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163:'s first voyage to the Pacific and the first among Cook's crew to sight mainland Australia. A dependable officer who had risen swiftly through the ranks, Hicks conducted liaison and military duties for Cook, including command of shore parties in Rio de Janeiro and the kidnapping of a Tahitian chieftain in order to force indigenous assistance in the recovery of deserters. Hicks' quick thinking while in temporary command of
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514:, recorded that Hicks had given him the following translations of indigenous speech: "boorwee" meaning three; "warregal" meaning dog; "mareeyang" meaning large bird; "mayanga" meaning to fly; "gong" meaning sun; "eednarda" meaning moon; "padoo" meaning water; "bemalle" meaning earth; and "gooiyong" meaning fire.
271:
483:
He is memorialised in the inscription on a monument at Point Hicks, which reads, "Lieutenant James Cook, R.N. of the
Endeavour, first sighted Australia near this point which he named Point Hicks, after Lieutenant Zachary Hicks who first saw the land." A matching inscription is affixed to the monument
376:
was due to depart, two of her marines deserted to the mountains to stay with their
Tahitian "wives". Cook deputised Hicks to secure their return, ordering him to kidnap local chief Tootaha and three others in order to force the Tahitians to reveal where the deserters were hiding. The kidnapping was a
448:
As Cook recorded in his journal, the cause of Hickes' death was "a
Consumption of which he was not free from when we saild from England so that it may be truly said that he hath been dieing ever sence, though he held out tolerable well until we got to Batavia." His remains were buried at sea off the
384:
s surgeon
William Monkhouse and four of her crew, and holding them hostage near the shore. Again Cook turned to Hicks, who led a strong detachment of marines to the shore and threatened that "the Chiefs would suffer for it" if the hostages were not freed. Hicks' threat succeeded – Monkhouse and the
435:
when more than a dozen gathered on the beach to watch his men collect water. Cook observed in his journal that "Mister Hicks did all in his power to entice them to him by offering them presents and company but it was to no purpose, all they seem'd to want was for us to be gone." Hickes nonetheless
324:
On 19 November Hicks was again sent ashore, to present a letter from Cook to the viceroy. On arrival at Rio's docks he objected when a
Portuguese soldier boarded his boat and refused to leave, at which point he and his crew were arrested and taken under guard from the shore. Portuguese authorities
419:
into the uncharted waters of the South
Pacific. He was credited with locating Hicks Bay in New Zealand, and then with being the first to see the mainland of Australia near today's Point Hicks (land was sighted on his morning watch). Cook recorded both those names after him.
430:
in eastern
Australia on 29 April 1770. After the initial landing by Cook, Hicks was given command of the shore party with responsibility for collecting water and wood to resupply the ship. In this role Hickes made the expedition's first sustained contact with
185:
Yet despite his vigorous service Hicks was dogged by ill health, which worsened as the voyage progressed. He died in May 1771 of a consumptive illness likely contracted before sailing from
England, and his remains were buried at sea off the Atlantic island of
411:
on the eastward side of the island to time the beginning and end of the transit, but their figures did not match those of other observers. A disappointed Cook was forced to record the differing figures and settle on an average between them.
613:"Correspondence between the Conde de Azambuja, Vice Roy of the Estate of Brazil, and Lieutenant James Cook, Commander His Britannick Majesty's Ship Endeavour" (19–22 November 1768), cited in Beaglehole 1968, pp. 491–493
1418:
336:
which the
Portuguese suggested had been lost. Portuguese authorities accused Hicks of threatening their soldiers' lives and of displaying "petulancy and imprudence"; they asked that he be confined to
201:
Zachary's surname was usually, but not always, spelt Hicks in the journals of Cook and Banks. The family used the spelling Hickes, and
Zachary's commission has that spelling.
340:
and not return to shore. However Cook considered that Hicks had offered no provocation to Portuguese authorities that would justify their depriving him of his boat and command.
332:
s pinnace and imprisoned the crew, sending Hicks back to his ship alone. After formal protests from Cook, Hicks' crew was released and the vessel returned but without its
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298:
reached the Portuguese port of Rio de Janeiro on 13 November 1768. There Hicks was given his first specific duties by Cook: to put ashore in command of the ship's
1141:
480:
describes him as "a man of ability" but without "the chance to shine ... an invaluable man, probably, on any expedition; but perhaps born to be a lieutenant."
