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of a metabolic pathway, now recognized as a major mechanism of metabolic regulation. Moreover, Dische realized from the outset that this was more than just a curious observation, but one with implications for metabolic regulation, as now universally understood. Unfortunately, however, he was working
310:
Dische was ahead of his time in pointing out that the phosphorylation of glucose is the first step in the biosynthesis of phosphoglycerate and that its inhibition by phosphoglycerate might constitute an important regulatory process in phosphoglycerate formation. This little known report appears to
269:
In 1941 he moved to the US and worked as a research fellow at the
Biochemistry Department the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He was appointed assistant professor in 1948, associated professor in 1952, full professor in 1957 and emeritus professor and lecturer in 1963. From
328:
I do not think any of us working with bacterial systems were aware of the experiments of
Zacharias Dische, who, during the time of the occupation of France, had shown a control of glucose phosphorylation in red cell lysates by the phosphoglycerates. Had his paper describing those experiments been
303:
in very difficult conditions as a Jewish refugee during wartime. Not only that, he published his results in French in a journal that was very little read and has now disappeared. As a consequence his paper passed almost unnoticed, though it was discussed favourably by
31:
293:
While working in
Marseilles, Dische discovered that glucose phosphorylation in human blood cells is inhibited by phosphoglycerates, a very surprising result as these are not the initial products of the
321:
Nonetheless, despite these positive assessments by leading biochemists of the time, the discovery of feedback regulation is almost always attributed to two much more recent reports. Much later
240:
From 1924 he researched on intermediary metabolism of blood cells at the
University of Vienna, and developed simple methods for determining the amount of sugars present in tissues, such as his
1030:
325:, the author of one of these papers, wrote in a retrospective article that none of the people working on metabolic regulation in bacteria had been aware of Dische's work:
1035:
222:
This account of Dische's life before he moved to the USA is based on the
Memorial Book for the Victims of National Socialism at the University of Vienna in 1938.
259:
government as a Jew: he lost his position and was expelled from the university in 1938. His mother, his sister and his grandmother died in concentration camps.
340:
Dische devoted most of the latter part of his career to work in ophthalmology, investigating, for example, the effects of light on transparent eye tissues.
579:
Dische, Z. (1941). "Sur l'interdépendance des divers enzymes du système glycolytique et sur la régulation automatique de leur activité dans les cellules".
1015:
248:, which is used to distinguish DNA from RNA. In 1931 he became assistant professor at the physiological department at the Philosophical School of the
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509:
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Cornish-Bowden, A. (2021). "Zacharias Dische and the discovery of feedback inhibition: A landmark paper published in the forerunner of
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1000:
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Smelser, G K (1965). "On the presentation of the
Proctor Medal of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology to Zacharias Dische".
995:
404:
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He was able to emigrate to France and worked temporarily in Paris, and after 1940 at the
Department of Medical Chemistry at
990:
263:
168:
920:
Dische, Z; Cremer-Bartels, G. (1975). "Some biochemical aspects of light effects on transparent eye tissues".
1025:
381:"Memorial Book for the Victims of National Socialism at the University of Vienna in 1938: Zacharias Dische"
187:(18 February 1895 – 17 January 1988) was an American biochemist. He worked as a biochemical researcher in
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Umbarger, H. E. (1956). "Evidence for a negative-feedback mechanism in the biosynthesis of isoleucine".
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Monod, J.; Changeux, J.-P.; Jacob, F. (1963). "Allosteric
Proteins and Cellular Control Systems".
649:. Advances in Enzymology – and Related Areas of Molecular Biology. Vol. 28. pp. 41–154.
627:
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1948 on he also was head of the chemical research department at the institute of ophthalmology.
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Dische was awarded the
Proctor Medal of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology in 1965.
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reaction, which catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose by ATP. This was the first report of
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457:"Rapid Colorimetric Assays to Qualitatively Distinguish RNA and DNA in Biomolecular Samples"
285:(1986) that she directed is based on her father and refers to his situation in his old age.
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more widely known, his experiments would certainly have had a seminal effect on the field.
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to become a refugee, first in France and then in the US, where he joined the faculty of
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266:. There he discovered feedback inhibition in metabolism, discussed in detail below.
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Dische himself had earlier published a retrospective article about his discovery.
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281:, has given a somewhat fictionalized account of his life in New Jersey. The film
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he made a major discovery that is little known and usually attributed to others.
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237:, at the Medical School at the University of Vienna as Doctor of Medicine.
