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775:. Today, Zuni potters might use electric kilns. While the firing was usually a community enterprise, silence or communication in low voices was considered essential in order to maintain the original "voice" of the "being" of the clay, and the purpose of the end product. Sales of pottery and traditional arts provide a major source of income for many Zuni people today. An artisan may be the sole financial support for her immediate family as well as others. Many women make pottery or, more rarely, clothing or baskets. Brown, black and red ornamentation can be found on traditional Zuni pots that are first covered with white slip. Common motifs are spiral scrolls edged with triangles, deer, as well as frogs, dragonflies and other symbols associated with rain and water. In addition to pots, Zuni produce owl figurines that are covered with white slip and painted with black and red motifs before firing.
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increase. The large villages of Heshot Ula, Betatakin, and Kiet Siel were established by 1275. By the 13th century villages were built on top of mesas, including
Atsinna on Inscription Rock. In the 14th century, the Zuni inhabited a dozen pueblos containing between 180 and 1,400 rooms, while the Anasazi abandoned larger settlements for smaller ones, or established new ones along the Rio Grande. The Zuni did move from the eastern portion of their territory to the western side, and built six new villages, Halona, Hawikuh, Kiakima, Matsaki, Kwakina, and Kechipaun. Halona was located 97 km north Zuni Salt Lake, and the Zuni traded in salt, corn and
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874:. They are closed to non-native individuals unless there is a personal invitation by a tribal member. The ceremony also blesses the houses that were built during the year. The blessing takes the form of singing that accompanies six dancers who are dressed in Shalako outfits. These outfits can be as high as eight feet; the dancers wearing them represent "couriers of the rain deities come to bless new homes". The dancers move from house to house throughout the night; at dawn Saiyatasha performs a final prayer and the ceremony is complete.
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767:) according to ritual. The clay is ground, sifted, mixed with water, rolled into a coil, shaped into a vessel or other design, and scraped smooth with a scraper. A thin layer of finer clay, called slip, is applied to the surface for extra smoothness and color. The vessel is polished with a stone after it dries. It is painted with home-made organic dyes, using a traditional
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411:, lived with the Zuni from 1879 to 1884. He was one of the first non-native participant-observers and ethnologists at Zuni. In 1979, it was reported that some members of the Pueblo consider he had wrongfully documented the Zuni way of life, exploiting them by photographing and revealing sacred traditions and ceremonies.
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who wanted Niza to "explain to the natives of the land that there is only one God in heaven, and the
Emperor on earth to rule and govern it, whose subjects they all must become and whom they must serve." The Zuni reportedly killed Estevanico as a spy, or for being "greedy, voracious and bold". This
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In 1848, U.S. Army Lt. Col. Henderson P. Boyakin signed a treaty with Zuni and Navajo leaders stating the Zuni "shall be protected in the full management of all their rights of
Private Property and Religion... the authorities, civil and military, of New Mexico and the United States." Observing the
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around 1100. The Zuni settlement called
Village of the Great Kivas, was built around 1100, and included nine kivas. The Zuni region, however, was probably only sparsely populated by small agricultural settlements until the 12th century when the population and the size of the settlements began to
375:, the Zuni relocated to their present location, returning to the mesa top only briefly in 1703. By the end of the 17th century, only Halona was still inhabited of the original six villages. Yet, satellite villages were settled around Halona, and included Nutria, Ojo Caliente, and Pescado.
382:, "Indeed, by the late eighteenth century, Spanish authorities had given up hope of dominating the Zuni and other western Pueblo Indians, and in 1799 only seven Spanish people were recorded as living among the Zuni.". In 1821, the Franciscans ended their missionary efforts.
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as a means of economic development. Their success as a desert agri-economy is due to careful management and conservation of resources, as well as a complex system of community support. Many contemporary Zuni also rely on the sale of traditional arts and
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Priesthood includes three priests (north, above and below), and Pekwin (the above priest) determines the religious calendar. A religious society is associated with each of the six kivas, and each boy is initiated into one of these societies.