461:
874:
302:, to make contact with local authorities and to seek permission to replenish the ship's supplies. The engagement did not go well, as the Portuguese viceroy
901:
1413:
1182:
1066:
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in August 1767, and to acting lieutenant on the same vessel in March 1768. His officer's commission was formalised on 26 May 1768 with a transfer to
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1193:
348:
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were detained on shore while answers were sought from Cook regarding his vessel, armaments and number of crew. The pinnace was returned to
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persisted, with sufficient interaction over the following days for him to interpret a few words of the indigenous language.
1327:
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A catalogue of the different specimens of cloth collected in the three voyages of Captain Cook, to the Southern Hemisphere
1261:
444:
Hickes died of a consumptive lung infection on 26 May 1771, the third anniversary of his commission as lieutenant aboard
1398:
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1317:
488:
in North Yorkshire. A street crescent in the Melbourne suburb of Endeavour Hills bears the name Zachary Hicks Crescent.
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77:
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The Journals of Captain James Cook on His Voyages of Discovery, vol. I:The Voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771
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533:
992:
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432:
393:
270:
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without Hicks, and he and Clerke were only permitted to return to their ship after some hours' delay.
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976:
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Smith, Keith Vincent (January 2003). "1770: The Endeavour Lists: Forgotten Words from Botany Bay".
274:
Portuguese viceroy Antônio Rolim de Moura, on whose authority Hicks was detained in Rio de Janeiro
1111:
732:
218:
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sailors were released, the Tahitians found and returned the deserters, and all were restored to
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175:
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Correspondence, Admiralty to Navy Board, 25 March 1768. Cited in Beaglehole 1968, p. 610
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in April 1769. Hicks' abilities as a leader were tested when, three days before
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17:
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Hicks Bay on New Zealand's east coast. First sighted by Zachary Hicks from
282:
were uneventful. He is not mentioned in the journals of either Cook or the
392:
On 3 June Cook chose Hicks as one of the six men designated to record the
736:
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success but the stratagem failed; the Tahitians responded by abducting
210:
47:
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As an officer, Hicks was well regarded but not exceptional. Historian
852:
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841:
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347:
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214:
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Captain Cook's Journal During the First Voyage Round the World
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in 1739. He enlisted or was pressed into military service at
731:(1). Australian Institute of Policy and Science: 32–37, 40.
1419:
Military personnel from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
453:, with what Cook described as "the usual ceremonies."
356:
off the coast of New Holland. By Samuel Atkins c. 1794
217:
and first appears in navy muster-books as serving as
27:
British Royal Navy officer who Sailed with James Cook
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368:and continued westward across the Pacific to reach
135:
125:
117:
97:
66:
54:
41:
34:
1276:Observations Made During a Voyage Round the World
681:
679:
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667:
556:
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310:was on a scientific mission. Instead, Hicks and
232:from 1766. A skilled seaman, he was promoted to
657:
655:
570:
568:
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415:Departing Tahiti, Hicks travelled onward with
868:
8:
640:James Cook, cited in Beaglehole 1968, p. 116
403:s voyage was ostensibly based. Hicks joined
254:as second lieutenant and second-in-command.
902:1769 transit of Venus observed from Tahiti
875:
861:
853:
712:– via National Library of Australia.
609:
607:
389:along with a peace offering of four pigs.
31:
484:at the site of Cook's former cottage in
1255:A Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas
525:
7:
407:Richard Pickersgill and Second Mate
1231:Hawaii Sesquicentennial half dollar
25:
182:in New Zealand in November 1769.
155:(1739 – 25 May 1771) was a
1414:English explorers of the Pacific
1323:Puhi Kai Iti / Cook Landing Site
926:
104:
83:
71:
58:May 1771 (aged 31–32)
774:Collingridge, Vanessa (2002).
761:. Cambridge University Press.
538:The Captain Cook Society (CCS)
170:also saved the lives of Cook,
159:officer, second-in-command on
1:
1262:Characteres generum plantarum
704:. 26 January 1935. p. 16
534:"Zachary Hickes (1736-1771)"
506:In a note dated 2 May 1770,
205:Early life and naval service
278:Hicks' early months aboard
178:when they were attacked by
1435:
1209:Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne
601:Beaglehole 1968, pp. 23–24
592:Beaglehole 1968, pp. 22–23
1248:An Account of the Voyages
924:
701:The Sydney Morning Herald
661:Collingridge 2002, p. 136
449:South Atlantic island of
198:are named in his honour.
1353:Voyage on a Dinner Table
1269:A Voyage Round the World
797:. Hodder and Stoughton.
560:Beaglehole 1968, p. cxxx
306:refused to believe that
194:and eastern Australia's
78:Kingdom of Great Britain
1057:Johann Reinhold Forster
829:, second edition 2003,
793:Hough, Richard (1995).
