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40:
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The government
Minister of Energy said the river would be opened five years from 2024. In 2015 the government promised to fully open the river in 2018 then in 2021 promised to do it in 2023. The government had reallocated the water from the river to other provinces cities and industries from 1980s. A
510:
divided the flow of the
Zayandeh River into 33 parts which were then specifically allotted to the eight major districts within the region. At the district level the water flow was divided either on a time basis, or by the use of variable weirs, so that the proportion could be maintained regardless of
514:
For centuries
Isfahan city had been an oasis settlement, noted for its surrounding fertile lands and prosperity. Until the 1960s industrial demand for water was minimal, which enabled the scarce water resources to be utilized primarily for agriculture. With a growing population within the basin, and
612:
The dryness of the river has caused hundreds of thousands of residents down the river to become unemployed and has led to their seasonal or complete migration to other provinces or the city of
Isfahan. This has caused a lot of damage to the farmers, so that during these years the farmers of Isfahan
580:
While the drying-out of the lower reaches of the
Zayandeh River has been attributed to drought, the main reasons are man-made. Poor planning and populist politics have led to years of mismanagement and overuse which resulted in seasonal dry-outs and ultimately caused the river to dry out completely
589:
Zayandehroud River lost its permanent flow since 2006 and the people and farmers of this city faced a water shortage crisis. In addition to the lack of water due to the lack of snow and rain, the main reasons for the drying up of
Zayandehroud are related to human errors, which can be summarized in
293:
390:
The
Zayandeh River basin has an area of 41,500 square kilometres (16,000 sq mi), an altitude from 3,974 metres (13,038 ft) to 1,466 metres (4,810 ft), an average rain fall of 130 millimetres (5 in) and a monthly average temperature of 3 °C (37 °F) to 29 °C
386:
The
Zayandeh used to have significant flow all year long, unlike many of Iran's rivers which are seasonal, but today it runs dry due to water extraction before reaching the city of Esfahan. In the early 2010s, the lower reaches of the river dried out completely after several years of seasonal
1353:
415:) per day in urban areas and 150 litres (40 US gallons/33 imp gallons) per day in villages. In the 1970s, the flow of the river was estimated at 1.2 cubic kilometres (0.3 cu mi) per annum, or 38 cubic metres (1,340 cu ft) per second.
1309:
1346:
1310:
https://www.sharghdaily.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-100/301779-%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7
600:
Creating structural dams and reservoirs for the development of agriculture in the mirage of the watershed. Establishment of large industries such as
Isfahan Iron Smelter, Isfahan Oil Refinery, Isfahan Petrochemical, Chemical Industries,
1094:
862:
761:, bridges, parks, paddle boats and traditional cafes and restaurants amongst the rest of Esfahan rich cultural heritage, are major tourist attractions for Iranian as well as international visitors.
919:
1919:
838:
1065:
1914:
549:
80% of the
Zayandeh's extracted water is used for agriculture, 10% for human consumption (drinking and domestic needs of a population of 4.5 million), 7% for industry (like the
569:
River (Iran's largest river that also starts in the Zagros Mountains), to the Zayandeh. These have helped provide water for the growing population and new industries in both
530:
project in 1972 was a major hydroelectric project to help with stabilizing water flow and generating electricity. The dam was initially named Shah Abbas Dam after
1086:
1002:
855:
391:(84 °F). There are 2,700 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) of irrigated land in the Zayandeh River basin, with water derived from the nine main
1414:
1377:
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1179:
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rising standards of living particularly within the city, the pressure on water resources steadily increased until the division of water
594:
372:
1934:
1035:
1465:
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As of November 2023 a water supply tunnel Kohrang has been under development by Iranian government for more than 20 years.
1939:
948:
1480:
987:
424:
1275:
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277:
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1197:
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815:
812:"تحلیلی بر نوشتار فارسی و انگلیسی عبارت "زایندهرود" در مقالات و موتورهای جستجو - مرجع تخصصی حوضه زایندهرود"
1473:
789:
602:
593:
Converting 180,000 hectares of natural resource pastures into gardens upstream of the Zayandehroud River in
411:
provinces. Before the drying-out, water diverted per person was 240 litres (63 US gallons/53
423:
People have lived on the banks of the Zayandeh for thousands of years. An ancient prehistoric culture, the
1944:
1503:
609:
and many industries that use a lot of water, such as power plants, etc., on the banks of Zayandeh River.