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that has no known relationship to any other Native
American language. Linguists believe that the Zuni have maintained the integrity of their language for 6,000-to-7,000 years. The Zuni do, however, share a number of words from
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and occasionally with other stones in creating necklaces, bracelets, earrings and rings. Petit point is made in the same fashion as needlepoint, except that one end of each stone is pointed, and the other end is rounded.
1992:". (1932a); "Zuni Origin Myths". (1932b); "Zuni Ritual Poetry". (1932c). In Forty-Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 467–835. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1932. Reprint,
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in 1629 with two
Franciscan priests. They completed a church compound in 1632, and established a second mission in Halona. Shortly afterwards, the Zuni destroyed the missions, killing two priests, and then retreated to
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817:. In making needlepoint, small, slightly oval-shaped stones with pointed ends are set in silver bezels, close to one another and side by side to create a pattern. The technique is normally used with
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work. Zuni jewelers set hand-cut turquoise and other stones in silver. Today jewelry-making thrives as an art form among the Zuni. Many Zuni have become master stone-cutters. Techniques used include
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in July 1540, inflicting several casualties, and capturing the village. Coronado continued to the Rio Grande, but several priests and soldiers stayed an additional two years. The
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expedition followed in the wake of Niza's Seven Cities of Cibola claim. Sponsored once again by
Mendoza, Coronado led 230 soldiers on horseback, 70 foot soldiers, several
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696:. Some Zuni still live in the old-style Pueblos, while others live in modern houses. Their location is relatively isolated, but they welcome respectful tourists.
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Archaeology suggests that the Zuni have been farmers in the general area for 3,000 to 4,000 years. It is now thought that the
Ancestral Zuni people inhabited the
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Kintigh, Keith (2010). "Late prehistoric and late prehistoric settlement systems in the Zuni area". In
Gregory, David A.; Wilcox, David R. (eds.).
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Damp, Jonathan E. (2010). "Zuni emergent agriculture: economic strategies and the origins of Zuni". In
Gregory, David A.; Wilcox, David R. (eds.).
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brush. The shape and painted images depend on the intended purpose of the pottery. To fire the pottery, the Zuni used animal dung in traditional
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is held the third weekend in August. The Zuni also participate in the Gallup Inter-Tribal Ceremonial, usually held in early or mid-August. The
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below the lake and would also have involved construction between the lake and the Zuni. The plan was abandoned in 2003 after several lawsuits.
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268:, followed by the village of Kiatuthlanna around 800 A.D., and Allantown around 1000 A.D. These Mogollon villages included
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888:, a Zuni native named John comes to grip with sexual realities in the New State and how they differ from his own culture.
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2132:. Papers of the Peabody Museum of the American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 43. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum, 1954.
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Religion is central to Zuni life. Their traditional religious beliefs are centered on the three most powerful of their
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noted "In all directions, fields of wheat and maize, as well as gourds and melons, bore testimony to their industry."
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of 1680, the Zuni lived in six villages. After the revolt, until 1692, they took refuge in a defensible position atop
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for over two millennia. White Mound was one such settlement of pit houses, farming, and storerooms, built around 700
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185:. The Zuni tribe lived in multi level adobe houses. In addition to the reservation, the tribe owns trust lands in
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2125:. Ed. by F.R. Kluckhorn and F.L. Strodbeck. pp. 285–316. Evanston, IL and Elmsford, NY: Row, Peterson, 1961.
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Wade, Edwin L. "The Ethnic Art Market in the American Southwest, 1880–1980." George, W. Stocking, Jr., ed.
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The Zuni Reservation was created by the United States federal government in 1877, and enlarged by a second
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719:". Zuni have developed knowledge of local plants that are used for medical practices and religious rites.
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for the pottery is sourced locally. Prior to its extraction, the women give thanks to the Earth Mother (
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Of the three Zuni missions, only the church at Halona was rebuilt after the reconquest. According to
346:, where they remained for the next three years. The Spanish built another mission in Halona in 1643.
2067:. Vol.9. Ed. By Alfonso Ortiz. pp. 474–481. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1979.
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The Zuni utilize many local plants in their culture. For an extensive list, see the main article, "
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pertaining to religion. The Zuni continue to practice their traditional religion with its regular
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422:, a site sacred to the Zuni and under Zuni control. The mine would have extracted water from the
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2007:. Publications of the American Ethnological Society, 15. New York: G.E. Steckert & Co., 1933
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Shalako is a series of ceremonial dances that take place throughout the night on or around the
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2110:. Indiana University Research Center, Publication Six. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1967.
