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409:. But in 2009 city authorities decided to transform parts of the wood into the building land, allegedly to expand the hospital complex, though the projected land covered three times more area than the complex occupies now. Also the city wanted to build the church and summer houses at the center of the forest. Altogether, a 5 ha (12 acres) of wood was to be cut and cleared. This prompted the protests of the local population which wanted to preserve the forest. The protest was publicly supported by musicians
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316:, star). After the construction of the observatory, the forest creation began in 1933, making a unique artificially created green zone in Belgrade's urban tissue. The forestation was intensified after 1945. The most massive forestation occurred from 1948 to 1950 when tens of thousands of seedlings were planted. Belgrade's 1972 General urban plan officially classified Zvezdara forest as the park-forest.
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447:. It is part of the wider reconstruction of the area which would cover 35.18 ha (86.9 acres). The project includes the removal or reconstruction of many public buildings and companies but also a possibility of demolition of the small, residential houses with backyards and construction of the 5-storey buildings.
348:-shaped wooded area which today covers an area of 137 ha (340 acres), out of which 21 ha (52 acres) is arranged as a park. There are many paths and proper streets, including the Volgina street which criss crosses the entire forest. The forest was partially expanded to alleviate the effect of the strong
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Zvezdara forest is inhabited by the 48 bird species, in different protection statuses. There are 21 species of the birds which nest in the protected area, with another 9 species in the rest of the forest. In winter and during the migration, another 9 species settles in the forest. Protected species
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Zvezdara forest is completely surrounded by the city's urban area and covers most of the 253 m (830 ft) tall
Zvezdara Hill. It is situated in the northernmost section of the municipality of Zvezdara, on the border with Palilula. The northern and eastern boundary of the forest is formed
253:
and Great Vračar. Turkish source from 1621 describes it as "a hill and a big field". In the 17th and 18th century, the area was covered in vineyards, orchards and lush oriental gardens, a major excursion ground for the wealthy
Belgrade Turks which called the hill Ekmekluk and built their summer
180:, Zvezdara is the largest forest in the urban zone of Belgrade and with them, the most important source of the oxygen for the city. While the Košuntjak-Topčider complex is being called the "Belgrade's oxygen factory", Zvezdara forest bears the moniker "left lung of the city".
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at the outskirts of the city. One of the proposed locations were the still baren sections of the Veliki Vračar. Due to the gentle slopes, the planned skiing ground was selected for the beginners. In the end, skiing facilities were built by 1936 on the Košutnjak hill and the
677:), which many consider to be too low level of protection so environmental groups and local population agitate for that to change. The protected area is 80.57 ha (199.1 acres) owned by the state and 87 m (940 sq ft) of privately owned land.
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The forest is damaged by the unauthorized individual residential construction, so in 2007 Belgrade City government announced further plans to extend the
Zvezdara Forest to the north and south, connecting it in the process to
356:. It creates a milder microclimate, conducts fresh air to the central urban tissue, prevents the erosion and creates a mass natural underground water reservoir. Also, it prevents the pollution from the industrial city of
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street). South of the forest are the
Clinical-hospital Center Zvezdara and sports center Olimp. The hospital was built in the early 1930s and is colloquially known as the "City hospital". East of the forest is the
380:) in the north-western section. Children complex "Zvezdani Gaj" is also located in the forest. Patches of the northern section are urbanized, forming a neighborhood of Zvezdara II (especially along the
312:, which in turn completely disappeared from spoken language as such, but remained as a name of Belgrade's neighborhood. As a result, many today believe Zvezdara was named simply after stars (Serbian
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and others, who organized concerts to support the cause. The city health department responded that they only wanted to build two additional buildings in the hospital complex on just a few
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and the neighborhood at the foothills of Veliki Vračar began to develop, mostly a modest settlements of the farmers and wage earners. In 1929-32 an observatory designed by
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and became known as the "Laudan trench" (Serbian: Laudanov šanac or simply Šanac). Due to the military importance of the hill, its gardens were neglected.
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In the 19th century the foothills were not urbanized and, being far from the city center, were used by the
Belgraders as a resort and picnic area, named
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In July 2017 the city government announced the project of "Zvezdara promenade". It is supposed to be the 900 m (3,000 ft) long forested
50:
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Apart from the observatory, objects within the forest or near it include the "Mihajlo Pupin
Institute" in the north-central and seven small
281:'d direction in the case of war. In the beginning of the 20th century the Veliki Vračar Hill area was designed for afforestation. After the
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421:, while the Environment Department issued a statement that they don't support any cutting of the forest. City later dropped the idea.
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301:("star-house") in Serbian, so the hill and the developing suburban area of Belgrade around it was named that way soon. In time,
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was finished and opened, after being in the construction since 1989. It is located in the east central entry into the park.