546:
in 1979. Since 1972, the Chadegan Reservoir has helped prevent seasonal flooding of the Zayandeh River.
427:, flourished along the banks of the Zayandeh in the 6th Millennium BC. The Zayandeh crosses the city of
729:
400:
707:
606:
519:
was no longer feasible. The creation of large steel works and other new industries demanded water.
845: : "The Zayandeh rood river in Isfahan, one of Iran's main tourist attraction, has dried up."
470:(an American scholar of Iranian and Central Asian Studies) has also requested to be buried there.
1858:
1567:
1547:
1401:
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561:, refinery and power plants) and 3% for other uses. There have been a number of tunnel projects (
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in lateral valleys. Zayandeh River water gave life to the people of central Iran mainly in
1783:
1537:
1334:
1316:
856:""Zayandeh River Basin Short Profile" International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka"
842:
535:
467:
447:), to distribute Zayandeh water to Isfahan's suburbs. The Zayandeh riverbed is spanned by
440:
348:
1027:
941:"Staff (18 April 2005) "American Iranologist Wills wants to be Buried in Isfahan, Iran"
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988:"Urban spirit and heritage conservation problems: case study Isfahan city in Iran"
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39:
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working water project development that had been previously blocked by government
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1087:"Iranians gather in mass protest against water crisis caused by dried-up river"
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Built in the 11th century (foundations back to the 5th century AD) (pedestrian)
1817:
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1058:"Thousands protest dried-up river in Iran's Isfahan as water crisis swells"
644:
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Until the 1960s in Isfahan Province the distribution of water followed the
486:
17:
1271:
1672:
1636:
1520:
562:
523:
364:
269:
The Origin of Zayanderud, Koohrang tunnel extracts water from inside the
1327:
1727:
758:
495:
448:
428:
380:
375:. It flows 400 kilometres (249 mi) eastward before ending in the
1846:
1836:
1193:
1154:
972:
Beaumont, Peter (October 1974) "Water Resource Development in Iran"
888:
Beaumont, Peter (October 1974) "Water Resource Development in Iran"
265:
261:
Map of the Zayandeh river and the Zayandeh/Gavkhouni drainage basin
1621:
811:
643:
566:
485:
396:
292:
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264:
778:
1498:
574:
432:
408:
352:
82:
1469:
527:
506:, a document claimed to date from the 16th Century. The
625:
database for water share allocating had been proposed.
451:
era bridges, and the river used to flow through parks.
904:"American's Wish for Iranian Burial Riles Hard-Liners"
779:"Gavkhouni Lake and marshes of the lower Zaindeh Rud"
1881:
1857:
1816:
1797:
1690:
1671:
1601:
1510:
466:are buried in a small mausoleum on the river bank.
239:
231:
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Gavkhouni Lake and marshes of the lower Zaindeh Rud
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117:
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97:
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1920:Landforms of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
757:In the section of the Zayandeh River crossing
613:have rioted and protested at different times.
1481:
968:
966:
884:
882:
662:Bridges on Zayandeh River in City of Esfahan:
329:
318:
57:
8:
1915:Rivers of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
1488:
1474:
1466:
1397:"The Empty River of Life (Published 2015)"
454:American archaeologists and historians of
443:), designed and built a system of canals (
379:swamp, a seasonal salt lake, southeast of
477:
276:
256:
770:
654:There are several new and old bridges (
180:41,500 km (16,020 sq mi)
1376:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1369:
1295:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1288:
1256:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1249:
1217:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1210:
1178:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1171:
1139:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1132:
720:Built in the 17th century (pedestrian)
29:
1328:https://www.mehrnews.com/amp/5730165/
1028:"Iranian tourist attraction dries up"
334:
323:
238:
230:
222:
213:
202:38 m/s (1,300 cu ft/s)
7:
1008:from the original on 22 October 2012
951:from the original on 12 October 2005
792:from the original on 15 January 2019
395:units of the Zayandeh River, wells,
534:, the most influential king of the
330:
319:
314:
986:Assari, Ali; Erfan Assari (2012).
595:Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province
373:Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
25:
1497:
38:
1417:from the original on 2020-12-15
1395:Erdbrink, Thomas (2015-05-05).
