilization, others, like
406:
that
Breckinridge referred to was mostly a reaction by the increasingly divided Democratic Party to the growth of the Free Soil movement, which threatened to dissolve any semblance of Democratic unity that remained.
1479:
254:. They sought independence from European standards of high culture and wanted to demonstrate the excellence and "exceptionalism" of America's own literary tradition. Other writers of the movement included
1001:
213:, he did not necessarily intend for American democracy to expand across the continent by force. In effect, the American democratic principle was to spread on its own, self-evident merits. The
1615:
1338:
99:
promoted its nationalistic program in an unsuccessful effort to compromise sectional differences. The breakup of the movement left many of its adherents discouraged and disillusioned.
195:, to Douglas' failure to win the presidential nomination in 1852, to an inability to deal with the slavery issue, and to rising isolationism and disenchantment with reform in America.
1004:
1024:
1012:
1423:
1342:
1630:
1330:
1168:
865:
172:, this faction broke with the agrarian and strict constructionist orthodoxies of the past and embraced commerce, technology, regulation, reform, and internationalism.
107:
1620:
271:; and it is for us now to inquire, what we may have it in our power to accomplish, and on what objects the world may reasonably ask that we should fix our regards.
79:, and support for republican, anti-aristocratic movements abroad. The movement also inspired a drive for self-consciously "American" literature in writers such as
1605:
1391:
351:. And as a contemporary of the Hudson River School, he sought to use art in the promotion of the American democratic principle. O'Sullivan's cohort at the
175:
In economic policy Young
America saw the necessity of a modern infrastructure of railroads, canals, telegraphs, turnpikes, and harbors; they endorsed the "
1600:
327:
Apart from literature, there was a distinct element of art associated with the Young
America Movement. In the 1820s and 1830s, American artists such as
1610:
1298:
1028:
1016:
136:, but with a strong emphasis on socio-political reform for all Americans, especially given the burgeoning European immigrant population (particularly
1645:
1380:
1189:
1071:
1066:
1061:
522:
156:
Historian
Yonatan Eyal argues that the 1840s and 1850s were the heyday of the faction of young Democrats that called itself "Young America". Led by
1319:
979:
958:
380:
188:
States), not as a scheme to quash the special privilege of the
Whiggish moneyed elite, but as a device to spread prosperity to all Americans.
1365:
1184:
629:
1458:
1386:
1076:
1056:
1194:
500:
faction in the
Democratic Party recognized the potential for reorganizing New York City's labor system around principles such as the
838:
810:
773:
440:
313:
1650:
432:
395:
318:
92:
1625:
1418:
183:
were locally rather than federally sponsored. Young
America claimed that modernization would perpetuate the agrarian vision of
1635:
1322:
990:
982:
132:
in New York City at the center of the Young
America Movement. In that sense, the movement can be considered mostly urban and
20:
179:" and promoted capitalism. They called for Congressional land grants to the states, which allowed Democrats to claim that
1640:
1410:
1291:
1118:
1494:
1401:
436:
899:
821:
706:
Alfred L. Brophy, Property and Progress; Antebellum Landscape Art and Property Law, McGeorge Law Review 40 (2009): 601.
1153:
1110:
951:
705:
222:)". Unlike Europe, America had no aristocratic system or nobility against which Young America could define itself.
1536:
1489:
1514:
1504:
1474:
921:
Varon, Elizabeth R. (March 2009). "Review: Balancing Act: Young America's Struggle to Revive the Old Democracy".
1138:
1578:
1542:
1284:
255:
1443:
1163:
1123:
1091:
372:
214:
36:
906:
The Literary Criticism of "Young America": A Study in the Relationship of Politics and Literature 1837-1850
883:
Ryan, James Emmett. "Orestes Brownson in Young America: popular books and the fate of Catholic criticism."
1509:
1264:
1148:
944:
184:
993:
517:
508:, America had no aristocratic establishment against which Young America could define itself in protest.
295:
239:
180:
262:, It was Mathews that adopted the name for the movement. In a speech delivered June 30, 1845, he said:
102:
1375:
1228:
1210:
383:
359:, was particularly "eager to launch an ancillary artistic movement" that supplemented Young America.