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wanted to build his royal court on the hill but was persuaded not to do so because it would be easily accessed from
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Study of Tawny Owl Strix aluco (Linnaeus 1758) diet from pellet samples collected in Serbia during 2003 and 2004
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245:(Great Vračar). Vračаr area at that time occupied much wider area that it does today and was divided into
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street is today. After
Austria re-occupied Belgrade in 1789, the trench was reconstructed by the general
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Goran Vesić (18 August 2023). "Авала као прво скијалиште" [Avala as the first skiing ground].
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After
Belgrade was declared a national ski center in 1934, there were plans for the construction of
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On the northern slopes of the hill remnants of the prehistoric and Celtic period have been found (
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street and the FC Mladi proleter stadium with the roundabout in the neighborhood of
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There are three amphibian and four reptilian species in the forest. Amphibians are
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habitats. Nine of the tree species are rare, relict, endemic or endangered:
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Slobodan Giša
Bogunović (3 September 2011), "Biodiverzitet na roštilju",
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street, except for a wooded patch which spreads into the neighborhood of
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626:. By 2021, a total of 77 species was recorded in the forest, including
566:. There are no protected or endangeres species of this type of plants.
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with only the small northernmost section being on the territory of
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Marko Luković (6 August 2009), "Zvezdarci čuvaju šumu od plana",
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464:. There are 136 plant species in the forest. Trees are mostly
164:. Majority of the forest is located in the municipality of
536:. In 2009 an average tree age was estimated at 50 years.
787:"Zaštićeno područje "Zvezdarska šuma", spomenik prirode"
653:(which has been chosen as the symbol of the forest) and
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houses there. When
Belgrade was occupied in 1717 by the
943:[Importance of habitats for animal survival].
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the hill was covered with meadows, vineyards and many
508:. The most common tree species in the forest include
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241:). Historically, Zvezdara hill was known as Veliki
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789:(in Serbian). JKP Zelenilo-Beograd. Archived from
205:). The forest is bordered by the neighborhood of
891:"Zvezdarska promenada sa trgovima i vidikovcima"
960:"Prestonica dobija još devet prirodnih dobara"
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360:on the east to reach the center of the city.
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443:. The promenade will have small squares and
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460:Zvezdara forest is an example of an urban
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197:. Karaburma marks the forest's northern (
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970:from the original on 27 September 2017
941:Значај станишта за животињски опстанак
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273:("Grandma Ruža's neighborhood"). King
939:Branka Vasiljević (5 October 2021).
870:from the original on 13 February 2022
860:"Strofe i refreni za Zvezdarsku šumu"
376:, FC Mladi proleter, FC Bulbulderac,
7:
889:Daliborka Mučibabić (10 July 2017),
706:from the original on 9 December 2022
694:Branka Vasiljević (23 March 2015).
958:Vladimir Vukasović (9 June 2013),
696:"Čišćenje pluća fabrike kiseonika"
14:
1004:Astronomical Observatory Belgrade
903:from the original on 11 July 2017
858:Marko Luković (30 October 2009).
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1009:Science Technology Park Belgrade
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651:northern white-breasted hedgehog
426:Science Technology Park Belgrade
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49:
33:
405:, and thus creating Belgrade's
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1270:Pastures of the Great Bustard
1240:Koviljsko-petrovaradinski rit
649:Protected mammal species are
586:, while the reptiles include
542:are typical for this area:
335:Zvezdara forest in the fall
201:) and northeastern border (
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899:(in Serbian), p. 14,
843:daily, April 9, 2007, p.16
816:daily, July 16, 2007, p.25
344:The forest is generally a
1200:Stari Begej – Carska Bara
1135:Protected areas of Serbia
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947:(in Serbian). p. 16.
830:(in Serbian). p. 17.
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744:(in Serbian), p. 23
435:which would connect the
65:Location within Belgrade
1444:Ćelije hydroacumulation
264:Ernst Gideon von Laudon
1225:Jelašnička river Gorge
336:
1474:Lepterija - Soko Grad
1305:Trešnjica river Gorge
999:at Wikimedia Commons
592:European green lizard
544:sweetscented bedstraw
474:American mountain ash
387:Belgrade New Cemetery
334:
1412:outstanding features
468:and typical for the
382:Dragoslava Srejovića
191:Dragoslava Srejovića
1494:Veliko Ratno Ostrvo
1464:River Pčinja Valley
1366:Šargan - Mokra Gora
1285:Selevenjske pustare
580:European green toad
415:Beogradski Sindikat
104: /
1459:Ovčar-Kablar Gorge
1190:Brzansko Moravište
926:2015-12-22 at the
665:Zvedara forest is
596:common wall lizard
494:European white-elm
378:Omladinski stadion
372:(FC 29. Novembar,
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328:mountain instead.
229:on the northeast.