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307:, one of the most prominent biochemists of the US in the post-war years:
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Cohen, G. N. (1965). "Regulation of Enzyme
Activity in Microorganisms".
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contain the first description of a recognized feedback control system.
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135:
Proctor Medal of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology (1965)
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Stadtman, E.R. (1966). "Allosteric regulation of enzyme activity".
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and colleagues, made similar assessments of Dische's contribution.
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647:
Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology
893:
Dische, Z. (1975). "The discovery of feedback inhibition".
527:"Control and regulation of pathways via negative feedback"
846:"The origin of a useful concept — Feedback inhibition"
233:) in 1913 and graduated in 1921, after service in the
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obituary: Zacharias Dische, 92; A Researcher of DNA"
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289:Feedback inhibition of glycolysis in liver cells
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219:(present-day Ukraine) in a Jewish family.
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225:He enrolled at the Medical School of the
435:"DNA-Dische Diphenylamine Determination"
1036:Austrian emigrants to the United States
801:"Control of pyrimidine biosynthesis in
504:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
369:
531:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
399:
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252:and head of the chemical laboratory.
7:
799:Yates, R. A.; Pardee, A. B. (1956).
314:Others, including Georges Cohen and
700:10.1146/annurev.mi.19.100165.000541
348:Dische died on 17 January 1988 in
14:
1016:20th-century American biochemists
461:Journal of Visualized Experiments
455:Patterson, J.; Mura, C. (2013).
277:Dische's daughter, the novelist
16:American biochemist (1895–1988)
1:
822:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65188-9
735:10.1016/s0022-2836(63)80091-1
907:10.1016/0968-0004(76)90333-9
778:10.1126/science.123.3202.848
616:10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.013
199:in 1943. During his time in
1011:Columbia University faculty
1006:University of Vienna alumni
191:before being forced by the
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113:Regulation of glycolysis,
1021:Jews from Austria-Hungary
1001:Scientists from Marseille
805:by a feed-back mechanism"
655:10.1002/9780470122730.ch2
336:Research on ophthalmology
255:He was persecuted by the
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139:
28:
844:Umbarger, H. E. (1992).
502:The Empress of Weehawken
275:The Empress of Weehawken
264:Aix-Marseille University
169:Aix-Marseille University
996:Scientists from Vienna
862:10.1002/pro.5560011019
544:10.1098/rsif.2016.0848
500:Dische, Irene (2007).
90:Austria, United States
581:Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol
350:Englewood, New Jersey
235:Austro-Hungarian Army
227:University of Lemberg
99:University of Lemberg
79:Englewood, New Jersey
688:Annu. Rev. Microbiol
525:Sauro, H.M. (2017).
250:University of Vienna
165:University of Vienna
895:Trends Biochem. Sci
770:1956Sci...123..848U
300:feedback inhibition
211:Dische was born in
197:Columbia University
173:Columbia University
115:feedback inhibition
991:People from Sambir
949:Invest. Ophthalmol
413:The New York Times
901:(12): N269–N270.
856:(10): 1392–1395.
664:978-0-470-12273-0
537:(129): 20160848.
511:978-0-374-29912-5
415:. 23 January 1988
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417:. Retrieved
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384:. Retrieved
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279:Irene Dische
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161:Institutions
151:Biochemistry
140:
125:Irene Dische
73:(1988-01-23)
986:1988 deaths
981:1895 births
850:Protein Sci
694:: 105–126.
610:: 120–130.
246:Dische test
244:assay, the
87:Nationality
975:Categories
364:References
296:hexokinase
201:Marseilles
127:, novelist
48:1895-02-18
632:227948364
604:Biochimie
600:Biochimie
283:Zacharias
193:Anschluss
831:13357469
786:13324101
743:13936070
624:33285219
563:28202588
487:23407542
440:12 March
419:12 March
386:12 March
121:Children
961:5319138
934:1122095
880:1303757
871:2142110
766:Bibcode
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213:Sambor
189:Vienna
147:Fields
132:Awards
81:, U.S.
56:Sambor
628:S2CID
356:Medal
344:Death
957:PMID
930:PMID
876:PMID
827:PMID
782:PMID
739:PMID
704:PMID
669:PMID
659:ISBN
620:PMID
559:PMID
506:ISBN
483:PMID
442:2021
421:2021
388:2021
257:Nazi
231:Lviv
207:Life
103:Lviv
68:Died
38:Born
903:doi
866:PMC
858:doi
817:doi
813:221
774:doi
762:123
731:doi
696:doi
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612:doi
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549:PMC
539:doi
473:PMC
465:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
