41:
232:, headed by Sobiepan's sister Joanna Koniecpolska, also demanded their share of the estate. A legal war ensued in which Joanna Koniecpolska seized the fee tail, ruling it until her death in 1672. The estate remained in the hands of the Koniecpolski family until 1674, when the Sejm ordered that the estate should be transferred to
441:
were rented to private owners, and the management of the forests took on a planned shape. In the mid-19th century, the estate had an area of 373,723 hectares, and its population was 107,764, with nine towns, 291 villages, 116 folwarks, 41 mills, eight breweries, seven distilleries and several other
256:
Marcin
Zamoyski took control of the estate in 1676, becoming one of the wealthiest landowners of Europe. The fee remained in the hands of his family until its end in 1944 - 1945. Zamoyski turned out to be a skillful owner, and the property flourished under his management. In 1688 he ordered the map
532:
officially remained in his post, but all decisions were taken by the
Germans, who were very efficient, introducing mechanization. Soon it turned out however, that above all the Germans were interested in exploitation of the fee tail, especially its forests. It was due to efforts of the Polish
528:, whose units in October 1939 withdrew eastwards, leaving the estate in the hands of the Nazis. Short Soviet rule was marked by widespread looting by local peasants. In the late 1939 German occupational authorities established control over the estate. The 16th ordynat
558:, while 54,00 hectares of forests of the Zamoyski State were administered by the national government. Formally, the Zamoyski Family Fee Tail ceased to exist on 21 February 1945. The last owner of the estate, Jan Tomasz Zamoyski was imprisoned in
204:
As the statute stipulated, the estate continued to be inherited in full by the eldest son of the ordynat. Each time the new owner was approved by the king, and all financial arguments in the family were to be solved by the Polish
Parliament
472:
the estate was a well-functioning enterprise, with 156 folwarks divided into three keys. The fee tail had several factories, and its own narrow gauge rail line. The war devastated the estate, and further destruction was brought on by the
513:. Due to poor management, its debt increased and profits decreased, so Tomasz Zamoyski sold more than 30,000 hectares of forest to the government. The estate did not become profitable until the mid-1930s, and before the outbreak of
293:, as well as 157 villages. Furthermore, Zamoyski owned glass and iron works, breweries, mills and other enterprises. Marcin Zamoyski closely cooperated with King Sobieski, which resulted in him being nominated the
453:, the area of the estate was reduced, as well as its income, since peasants ceased to pay their feudal obligations. Nevertheless, due to skillful management, the fee tail was profitable, allowing the 14th ordynat
549:
entered the area of Zamość, the estate had the area of 59,054 hectares, and was a well-functioning, profitable enterprise. Its existence came to an end on 6 September 1944, when a land reform was declared by the
149:. At the moment of its creation, this estate consisted of two towns and thirty nine villages. At the end of Zamoyski's life it included as many as 23 towns and together with 816 villages, it was called the
196:, printing shop, and court. Due to its wealth, economic, and administrative independence Ordynacja Zamojska has been considered a state within a state, with large parts of it covered by extensive forests.
402:
was being transferred to the Polish government (the transfer itself was not completed until 1821, when the fortress together with the town of Zamość officially became property of the government of
758:
240:
disagreed with the decision and used his private army to try and prevent
Zamoyski from taking control over the estate. In the end Koniecpolski gave up, as Zamoyski had the supported of the local
566:, and the Communists stole family's treasure, hidden in a secret room at the Klemensow Castle. Zamoyski himself with family was ordered to stay away from the estate, so he left to
359:, invited some 100 native German families to settle in the estate. In return, the Emperor in 1786 confirmed the statute of the fee tail, and its legal and territorial separation.