344:
231:
394:
has been heretofore not a partisan paper, but a periodical that was supposed to represent the whole
1453:
1370:
527:
505:
308:
251:
80:
48:
1499:
926:
465:
238:, the movement also had a literary side. It attracted a circle of outstanding writers, including
96:
68:
52:
834:
806:
769:
763:
649:
625:
619:
489:
293:
and observing that it was "exceedingly dull", and that its crew had a low literary level. The
259:
176:
51:
movement in the mid-19th century. Inspired by European reform movements of the 1830s (such as
191:
The movement's decline by 1856 was due to unsuccessful challenges to "old fogy" leaders like
1557:
1438:
1433:
1133:
873:
842:
449:
428:
204:
125:
76:
1448:
1307:
1143:
1051:
674:
416:
356:
328:
280:
247:
243:
165:
157:
84:
60:
379:
achieved an even higher pitch than O'Sullivan's dog-whistle stridency". Even Democratic
105:
described the general purpose of the Young America Movement in an 1837 editorial for the
1564:
1250:
909:
444:
424:
192:
169:
137:
866:"Trade and Improvements: Young America and the Transformation of the Democratic Party"
1594:
1158:
1128:
967:
575:
The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828–1861,
457:
as the central outlet for Young America's ever-evolving politics. In fact, Greeley's
161:
64:
562:
The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828–1861
1484:
1216:
802:
The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party 1828–1861
532:
484:
in progress which would greatly facilitate all desirable reform, and without which
420:
133:
88:
461:
became a major advocate of not only abolition, but also of land and labor reform.
829:
801:
1530:
1222:
701:
501:
336:
332:
219:
148:
56:
859:
1243:
1086:
1081:
268:
209:
When O'Sullivan coined the term "Manifest Destiny" in an 1845 article for the
72:
26:
16:
Political and cultural movement in the U.S. during the mid-nineteenth century
1360:
497:
464:
The combined cause of land and labor reform was perhaps best exemplified by
340:
117:
877:
653:
1046:
376:
930:
63:), the American group was formed as a political organization in 1845 by
888:
477:
31:
1101:
913:
275:
One of Young America's intellectual vehicles was the literary journal
896:
Young America: The Transformation of Nationalism before the Civil War
1276:
792:
Danbom, David B. (September 1974). "The Young America Movement",
312:
285:
147:
25:
936:
1280:
940:
339:, which resulted in numerous paintings involving the physical
468:' National Reform Association (NRA). In 1846, Evans stated:
830:
Young America: The Flowering of Democracy in New York City
818:
Young America: Land, Labor, and the Republican Community
704:
had concern over the course of democracy. See, e.g.,
299:
referred to the movement as "at war with good taste".
77:
expansion westward and southward into the territories
621:
Aristocracy and its Enemies in the Age of Revolution
488:
plan of reform could prevent the downward course of
1523:
1467:
1424:
List of federal judges appointed by Franklin Pierce
1409:
1353:
1203:
1177:
1109:
1039:
1169:List of federal judges appointed by James K. Polk
588:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society,
435:. Young America's New York Democrats who opposed
398:... I have observed recently a very great change.
335:began to emerge. They were heavily influenced by
289:(1849) refers to it by naming a ship in the book
1616:Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)
794:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
586:David B. Danbom, "The Young America Movement,"
470:
388:
264:
113:
1292:
952:
8:
1005:Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
480:for every social and political wrong, but a
120:, have to be taken up again and re-examined.
402:The change in tone and partisanship in the
1299:
1285:
1277:
959:
945:
937:
762:Ralph C. Hancock; L. Gary Lambert (1996).
496:Eventually, former members of the radical
347:who had connections to the writers of the
1190:President James K. Polk Home & Museum
768:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 222.
1631:Political movements in the United States
1381:1852 United States presidential election
1072:James K. Polk 1844 presidential campaign
1067:1844 United States presidential election
1062:1840 United States presidential election
523:Popular sovereignty in the United States
230:Aside from Young America's promotion of
47:was an American political, cultural and
590:Sept 1974, Vol. 67 Issue 3, pp. 294–306
544:
1621:Political history of the United States
898:(University of Virginia Press, 2022).
1606:Cultural history of the United States
1185:President James K. Polk Historic Site
796:. Vol. 67, Issue 3, pp. 294–306.
7:
925:. Vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 42–48.
439:saw an opportunity to express their
1459:1856 Democratic National Convention
1387:1852 Democratic National Convention
1077:1844 Democratic National Convention
1057:1840 Democratic National Convention
765:The Legacy of the French Revolution
648:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 50.