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Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced
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visited Zuni territory in 1598 and 1604 looking for copper mines, but without success.
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Map of historical distribution of Zuni (light green) and current Zuni land (dark green)
1646:"Culture, religion and economy in the American southwest: Zuni Pueblo and Laguna Pueb"
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Objects and Others: Essays on Museums and Material Culture (History of Anthropology)
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History and Background of Zuni Culture, in Patterns and Sources of Zuni Kachinas
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for the purpose of rituals and trade, and more recently for sale to collectors.
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1981:. 2 vols. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, no. 21. New York:
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Zuni Salt Lake, New Mexico, where the Zuni have harvested salt for centuries
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Quand les Katchinas dansent a Cibola. Mythologie et rites des indiens Zunis
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for storing food and water. They used symbols of their clans for designs.
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844:: Earth Mother, Sun Father, and Moonlight-Giving Mother. The religion is
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Zuni River, Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico. The Zuni people have inhabited the
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Hart, E. Richard, 2000. "Zuni Claims: An Expert Witness’ Reflections,"
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620: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1555:"A study of the medical ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians of New Mexico"
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and raising livestock. Gradually the Zuni farmed less and turned to
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is a tribal museum that showcases Zuni history, culture, and arts.
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1207:. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. pp. 118–132.
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The Beautiful and the Dangerous: Dialogues with the Zuni Indians
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Zuni Origins: Toward a new synthesis of Southwestern archaeology
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Zuni Origins: Toward a new synthesis of Southwestern archaeology
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Zuni Origins: Toward a New Synthesis of Southwestern Archaeology
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5 km (3.1 miles) southeast of the present Pueblo of Zuni;
1931:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
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During the early 2000s, the Zuni opposed the development of a
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Native American Pueblo peoples native to the Zuni River valley
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and Mexican natives. The Spanish met 600 Zuni warriors near
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valley from the last millennium B.C., when they began using
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2015:
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means "mountain". After the establishment of peace and the
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Zuni and the Courts: A Struggle for Sovereign Land Rights.
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was Spain's first contact with any of the Pueblo peoples.
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and dances, and an independent and unique belief system.
181:. The Pueblo of Zuni is 55 km (34 mi) south of
2060:
Eggan, Fred and T.N. Pandey. "Zuni History, 1855–1970".
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New Mexico Office of the State Historian. 21 April 2012.
1167:, edited by David A. Gregory and David R. Wilcox, p. 119
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The Zuni were and are a traditional people who live by
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GeoJournal: Geography for and with Indigenous Peoples
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Lutakawi, Zuni Governor, photographed before 1925 by
272:. Likewise, Zuni ancestors were in contact with the
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106:
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69:
59:
40:
2233:Libraries – The Historic American Cookbook Project
1358:. New York: Chelsea House. pp. 18–23, 56–57.
1092:"Zuni Tribe: Facts, Clothes, Food and History ***"
556:Two Zuni girls, photographed by Edward S. Curtis,
252:cultures, who lived in the deserts of New Mexico,
2167:Pueblo of Zuni official Artist’s Art Walk website
1912:Zuni: Selected Writings of Frank Hamilton Cushing
1625:Zuni: Selected Writings of Frank Hamilton Cushing
806:to create intricate designs and unique patterns.
2505:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
2030:Esteban: The African Slave Who Explored America
1627:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979.
1443:"Mining Plan Pits Tribe Against Power Industry"
476:'s 1851 expedition to Arizona which was led by
285:. Hawikuh was claimed by Niza to be one of the
746:, late 19th – early 20th century, 12.5″ high,
538:Zuni men and the ancient Pueblo Town of Zuni,
163:Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico
2252:
2210:Collection of Historical Photographs of Zunis
2072:American Indian Culture and Research Journal,
1787:. Hamsen Publishing. pp. 42–45, 80–101.
1740:. Hamsen Publishing Company. pp. 37–38.
8:
2081:Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995.