485:, the 15th ordynat, actively supported Poland's fight for independence, and in the 1922 presidential elections he was a candidate of the conservative parties, running against
425:, introduced several changes to the estate. In 1833, he created the Central Office of Goods and Businesses of the Zamoyski Family, as well as General Administration Office in
362:
In the 1790s, when the
Commonwealth ceased to exist, the estate's future existence depended on the good will of both Austrian and Imperial Russian courts. The 10th ordynat,
755:
429:. Zamoyski divided the office into four departments (legal, administrative, political and economic), each with its own manager. At the same time,
551:
418:, the 11th ordynat, opened in Warsaw a public Library of the Zamoyski Fee Tail, which was based on the Zamojski Academy, closed down in 1784.
926:
274:
313:. After the conflict, its owners tried to rebuild the Zamość Estate, establishing new settlements and supporting trade. The 7th ordynat,
973:
344:
126:. Ordynat was the title of the principal heir of an ordynacja, and each new ordynat was obliged to uphold the statute of the fee tail.
111:
65:
237:
107:
517:, its area was 56,199 hectares, with brickyards, sawmills, a brewery, a sugar refinery at Klemensow, and several other enterprises.
225:
963:
900:
Orłowski R., Ordynacja
Zamojska w "Zamość i Zamojszczyzna w dziejach i kulturze polskiej", pod red. K. Myślińskiego, Zamość 1969.
894:
Horodyski B., Zarys dziejów
Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamojskiej w "Księga Pamiątkowa ku czci Kazimierza Piekarskiego", Wrocław 1951.
570:, to be imprisoned again and finally released in 1956. One of Communist agents who tortured him at Warsaw prison was Polish Jew
17:
158:
73:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
790:
710:
621:
87:
356:
181:
in 1579 was some 330,000 zlotys). According to another source, Jan
Zamoyski's estates generated a revenue of over 200,000
122:). Ordynacja was an economic institution for the governing of landed property introduced in the late 16th century by King
600:
213:
663:
217:
888:
Tarnawski A., Działalność gospodarcza Jana
Zamoyskiego. Kanclerza i Hetmana Wielkiego Koronnego (1572-1605), Lwów 1905.
722:
968:
554:. Soon afterwards, parts of the estate were divided between 1,208 families. The remaining land was transferred to the
446:
801:
733:
677:
656:
537:
were saved. During the war, the estate lost its collection of historic books, as its Warsaw library was destroyed,
454:
374:(1795), the whole estate found itself under Austrian rule. In the late 18th century, August Zamoyski established a
363:
415:
371:
262:
958:
684:
482:
348:
614:
387:
555:
398:, and the estate was once again divided. In 1812, its capital was moved from Zamość to Zwierzyniec, as the
351:. Austrian authorities confirmed legal status of the fee tail, but its division made management difficult.
628:
534:
510:
314:
221:
135:
563:
40:
399:
146:
340:
286:
442:
enterprises. Altogether, the profits of the fee tail were estimated at 1.4 million zlotys annually.
943:
691:
529:
462:
367:
229:
670:
642:
521:
486:
422:
326:
310:
298:
802:
Landscape
Interfaces: Cultural Heritage in Changing Landscapes, edited by Hannes Palang, page 77
745:
Landscape Interfaces: Cultural Heritage in Changing Landscapes, edited by Hannes Palang, page 77
734:
Landscape Interfaces: Cultural Heritage in Changing Landscapes, edited by Hannes Palang, page 77
481:
captured Klemensow. Altogether, the losses of the estate were estimated at 8.5 million roubles.
458:
922:
775:
474:
461:, together with the neglected library. Among most important items kept in the library was the
266:
245:
138:
estate. At the beginning, Jan Zamoyski had four villages, which he inherited from his father,
897:
Orłowski R., Działalność społeczno-gospodarcza Andrzeja Zamoyskiego (1757-1792), Lublin 1965.
744:
649:
635:
352:
193:
906:
Zielińska T., Ordynacje w dawnej Polsce w "Przegląd Historyczny", T.68, z.1, Warszawa 1977.
891:
Glatman L., Sukcesorów imć Pana Ordynata Marcina Zamoyskiego spór o ordynację, Zamość 1921.
