101:, slaves directly from the slave ship from Africa, slaves which had a low price because of their young age or health condition; she then rented them out by pawning them for a fraction of their value for a period of some months, until they were healthy enough for her to find a buyer, after which she would take them back and sell them. This method ensured that should the slaves die before she could sell them, she would lose only the small difference of the payment upon the time of the pawn, and the small purchase price. During the
81:
of a white man who, when he died or left to settle in France, left her with money or property, enabling their former mistresses to support themselves as business women, and most colored business women had this background. Bellanton was unusual in the sense that she, as far as it was known, started
61:
in Saint
Domingue was particularly known as the most wealthy in the Caribbean, the number of truly wealthy free colored were nevertheless small. While it was unusual for white women to engage in business, it was common for free women of color to do so: two thirds of the clients of color appearing
125:
Her business method was regarded to be immoral even in the contemporary slave economy of Saint
Domingue, but it was enormously lucrative and gave her a standard in class with the white planters. She invested her profit in urban real estate and owned several houses in Cap-Francais, one of them
54:
Zabeau
Bellanton was to become the most successful businesswoman in the colony, a success somewhat unusual for both her combined gender and race in Saint Domingue. While the free people of color often engaged in business, and the
138:
In 1782, Zabeau
Bellanton left Saint Domingue for France, which was common for the elite in Saint Domingue, who often left the colony to settle in France when they could afford to do so.
112:
or business manager Justin Viart, but in reality, she seem to have had unofficial business partners who invested in her activity, even white partners. She is known to have paid
70:
to buy or sell property in 1776-1789 were women. However, only three of them; Zabeau
Bellanton of Cap-Francais, Jeanne-Genevieve Deslandes of Port-au-Prince, and
380:
425:
420:
385:
94:(Jam - or jelly maker), but was in reality engaged in slave trade, and invested the profit of her slave trade in urban real estate.
105:, she also bought illegally from smuggling British slave ships, and she also had contacts with the slave traders in Martinique.
113:
410:
415:
395:
390:
405:
400:
351:
225:
359:
344:
330:
315:
300:
285:
270:
255:
240:
211:
196:
102:
23:
1782), was a slave trader. She is known to have been the most successful business woman in the French colony of
375:
141:
Before her departure she left a will in which her fortune is evident: she left real property worth 1500
57:
28:
82:
and developed her business by herself rather than on money left to her by a former white lover.
47:, a free woman of color. Her father was unknown, and although she had a daughter listed to be a
158:
149:
to the priest of the parish of Le Cap to be distributed to poor white and free colored; 132
175:
118:
71:
67:
63:
40:
24:
369:
345:
Blue Coat Or
Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
331:
Blue Coat Or
Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
316:
Blue Coat Or
Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
301:
Blue Coat Or
Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
286:
Blue Coat Or
Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
271:
Blue Coat Or Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
256:
Blue Coat Or Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
241:
Blue Coat Or Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
197:
Blue Coat Or Powdered Wig: Free People of Color in Pre-revolutionary Saint Domingue
122:, which was likely in reality his share of profit for investing in her business.
170:
78:
51:, no lover or spouse is known, and the daughter bore her own name Bellaton.
77:
In Saint Domingue, it was very common for free women of color to become a
157:
and 10 percent of her real estate to her business manager Viart, with a
352:
Women in Port: Gendering Communities, Economies, and Social Networks in
226:
Women in Port: Gendering Communities, Economies, and Social Networks in
360:
The Plantation Machine: Atlantic Capitalism in French Saint-Domingue
212:
The Plantation Machine: Atlantic Capitalism in French Saint-Domingue
161:
to manage the affairs of her daughter until she became an adult.
39:
Zabeau Bellanton's background is largely unknown. She lived in
108:
Officially, she had no business partner aside from her
90:
She was officially listed in the notarial acts as a
153:as a monthly allowance to her mother; and 2000
74:of Cap-Francais, was counted as truly wealthy.
8:
97:Her business was to buy the cheapest of the
187:
130:, and six slaves for her personal use.
7:
145:to her godmother in usufruits; 3000
14:
357:Trevor Burnard, John Garrigus:
209:Trevor Burnard, John Garrigus:
114:Jean Baptiste Le Sueur Fontaine
1:
17:Elisabeth "Zabeau" Bellanton
381:18th-century Haitian people
442:
426:18th-century slave traders
421:18th-century businesswomen
386:People from Saint-Domingue
103:American Revolutionary War
62:before the notaries in
116:for a "loan" of 13884
411:Haitian slave traders
416:French slave traders
396:Free people of color
391:Haitian slave owners
43:and was listed as a
406:Women slave traders
401:Women slave owners
29:Haitian Revolution
342:Stewart R. King:
328:Stewart R. King:
313:Stewart R. King:
298:Stewart R. King:
283:Stewart R. King:
268:Stewart R. King:
253:Stewart R. King:
238:Stewart R. King:
194:Stewart R. King:
159:power of attorney
86:Business activity
433:
335:
326:
320:
311:
305:
296:
290:
281:
275:
266:
260:
251:
245:
236:
230:
222:
216:
207:
201:
192:
441:
440:
436:
435:
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432:
431:
430:
366:
365:
339:
338:
327:
323:
312:
308:
297:
293:
282:
278:
267:
263:
252:
248:
237:
233:
223:
219:
208:
204:
193:
189:
184:
167:
136:
88:
58:Gens de couleur
37:
12:
11:
5:
439:
437:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
368:
367:
364:
363:
355:
348:
337:
336:
321:
306:
291:
276:
261:
246:
231:
217:
202:
186:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
176:Simone Brocard
173:
166:
163:
135:
132:
87:
84:
72:Anne Rossignol
68:Port-au-Prince
36:
33:
25:Saint Domingue
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
438:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
371:
362:
361:
356:
354:
353:
349:
347:
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341:
340:
333:
332:
325:
322:
318:
317:
310:
307:
303:
302:
295:
292:
288:
287:
280:
277:
273:
272:
265:
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258:
257:
250:
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243:
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235:
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227:
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213:
206:
203:
199:
198:
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181:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
133:
131:
129:
123:
121:
120:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
95:
93:
85:
83:
80:
79:kept mistress
75:
73:
69:
65:
60:
59:
52:
50:
46:
42:
34:
32:
30:
27:prior to the
26:
22:
18:
376:1750s births
358:
350:
343:
329:
324:
314:
309:
299:
294:
284:
279:
269:
264:
254:
249:
239:
234:
224:
220:
210:
205:
195:
190:
154:
150:
146:
142:
140:
137:
127:
126:worth 18000
124:
117:
109:
107:
98:
96:
91:
89:
76:
56:
53:
48:
44:
38:
20:
16:
15:
171:Julie Dahey
64:Cap-Haïtien
49:quarteronne
41:Cap-Haïtien
19:(c. 1751 –
370:Categories
319:. p. 81-83
304:. p. 81-85
289:. p. 81-82
274:. p. 81-83
259:. p. 81-82
182:References
134:Later life
92:confiseuse
45:mulatresse
110:procureur
229:. p. 375
165:See also
244:. p. 81
215:. p. 63
200:. p. 81
99:bossale
155:livres
151:livres
147:livres
143:livres
128:livres
119:livres
21:after
334:. p.
35:Life
66:or
372::
31:.
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