213:on the southeast,
1578:Forests of Serbia
1573:Parks in Belgrade
1560:
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1518:Natural monuments
1489:Subotička Peščara
1454:Miruša Waterfalls
1449:Mali Rzav Springs
1220:Gornje Podunavlje
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1052:Forests of Serbia
995:Media related to
675:IUCN Category III
632:Eurasian blackcap
600:Caspian whipsnake
552:white dead-nettle
540:Herbaceous plants
445:scenic viewpoints
275:Peter I of Serbia
160:, the capital of
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108:44.804°N 20.510°E
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340:Characteristics
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142:Звездарска шума
134:Zvezdara Forest
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1083:Šalinac Grove
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506:Turkish hazel
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466:allochthonous
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306:opservatorija
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239:Rospi Ćuprija
232:
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209:on the east,
208:
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127:Open all year
126:
122:
117:
89:
87:
83:
79:
76:
52:
43:
36:
31:
22:
17:
1552:Vlasina Lake
1429:Gradac Gorge
1381:Sićevo Gorge
1341:Begečka jama
1334:Nature parks
1295:Suva Planina
1290:Slano Kopovo
1255:Obedska bara
1092:
1068:Molin Forest
989:
972:, retrieved
963:
953:
944:
934:
916:
905:, retrieved
894:
884:
872:. Retrieved
836:
827:
821:
795:. Retrieved
791:the original
764:(in Serbian)
759:
739:
708:. Retrieved
689:
664:
648:
604:
573:
564:blackberries
538:
514:black poplar
510:black locust
490:Norway maple
478:white poplar
459:
436:
430:
423:
391:
381:
367:
354:mass wasting
343:
318:
313:
309:
305:
298:
270:
268:
259:
236:
190:
187:
145:
133:
132:
1532:Marble cave
1520:(selection)
1434:Kamena Gora
1235:Karađorđevo
1154:Fruška Gora
628:nightingale
498:walnut tree
482:cherry tree
441:Bogoslovija
411:Dejan Cukić
374:FC Zvezdara
350:košava wind
283:World War I
251:East Vračar
247:West Vračar
227:Bogoslovija
223:Zvezdara II
211:Zeleno Brdo
111: /
86:Coordinates
1567:Categories
1396:Stara Tisa
1371:Lake Palić
1320:Vinatovača
1250:Lake Ludaš
1088:Vinatovača
797:2017-05-11
681:References
661:Protection
624:little owl
584:agile frog
548:wood avens
534:Scots pine
530:black pine
424:In 2012 a
321:ski pistes
295:Jan Dubový
287:brickyards
279:the Danube
99:20°30′36″E
96:44°48′14″N
80:, Belgrade
1376:Ponjavica
1245:Kraljevac
1185:Bagremara
1063:Košutnjak
667:protected
636:great tit
620:scops owl
612:tawny owl
502:field elm
433:esplanade
308:replaced
219:Bulbulder
195:Karaburma
174:Košutnjak
1583:Zvezdara
1484:Sopoćani
1401:Zlatibor
1356:Jegrička
1325:Zasavica
1275:Prebreza
1159:Kopaonik
1073:Topčider
968:archived
964:Politika
945:Politika
924:Archived
901:archived
896:Politika
868:Archived
864:Politika
828:Politika
814:Politika
761:Politika
741:Politika
704:Archived
700:Politika
606:include
588:slowworm
560:cleavers
451:Wildlife
407:greenway
395:Ada Huja
370:stadiums
364:Features
346:crescent
310:zvezdara
303:Latinism
299:zvezdara
215:Zvezdara
207:Mirijevo
184:Location
178:Topčider
172:. After
170:Palilula
166:Zvezdara
158:Belgrade
78:Zvezdara
74:Location
1509:Zaovine
1499:Vlasina
1391:Tikvara
1361:Kamaraš
1265:Osredak
974:24 June
907:12 July
669:as the
570:Animals
470:ruderal
462:biotope
437:Volgina
403:avenues
358:Pančevo
260:Volgina
256:Austria
148:) is a
138:Serbian
1439:Kosmaj
1351:Grmija
1346:Golija
1280:Prokop
1195:Bukovo
1149:Đerdap
874:11 May
710:11 May
642:, and
456:Plants
399:Šumice
314:zvezda
243:Vračar
203:Ćalije
162:Serbia
154:forest
1469:Radan
1419:Avala
1260:Okanj
1230:Jerma
486:birch
326:Avala
291:Czech
1310:Uvac
1169:Tara
976:2017
909:2017
876:2017
712:2017
622:and
598:and
582:and
562:and
532:and
504:and
419:ares
397:and
221:and
176:and
150:park
124:Open
1479:Ras
1215:Goč
156:in
1569::
962:,
893:,
866:.
848:^
806:^
770:^
750:^
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657:.
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249:,
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800:.
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673:(
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136:(
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