134:
Chronologically, Ordynacja Zamojska was the second fee tail in the Commonwealth, after the
762:
607:
593:
509:
In 1922, the fee tail had the area of 190,279 hectares, and was the largest estate of the
478:
450:
403:
395:
233:
69:
53:
29:
343:(1772) divided the estate into two parts. Four towns and 39 villages remained within the
571:
952:
278:
123:
33:
915:
Bender R., Reforma czynszowa w Ordynacji Zamoyskiej w latach 1833-1864, Lublin 1995.
72:, the richest aristocratic family in Poland. It was established upon the request of
586:
514:
391:
182:
174:
83:
79:
21:
282:
209:). In the course of the time, the arguments over the property became commonplace.
166:
498:
469:
426:
334:
318:
189:
157:). Its total area was app. 17,500 km., and it included estates both in the
270:
143:
192:
town of Zamość, a private fortress of Jan Zamoyski with its own college, the
330:
228:) regarded herself as the heiress of Zamoyski fortune. At the same time the
139:
178:
909:
Witusik A. A., O Zamoyskich, Zamościu i Akademii Zamoyskiej, Lublin 1978.
578:
546:
525:
494:
434:
411:
241:
100:
61:
938:
873:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
861:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
849:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
837:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
825:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
813:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
791:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
711:
Fortuna Zamoyskich kołem się toczy Wojciech Surmacz, Forbes, 28.03.2012
438:
430:
407:
375:
347:, while six towns and 150 villages became part of Austrian province of
322:
294:
290:
170:
162:
355:, who was the 10th ordynat, trying to buy support of Austrian Emperor
309:
In the early 18th century, the estate suffered destruction during the
918:
Zielińska T., Poczet polskich rodów arystokratycznych, Warszawa 1997.
559:
188:
The capital of the estate was established in the newly built private
76:
25:
574:(Josek Goldberg), whom Zamoyski had saved from the Nazis in 1944.
567:
39:
16:
15:
490:
366:, hoping to avoid punishment from the Russians did not join the
206:
437:
per one day of work). Furthermore, to increase profits several
875:“Zamoyscy byli najbogatszym rodem arystokratycznym w Polsce“
863:“Zamoyscy byli najbogatszym rodem arystokratycznym w Polsce“
851:“Zamoyscy byli najbogatszym rodem arystokratycznym w Polsce“
839:“Zamoyscy byli najbogatszym rodem arystokratycznym w Polsce“
827:“Zamoyscy byli najbogatszym rodem arystokratycznym w Polsce“
815:“Zamoyscy byli najbogatszym rodem arystokratycznym w Polsce“
713:“Zamoyscy byli najbogatszym rodem arystokratycznym w Polsce“
86:, when it was abolished by the communist government of the
903:
red. Mencel T., Dzieje Lubelszczyzny, T. I. Warszawa 1974.
489:. During the Polish-Soviet War, he handed his estate as a
723:
Historia Gospodarcza Polski By Andrzej Jezierski, page 40
449:, which in 1864 was introduced in the Russian-controlled
406:). In exchange, the Zamoyski family was given estates in
261:), which shows that the fee included nine towns (Zamość,
433:
was gradually withdrawn and replaced by money wages (15
212:
The first crisis took place in 1665 after the death of
921:
Klukowski Z., Zamojszczyzna 1944-1959, Warszawa 2007,
378:
plant at Tomaszow Lubelski which employed 50 workers.
216:, who did not have a son. Sobiepan's sister, Princess
317:, promoted river transport, building ports along the
173:. Annual income of Zamoyski was estimated at 700,000
99:
For more information about fee tails in Poland, see
82:, on 8 July 1589. The fee existed until the end of
493:to the French government, to pay for the military
90:, which in 1944 initiated an agricultural reform.
44:Possessions of Zamojski family are marked in green
524:), the estate was for two weeks occupied by the
101:Fee tail in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
8:
939:The 1906 detailed map of the Zamoyski estate
912:Grzybowski S., Jan Zamoyski, Warszawa 1994.