1228:Clark, Patricia Roberts (October 21, 2009).
35:
1706:. New York: Harper & Row. p. 191.
445:weaver at work on a backstrap loom, photo:
289:, a legendary 16th century wealthy empire.
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1910:Cushing, Frank Hamilton. Jesse Green, ed.
1159:, The University of Arizona Press (2009),
48:
34:
2196:(Mrs.) Tilly E. (Matilda Coxe EStevenson)
1553:Camazine, S.; Bye, R.A. (December 1980).
1406:Flint, Richard and Shirley Cushing Flint
1272:"Zuni Settlement Patterns: A.D. 950–1680"
636:Learn how and when to remove this message
2161:A:shiwi A:wan Museum and Heritage Center
2010:Cushing, Frank Hamilton, Barton Wright,
1292:from the original on September 12, 2014.
1199:from the original on September 12, 2014.
852:, summer, harvest, and again in winter.
705:A:shiwi A:wan Museum and Heritage Center
1083:
895:
428:
2481:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
2286:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
1834:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
1325:
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169:on the Zuni River, a tributary of the
1785:Patterns and Sources of Zuni Kachinas
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920:Zuñis in typical modern costume, 1896
809:Two specialties of Zuni jewelers are
7:
2515:Native American tribes in New Mexico
2191:The Religious Life of the Zuñi Child
1686:A Zuni System of Knowledge: The Arts
848:-based, and ceremonies occur during
618:adding citations to reliable sources
526:valley since the last millennium BCE
304:'s Spanish expedition. Sponsored by
70:Regions with significant populations
2123:In Variations in Value Orientations
1471:"Utility Drops Plans for Coal Mine"
323:Chamuscado and Rodríguez Expedition
233:on at least household-sized plots.
2063:Handbook of North American Indians
1990:Introduction to Zuni Ceremonialism
1892:The Navajo and Pueblo Silversmiths
1614:April 2007 (retrieved 13 Feb 2011)
794:The Zuni are known for their fine
157:valley. The Zuni people today are
25:
2510:Native American tribes in Arizona
1994:Zuni Ceremonialism: Three Studies
1382:, 56 (Simon and Schuster, 2004).
648:The Zuni traditionally speak the
2268:
2128:Smith, Watson and John Roberts.
1996:. Introduction by Nancy Pareto.
1985:, 1935. AMS Press reprint, 1969.
1441:Neary, Ben (February 18, 2001).
1408:"Dowa Yalanne, or Corn Mountain"
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474:Corps of Topographical Engineers
461:
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244:Zuni culture is associated with
2421:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
2156:Pueblo of Zuni official website
1431:(University of Nebraska, 1979).
1232:. McFarland. pp. 10, 104.
753:Traditionally, Zuni women made
605:needs additional citations for
441:(1849–1896), a celebrated Zuni
335:Francisco Manuel de Silva Nieto
201:is believed to derive from the
193:. The Zuni call their homeland
65:19,228 enrolled members (2015)
2034:University of New Mexico Press
2016:University of New Mexico Press
1998:University of New Mexico Press
1864:University of New Mexico Press
1179:"The Economic Origins of Zuni"
1:
2205:Pueblo tribe (Zuni is Pueblo)
1954:University of Wisconsin Press
1573:10.1016/s0378-8741(80)81017-8
1469:Neary, Ben (August 5, 2003).
956:Zuni paint and condiment cups
557:
539:
472:created during the U.S. Army
450:
311:Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
2012:The Mythic World of the Zuni
1916:University of Nebraska Press
1897:University of Oklahoma Press
1860:The Mythic World of the Zuni
1560:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2130:Zuni Law: A Field of Values
2121:Roberts, John. "The Zuni".
2092:Kroeber, Alfred L. (1984).
1704:Arts of the Indian Americas
1510:University of Arizona Press
1302:University of Arizona Press
1096:www.warpaths2peacepipes.com
905:Zuni Girl, photographed by
2536:
2046:Davis, Nancy Yaw. (2000).
1830:Bonvillain, Nancy (2011).
1702:Highwater, Jamake (1983).
1607:September 5, 2013, at the
1354:Bonvillain, Nancy (2011).