1359:from the original on 2023-11-25
1278:from the original on 2023-11-25
1239:from the original on 2023-11-25
1200:from the original on 2023-11-25
1161:from the original on 2023-11-25
1122:from the original on 2023-11-25
1097:from the original on 2023-04-19
1068:from the original on 2023-04-19
1038:from the original on 2023-04-19
922:from the original on 2021-09-10
902:Erdbrink, Thomas (2014-04-14).
868:from the original on 2007-06-10
818:from the original on 2023-07-17
617:Closing the river and rerouting
585:Drying up of Zayandehroud river
328:"fertile" or "life-giver", and
557:steel companies and Isfahan's
490:Zayanderud as it passes under
439:(a scholar and adviser to the
347:, is the largest river of the
1:
1925:Landforms of Isfahan province
943:Cultural Heritage News Agency
565:) to redirect water from the
123:3,974 m (13,038 ft)
89:Physical characteristics
976:140(3): pp. 418-431, p. 421
892:140(3): pp. 418-431, p. 427
658:) over the Zayandeh River.
164:1,466 m (4,810 ft)
160: • elevation
119: • elevation
995:Journal of American Science
425:Zayandeh River Civilization
363:The Zayandeh starts in the
143: • location
107: • location
58:
1961:
1910:Rivers of Isfahan Province
814:(in Persian). 2023-06-27.
726:Built in 1650 (pedestrian)
704:Built in 1632 (pedestrian)
674:Built in 1599 (pedestrian)
339:"river"), also spelled as
198: • average
786:Sites Information Service
634:Borujen, Ben water supply
581:before reaching Isfahan.
251:
247:
210:
206:
184:
172:400 km (249 mi)
127:
93:
49:
37:
1935:Endorheic basins of Asia
974:The Geographical Journal
890:The Geographical Journal
538:, but it was changed to
511:the height of the flow.
435:. In the 17th century,
603:Mobarakeh Steel Company
482:Zayanderud after sunset
289:Zayanderuz, summer 2018
281:Zayanderud, summer 2015
651:
499:
483:
474:Water use and division
315:Zāyanderūd ,زایندهرود
298:
290:
282:
274:
262:
1452:32.26250°N 52.90833°E
1062:www.timesofisrael.com
647:
590:the following cases:
489:
481:
296:
288:
280:
268:
260:
1940:Ramsar sites in Iran
597:and Faridan region.
1448: /
607:Sepahan Oil Company
1859:Hamun-e Jaz Murian
1457:32.26250; 52.90833
1402:The New York Times
1333:2023-05-22 at the
1315:2023-05-17 at the
908:The New York Times
841:2018-07-03 at the
732:Built in the 1970s
710:Built in the 1980s
692:Built in the 1950s
652:
544:Islamic revolution
500:
484:
325:[zɑːjændɛ]
299:
291:
283:
275:
263:
240:Reference no.
1897:
1896:
750:
749:
742:Shahrestan bridge
730:Bozorgmehr Bridge
551:Zobahan-e-Esfahan
460:Arthur Upham Pope
255:
254:
16:(Redirected from
1952:
1716:Shahrood (River)
1682:Bahu Kalat River
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686:II Built in 2007
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555:Foolad Mobarekeh
464:Phyllis Ackerman
413:imp gallons
383:(Esfahan) city.
369:Zagros Mountains
367:subrange of the
345:Zayanderood, ...
338:
333:
332:
327:
322:
321:
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297:Zayanderud, 2018
271:Zagros Mountains
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112:Zagros Mountains
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1389:Further reading
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1347:"Archived copy"
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1335:Wayback Machine
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1272:"Archived copy"
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1233:"Archived copy"
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1194:"Archived copy"
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1155:"Archived copy"
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1116:"Archived copy"
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1093:. 2021-11-19.