944:Zamoyski family at Encyclopædia Britannica
703:
552:Polish Committee of National Liberation
505:Second Polish Republic and World War II
32:. This version was bestowed by Empress
756:Ordynacja Zamojska at Wirtual Roztocze
533:officials that forests of the future
177:(by comparison, the cost of Siege of
7:
774:Sławomir Leśniewski (January 2008).
259:Mappa Ordynacyey Panstwa Zamoyskiego
60:) was one of the first and largest
780:(in Polish). Bellona. p. 145.
14:
777:Jan Zamoyski - hetman i polityk
497:which had been provided to the
114:, fee tail estates were called
345:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
159:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
120:landed property in fideicommis
112:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
66:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
520:In late September 1939 (see
325:. In 1773, the 9th ordynat,
447:Emancipation reform of 1861
226:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
185:in the early 17th century.
165:, with main centers around
88:People's Republic of Poland
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974:Economic history of Poland
678:Tomasz Franciszek Zamoyski
657:Aleksander August Zamoyski
455:Tomasz Franciszek Zamoyski
394:was incorporated into the
364:Aleksander August Zamoyski
244:, as well as that of King
761:February 3, 2013, at the
664:Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski
564:Communist secret services
416:Stanislaw Kostka Zamoyski
372:Third partition of Poland
341:First partition of Poland
685:Maurycy Klemens Zamoyski
622:Michał Zdzisław Zamoyski
556:State Agricultural Farms
483:Maurycy Klemens Zamoyski
457:to expand the palace at
964:Legal history of Poland
601:Jan "Sobiepan" Zamoyski
224:and the mother of King
28:, one of the oldest in
629:Tomasz Antoni Zamoyski
545:In mid-1944, when the
535:Roztocze National Park
511:Second Polish Republic
315:Tomasz Antoni Zamoyski
238:Stanisław Koniecpolski
68:. It was owned by the
50:Zamoyski family entail
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37:
615:Tomasz Józef Zamoyski
370:. Finally, after the
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214:Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski
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19:
329:, opened a soap and
692:Jan Tomasz Zamoyski
530:Jan Tomasz Zamoyski
477:, when soldiers of
468:At the outbreak of
463:Codex Suprasliensis
388:Polish–Austrian War
368:Kosciuszko Uprising
230:Koniecpolski family
222:Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
969:Lublin Voivodeship
671:Konstanty Zamoyski
643:Jan Jakub Zamoyski
522:Invasion of Poland
487:Gabriel Narutowicz
423:Konstanty Zamoyski
421:The 13th ordynat,
327:Jan Jakub Zamoyski
311:Great Northern War
299:Lublin Voivodeship
252:New line of owners
147:Stanisław Zamoyski
58:Ordynacja Zamojska
46:
38:
927:978-83-88288-93-7
541:End of the estate
475:Polish-Soviet War
287:Tomaszów Lubelski
246:John III Sobieski
155:Państwo zamojskie
110:and later in the
108:Kingdom of Poland
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594:Tomasz Zamoyski
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470:World War I
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414:. In 1811,
335:Zwierzyniec
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953:Categories
698:References
386:After the
94:Background
459:Klemensow
357:Joseph II
333:plant at
331:porcelain
283:Tarnogród
140:Castellan
116:Ordynacja
62:fee tails
20:Zamoyski
759:Archived
579:Ordynats
547:Red Army
526:Red Army
495:materiel
439:folwarks
412:Podlasie
321:and the
275:Krzeszów
242:szlachta
130:Creation
562:by the
431:serfdom
408:Mazovia
376:faience
349:Galicia
323:Vistula
295:Voivode
291:Turobin
271:Kraśnik
171:Podolia
163:Livonia
144:Chełmno
106:In the
64:in the
925:
560:Kielce
289:, and
183:zlotys
179:Połock
175:zlotys
167:Zamość
161:, and
77:Hetman
54:Polish
26:Jelita
568:Sopot
435:grosz
263:Goraj
74:Crown
923:ISBN
491:lien
410:and
207:Sejm
169:and
48:The
319:San
297:of
142:of
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603:,
596:,
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