506:in the days of the 1848 revolutions
476:consider the Freedom of the Soil a
1195:List of memorials to James K. Polk
833:New York: Oxford University Press
14:
1601:19th century in the United States
854:Curti, Merle E. "Young America."
820:. (University of Illinois Press)
1611:Democratic Party (United States)
1574:
1573:
1400:
1260:
1259:
1100:
864:Eyal, Yonatan (September 2005).
1646:Liberalism in the United States
1419:Inauguration of Franklin Pierce
1323:President of the United States
983:President of the United States
908:(U of California Press, 1952)
21:Young America (disambiguation)
1:
1119:Inauguration of James K. Polk
504:. In contrast to the Europe
267:America of the people: a new
91:. It became a faction in the
679:Melville, His World and Work
140:) in New York in the 1840s.
1154:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
923:Reviews in American History
813:Cambridge University Press.
411:Rise of Labor Republicanism
1667:
1490:Franklin Pierce University
1331:Senator from New Hampshire
856:American Historical Review
827:Widmer, Edward L. (1999).
624:. Oxford UP. p. 135.
306:
202:
128:places O'Sullivan and the
18:
1552:
1515:Statue of Franklin Pierce
1505:Pierce County, Washington
1475:Franklin Pierce Homestead
1398:
1314:
1238:
1098:
974:
885:American Literary History
872:. 51#3, pp. 245–68.
644:Duberman, Martin (1966).
443:sentiments. As a result,
431:had combined to form the
168:, and New York financier
152:John L. O'Sullivan (1874)
1543:Benjamin Kendrick Pierce
256:Evert Augustus Duyckinck
1651:Radicalism (historical)
1164:Rivers and Harbors Bill
1124:Oregon boundary dispute
1092:Tennessee State Capitol
910:online copy of the book
816:Lause, Mark A. (2005).
799:Eyal, Yonatan. (2007).
472:National Reformers did
373:George Nicholas Sanders
215:American exceptionalism
1626:Jeffersonian democracy
1510:Pierce County, Georgia
1429:Young America movement
1149:All of Mexico Movement
618:William Doyle (2009).
494:
400:
324:
273:
185:Jeffersonian Democracy
153:
122:
95:in the 1850s. Senator
45:Young America Movement
40:
30:Advertisement for the
1636:American middle class
1480:Franklin Pierce House
1366:9th Infantry Regiment
994:Governor of Tennessee
887:15.3 (2003): 443-470
878:10.1353/cwh.2005.0042
518:David Dudley Field II
453:began to replace the
323:by Thomas Cole (1836)
316:
307:Further information:
296:North American Review
240:William Cullen Bryant
203:Further information:
181:internal improvements
151:
29:
1641:Classical liberalism
1376:Battle of Churubusco
1229:William Hawkins Polk
1211:Sarah Childress Polk
1139:Mexican–American War
858:32.1 (1926): 34-55.
646:James Russell Lowell
419:(those who followed
384:John C. Breckinridge
345:William Sidney Mount
319:The Course of Empire
232:Jacksonian Democracy
19:For other uses, see
1454:Topeka Constitution
1444:Kansas–Nebraska Act
1371:Battle of Contreras
1339:U.S. Representative
1025:U.S. Representative
1013:U.S. Representative
894:Smith, Mark Power.
528:Henry David Thoreau
417:Free Soil Democrats
309:Hudson River School
303:Hudson River School
252:Nathaniel Hawthorne
81:Nathaniel Hawthorne
1558:← Millard Fillmore
1500:Pierceton, Indiana
1392:Old North Cemetery
914:online book review
734:Lause, pp. 118–19.
466:George Henry Evans
429:anti-slavery Whigs
415:By the mid-1850s,
386:remarked in 1852:
367:In late 1851, the
325:
321:: The Savage State
154:
103:John L. O'Sullivan
97:Stephen A. Douglas
69:George Henry Evans
53:Junges Deutschland
41:
1588:
1587:
1274:
1273:
870:Civil War History
631:978-0-19-156827-5
455:Democratic Review
404:Democratic Review
392:Democratic Review
369:Democratic Review
349:Democratic Review
260:Cornelius Mathews
236:Democratic Review
211:Democratic Review
177:Market Revolution
130:Democratic Review
108:Democratic Review
75:, social reform,
1658:
1577:
1576:
1565:James Buchanan →
1439:Ostend Manifesto
1434:Gadsden Purchase
1404:
1346:
1334:
1326:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1263:
1262:
1251:Zachary Taylor →
1134:Texas annexation
1104:
1032:
1020:
1008:
997:
986:
961:
954:
947:
938:
904:Stafford, John.