1177:Damp, Jonathan E. (2008).
863:
833:
779:Carving and silversmithing
197:or Middle Place. The word
2475:
2231:Michigan State University
2184:Zuni Indian Tribe History
1983:Columbia University Press
1764:. Smithsonian Institution
1502:Granger, Byrd H. (1960).
699:The Zuni Tribal Fair and
576:She-we-na (Zuni Pueblo).
337:established a mission at
187:Catron County, New Mexico
111:
91:
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47:
41:
2028:Herrick, Dennis. (2018)
1690:University of Washington
1684:Belarde-Lewis, Miranda,
1427:Frank Hamilton Cushing,
300:led an advance party of
250:Ancestral Pueblo peoples
213:, or a cognate thereof.
54:Zuni girl with jar, 1903
1935:Oxford University Press
1858:Cushing, Frank (1988).
1783:Wright, Barton (1988).
1736:Wright, Barton (1988).
1644:Grugel, Andrea (2012).
1534:. Archaeology Southwest
1270:Kintigh, Keith (2008).
1122:(retrieved 13 Feb 2011)
1073:Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico
409:Smithsonian Institution
165:, and most live in the
137:
2227:Frank Hamilton Cushing
2077:Hart, E. Richard, ed.
750:
735:
731:Water Jar, 1825–1850,
587:
401:Frank Hamilton Cushing
325:followed in 1581, and
287:Seven Cities of Cibola
241:
203:Western Keres language
191:Apache County, Arizona
125:
2177:June 4, 2013, at the
1762:"Zuni Shalako Figure"
1612:Smithsonian Magazine.
1279:Archaeology Southwest
1186:Archaeology Southwest
834:Further information:
741:
730:
678:irrigated agriculture
583:, late 19th century.
575:
510:middle court, in 1879
373:return of the Spanish
239:
171:Little Colorado River
123:
107:Related ethnic groups
1476:Santa Fe New Mexican
1304:. pp. 361–376.
1004:Zuni animal effigies
614:improve this article
407:associated with the
159:federally recognized
2106:Newman, Stanley S.
2018:, 1992, hardcover,
1952:. Vol. 3. Madison:
1929:Pritzker, Barry M.
1600:Morrell, Virginia.
1505:Arizona Place Names
1300:. Tucson, Arizona:
1137:www.zunitourism.com
1034:Percy Tsisete Sandy
1022:Notable Zuni people
968:Zuni ceramic ladles
386:Zuni in the 1850s,
302:Fray Marcos de Niza
274:Ancestral Puebloans
142:; formerly spelled
37:
2275:Indigenous peoples
2186:, Access Genealogy
2172:The Zuni Worldview
2135:Tedlock, Barbara.
1285:(2): 15–16.
1036:(Kai-Sa ), painter
980:Zuni bird effigies
878:In popular culture
751:
736:
588:
478:Captain Sitgreaves
388:Balduin Möllhausen
367:means "corn", and
315:Franciscan priests
306:Antonio de Mendoza
242:
183:Gallup, New Mexico
126:
2487:
2486:
2200:Project Gutenberg
2094:Zuni kin and clan
2087:978-0-7006-0705-1
2042:978-0-8263-5981-0
1988:Bunzel, Ruth L. "
1943:978-0-19-513877-1
1905:978-0-8061-2215-1
1623:Jesse Green, ed.
1448:Los Angeles Times
1390:. Reprint, 2005,
1380:The Pueblo Revolt
1311:978-0-8165-2893-6
1239:978-0-7864-5169-2
1214:978-0-8165-2893-6
1133:"Experience Zuni"
1016:Zuni woven sashes
992:Zuni clay baskets
821:, sometimes with
646:
645:
638:
327:Antonio de Espejo
118:
117:
16:(Redirected from
2527:
2520:Puebloan peoples
2436:
2428:Ancestral Pueblo
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2003:Bunzel, Ruth L.
1878:
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1811:. Pueblo of Zuni
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2179:Wayback Machine
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2108:Zuni Dictionary
2074:24(1): 163–171.