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1617:Karkheh River
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1594:
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1578:Simineh River
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1558:Mahabad River
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1533:Alamlou River
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738:Built in 2000
737:
736:Ghadir Bridge
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709:
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698:Built in 1976
697:
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690:Felezi Bridge
688:
685:
682:
680:Built in 1976
679:
676:
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672:Marnan Bridge
670:
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649:Khajou Bridge
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27:River in Iran
19:
1873:Bampur River
1807:
1779:Qarasu River
1764:Kojoor River
1740:Sardab River
1735:Chalus River
1721:Alamut River
1658:Mehran River
1648:Jarahi River
1603:Persian Gulf
1588:Saqqez River
1573:Shahar River
1563:Nazlou River
1553:Leylan River
1433:
1419:. Retrieved
1400:
1361:. Retrieved
1341:
1323:
1305:
1280:. Retrieved
1266:
1241:. Retrieved
1227:
1202:. Retrieved
1188:
1163:. Retrieved
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998:
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981:
973:
953:. Retrieved
942:
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907:
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870:. Retrieved
850:
831:
820:. Retrieved
806:
794:. Retrieved
782:
773:
756:
724:Khaju Bridge
684:Vahid Bridge
678:Vahid Bridge
661:
660:
655:
653:
632:
623:
620:
611:
599:
592:
588:
579:
548:
540:Zayandeh Dam
532:Shah Abbas I
521:
516:
513:
507:
503:
501:
453:
444:
437:Shaikh Bahai
422:
389:
385:
362:
344:
340:
306:
302:
300:
235:23 June 1975
44:Zayandeh Rud
1889:Shesh Taraz
1868:Halil River
1842:Karaj River
1832:Abhar River
1827:Qom (River)
1774:Atrek River
1759:Atrek River
1747:Haraz River
1711:Ghezel Ozan
1627:Marun River
1622:Karun River
1568:Rozeh River
1548:Ghaie River
1543:Gadar River
1455: /
955:20 December
718:Joui Bridge
702:Si-o-se Pol
696:Azar Bridge
577:provinces.
492:Si-o-se-pol
456:Persian art
351:in central
307:Zayandehrud
59:Zayandehrud
54:Native name
18:Zaindeh Rud
1904:Categories
1818:Namak Lake
1808:Zayanderud
1789:Astarachay
1663:Mond River
1653:Bahmanshir
1612:Arvand Rud
1593:Zola River
1512:Lake Urmia
1443:52°54′30″E
1440:32°15′45″N
1421:2020-12-20
1363:2023-11-25
1282:2023-11-25
1243:2023-11-25
1204:2023-11-25
1165:2023-11-25
1126:2023-11-25
1101:2023-04-19
1072:2023-04-19
1042:2023-04-19
926:2021-09-10
872:2007-04-19
822:2023-07-17
765:References
753:Recreation
542:after the
526:Reservoir
387:dry-outs.
341:Zayanderud
303:Zayanderud
232:Designated
177:Basin size
1799:Gavkhouni
1752:Lar River
1706:Sefid-Rud
1632:Dez River
1526:Quri Chay
1411:0362-4331
1091:France 24
1012:7 January
916:0362-4331
393:hydraulic
377:Gavkhouni
359:Geography
189:Discharge
152:endorheic
148:Gavkhouni
1673:Oman sea
1637:Koohrang
1521:Aji Chay
1415:Archived
1372:cite web
1354:Archived
1331:Archived
1313:Archived
1291:cite web
1276:Archived
1252:cite web
1237:Archived
1213:cite web
1198:Archived
1174:cite web
1159:Archived
1135:cite web
1120:Archived
1095:Archived
1066:Archived
1036:Archived
1032:BBC News
1003:Archived
949:Archived
920:Archived
863:Archived
839:Archived
836:BBC NEWS
816:Archived
796:25 April
790:Archived
629:Projects
563:Koohrang
524:Chadegan
365:Zard-Kuh
74:Location
1930:Isfahan
1728:Zarjoob
1692:Caspian
759:Esfahan
640:Bridges
571:Isfahan
496:Isfahan
449:Safavid
429:Isfahan
419:History
405:Isfahan
401:springs
381:Isfahan
317:; from
311:Persian
79:Country
66:Persian
1847:Jajrud
1837:Jajrud
1409:
914:
784:Ramsar
320:زاینده
192:
169:Length
137:
101:
98:Source
62:
1882:Other
1861:basin
1820:basin
1801:basin
1694:basin
1675:basin
1605:basin
1514:basin
1357:(PDF)
1350:(PDF)
1056:AFP.
1006:(PDF)
991:(PDF)
945:Iran"
866:(PDF)
859:(PDF)
567:Karun
517:Tomar
508:Tomar
504:Tomar
445:maadi
397:qanat
133:Mouth
1701:Aras
1407:ISSN
1378:link
1297:link
1258:link
1219:link
1180:link
1141:link
1014:2013
957:2005
912:ISSN
798:2018
575:Yazd
573:and
553:and
522:The
433:Iran
409:Yazd
407:and
399:and
353:Iran
301:The
83:Iran
656:pol
528:dam
494:in
371:in
343:or
331:رود
305:or
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