685:Beaglehole 1968, p. 471
673:Beaglehole 1968, p. 306
649:Beaglehole 1968, p. 115
631:Hough 1995, pp. 131–132
574:Beaglehole 1968, p. 591
1345:Stormy Was the Weather
1310:James Cook Collection:
622:Beaglehole 1968, p. 25
473:
433:indigenous Australians
357:
304:Antônio Rolim de Moura
275:
510:, able seaman aboard
472:deck, 31 October 1769
464:
351:
273:
161:Lieutenant James Cook
118:Years of service
823:H. M. Bark Endeavour
725:Australian Quarterly
1399:Royal Navy officers
1394:People from Stepney
1214:St Kilda, Melbourne
1047:Alexander Dalrymple
344:Pacific exploration
139:Second-in-command,
1361:Captain James Cook
1112:Nathaniel Portlock
884:Captain James Cook
795:Captain James Cook
474:
358:
276:
209:Hicks was born in
1371:
1370:
1313:Australian Museum
1300:Birthplace Museum
1219:Hyde Park, Sydney
847:Project Gutenberg
804:978-0-340-82556-3
426:made landfall in
352:Hicks' ship, HMS
236:aboard the sloop
150:
149:
16:(Redirected from
1426:
1204:The Mall, London
1107:Sydney Parkinson
1027:Alexander Buchan
930:
877:
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778:. Random House.
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755:Beaglehole, J.C.
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286:supernumeraries
190:. New Zealand's
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696:"CAPTAIN COOK"
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36:Zachary Hicks
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1199:Christchurch
1184:
1092:David Nelson
1087:John Ledyard
1076:
1032:James Burney
1012:Joseph Banks
994:
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913:Third voyage
898:First voyage
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776:Captain Cook
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708:27 September
706:. Retrieved
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541:. Retrieved
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451:Saint Helena
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188:Saint Helena
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172:Joseph Banks
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1389:1771 deaths
1384:1739 births
1328:Cook Island
1162:John Webber
1117:Edward Riou
508:Isaac Smith
486:Great Ayton
396:upon which
334:ensign flag
219:able seaman
196:Point Hicks
1409:James Cook
1378:Categories
1337:Depictions
1183:Zoffany's
1157:John Watts
1082:James King
1005:Associates
995:Resolution
819:Ray Parkin
785:0091879132
748:References
446:Endeavour.
428:Botany Bay
405:First Mate
245:James Cook
234:midshipman
229:Launceston
157:Royal Navy
130:Lieutenant
112:Royal Navy
67:Allegiance
1194:Anchorage
1067:John Gore
993:HMS
985:HMS
979:Grenville
977:HMS
971:Endeavour
969:HMS
961:HMS
955:Discovery
953:HMS
947:Adventure
945:HMS
767:223185477
520:Citations
512:Endeavour
497:Footnotes
467:Endeavour
457:Memorials
424:Endeavour
417:Endeavour
398:Endeavour
387:Endeavour
379:Endeavour
374:Endeavour
366:Cape Horn
362:Endeavour
354:Endeavour
338:Endeavour
327:Endeavour
319:Endeavour
308:Endeavour
296:Endeavour
280:Endeavour
260:Endeavour
251:Endeavour
249:HMS
238:HMS
227:HMS
192:Hicks Bay
167:Endeavour
165:HMS
146:1768–1771
143:Endeavour
121:1766–1771
61:St Helena
50:, England
1224:Victoria
1190:Statues
1176:Artworks
987:Pembroke
737:20638152
543:19 March
364:rounded
136:Commands
98:Service/
1293:Related
937:Vessels
891:Voyages
300:pinnace
258:Aboard
225:aboard
211:Stepney
91:Britain
48:Stepney
1364:(1986)
1356:(1954)
1348:(1948)
833:
801:
782:
765:
735:
470:'s
370:Tahiti
294:until
240:Hornet
109:
100:branch
88:
1240:Books
963:Eagle
917:Death
733:JSTOR
492:Notes
440:Death
401:'
382:'
330:'
215:Ripon
180:Māori
1097:Omai
831:ISBN
799:ISBN
780:ISBN
763:OCLC
710:2013
545:2020
290:and
221:and
174:and
141:HMS
126:Rank
55:Died
45:1739
42:Born
845:at
247:'s
1380::
825:,
821:,
729:75
727:.
698:.
678:^
666:^
654:^
606:^
565:^
553:^
536:.
919:)
915:(
904:)
900:(
876:e
869:t
862:v
807:.
788:.
769:.
739:.
547:.
20:)
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