780:
779:
759:
753:
750:
744:
741:
735:
732:
726:
723:
717:
714:
708:
697:
691:
688:
682:
681:. (2005) p. 93.
672:
666:
663:
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642:
636:
635:
615:
609:
606:
600:
597:
591:
584:
578:
571:
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558:
552:
549:
450:New York Tribune
433:Republican Party
396:Democratic Party
371:was acquired by
363:Young America II
205:Manifest Destiny
199:Manifest Destiny
126:Edward L. Widmer
93:Democratic Party
1666:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1548:
1537:Benjamin Pierce
1519:
1463:
1449:Bleeding Kansas
1405:
1396:
1349:
1337:
1329:
1318:
1310:
1308:Franklin Pierce
1305:
1275:
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1234:
1199:
1173:
1144:Thornton Affair
1105:
1096:
1052:Specie Circular
1035:
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989:
978:
970:
965:
851:
849:Further reading
789:
784:
783:
776:
761:
760:
756:
751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
729:
725:Widmer, p. 189.
724:
720:
716:Widmer, p. 189.
715:
711:
698:
694:
690:Widmer, p. 110.
689:
685:
675:Andrew Delbanco
673:
669:
664:
660:
643:
639:
632:
617:
616:
612:
608:Widmer, p. 217.
607:
603:
599:Widmer, p. 189.
598:
594:
585:
581:
572:
568:
559:
555:
550:
546:
541:
514:
413:
365:
357:E. A. Duyckinck
329:Asher B. Durand
311:
305:
281:Herman Melville
248:Herman Melville
244:George Bancroft
228:
207:
201:
166:Franklin Pierce
158:Stephen Douglas
146:
138:Irish Catholics
85:Herman Melville
71:. It advocated
61:Young Hegelians
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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797:
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774:
754:
752:Lause, p. 119.
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
692:
683:
667:
665:Widmer, p. 57.
658:
637:
630:
610:
601:
592:
579:
566:
560:Yonatan Eyal,
553:
543:
542:
540:
537:
536:
535:
530:
525:
520:
513:
510:
482:necessary step
445:Horace Greeley
412:
409:
381:Representative
364:
361:
304:
301:
227:
224:
200:
197:
193:James Buchanan
170:August Belmont
145:
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15:
13:
10:
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2:
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1221:
1219:(grandfather)
1218:
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1188:
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1159:Walker tariff
1157:
1155:
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1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1129:Oregon Treaty
1127:
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1112:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1090:
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1468:Public image
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1345:(1833–1837)
1343:NH at-large
1333:(1837–1842)
1325:(1853–1857)
1223:Samuel Polk
1031:(1825–1833)
1019:(1833–1839)
1007:(1835–1839)
996:(1839–1841)
985:(1845–1849)
912:; see also
843:online copy
702:Thomas Cole
502:common good
337:romanticism
333:Thomas Cole
220:aristocracy
57:Young Italy
1595:Categories
1411:Presidency
1111:Presidency
1087:Polk Place
1082:Dark horse
269:generation
226:Literature
124:Historian
73:free trade
1545:(brother)
1361:Doughface
1231:(brother)
654:460118260
539:Citations
341:landscape
291:Arcturion
118:existence
1579:Category
1539:(father)
1265:Category
1225:(father)
1047:Bank War
931:40210980
564:, (2007)
512:See also
498:Locofoco
423:and his
377:jingoism
277:Arcturus
144:Politics
49:literary
478:panacea
459:Tribune
437:slavery
425:Proviso
234:in the
32:clipper
1533:(wife)
1524:Family
1213:(wife)
1204:Family
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427:) and
353:Review
250:, and
87:, and
927:JSTOR
577:p. 79
490:labor
286:Mardi
34:ship
1354:Life
1341:for
1320:14th
1040:Life
1029:TN–6
1027:for
1017:TN–9
1015:for
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980:11th
835:ISBN
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650:OCLC
626:ISBN
390:The
331:and
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