2048:The Zuni enigma
1971:
1969:Further reading
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1532:"Zuni Origins"
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1809:"Our Culture"
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650:Zuni language
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603:This section
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351:Pueblo Revolt
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331:Juan de Oñate
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73:
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2392:Southern Ute
2387:Tonto Apache
2221:
2190:
2141:, New York:
2137:
2129:
2122:
2107:
2093:
2078:
2071:
2061:
2047:
2029:
2011:
2004:
1993:
1978:
1949:
1930:
1911:
1891:
1859:
1831:
1825:
1815:December 23,
1813:. Retrieved
1803:
1784:
1778:
1768:December 23,
1766:. Retrieved
1756:
1737:
1731:
1722:
1703:
1697:
1685:
1679:
1669:December 24,
1667:. Retrieved
1655:
1649:
1639:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1596:
1586:December 23,
1584:. Retrieved
1564:
1558:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1512:. p. 21
1504:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1474:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1446:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1402:
1379:
1374:
1355:
1329:Pritzker 109
1297:
1282:
1278:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1204:
1189:
1185:
1172:
1156:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1101:November 20,
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1068:Zuniceratops
944:Zuni pottery
883:
881:
869:
854:
839:
808:
793:
782:
762:
752:
714:
698:
675:
647:
632:
623:
612:Please help
607:verification
604:
579:Kachina doll
577:
413:
399:
392:
384:
377:
368:
364:
356:Dowa Yalanne
354:
348:
344:Dowa Yalanne
291:
278:Chaco Canyon
243:
220:
210:
198:
194:
162:
143:
138:
129:
127:
32:Ethnic group
29:
18:Zuni Indians
2442:Basketmaker
2308:Halchidhoma
2065:, Southwest
1914:. Lincoln:
1538:November 8,
1516:December 9,
1294:; see also
1201:; see also
1142:November 8,
1028:Emily Pinto
815:petit point
811:needlepoint
711:Ethnobotany
581:(Paiyatemu)
561: 1926
543: 1868
470:Zuni Pueblo
454: 1871
349:Before the
2500:Zuni tribe
2494:Categories
2298:Chiricahua
2293:Chemehuevi
2116:B0007F3L0Y
2050:. Norton.
2005:Zuni Texts
1895:. Norman:
1884:References
1388:B000MC1CHQ
1258:Kechipauen
1254:Kechipauan
671:ceremonies
524:Zuni River
359:, a steep
298:Estevanico
227:irrigation
223:Zuni River
175:New Mexico
155:Zuni River
80:New Mexico
2478:See also:
2434:dwellings
2363:Hopi-Tewa
2313:Havasupai
1116:"Welcome"
1079:Citations
1030:, painter
819:turquoise
789:necklaces
468:Image of
418:near the
416:coal mine
397:in 1883.
329:in 1583.
292:In 1539,
283:turquoise
87:Languages
2452:Mogollon
2328:Maricopa
2323:Hualapai
2175:Archived
1956:, 1988.
1937:, 2000.
1933:Oxford:
1918:, 1978.
1899:, 1989.
1832:The Zuni
1726:Adair 14
1664:23325388
1605:Archived
1412:Archived
1356:The Zuni
1287:Archived
1194:Archived
1192:(2): 8.
1047:See also
1042:, weaver
830:Religion
796:lapidary
785:fetishes
262:Colorado
246:Mogollon
229:to farm
2467:Sinagua
2457:Patayan
2447:Hohokam
2407:Yavapai
2370:Oʼodham
2353:Quechan
2303:Cocopah
2279:Arizona
2229:, from
2198:, from
2163:at Zuni
2145:, 1992.
2000:, 1992.
1581:6893476
1487:May 26,
1454:May 26,
892:Gallery
866:Shalako
860:Shalako
846:katsina
842:deities
755:pottery
723:Pottery
689:herding
659:Keresan
568:Culture
443:lhamana
424:aquifer
369:yalanne
339:Hawikuh
319:Hawikuh
294:Moorish
254:Arizona
217:History
209:) word
161:as the
139:A:shiwi
101:Spanish
97:English
42:A:shiwi
2462:Salado
2338:Navajo
2333:Mohave
2114:
2100:
2085:
2054:
2040:
2022:
1960:
1941:
1922:
1903:
1870:
1838:
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