172:
235:
98:
1234:
601:
38:
695:
In 1973, Kaunda had declared UNIP the only legally permitted party in Zambia. From then until 1990, the government and UNIP were effectively one. Every five years, Kaunda was automatically elected to a five-year term as president by virtue of being leader of UNIP. Voters also chose between three UNIP
712:
Kaunda had vehemently opposed a multiparty system, claiming it would cause violence and inflame tribal divisions. However, in response to demands from the opposition, he cancelled the referendum in
September and instead gave his support to constitutional amendments that would end UNIP's monopoly on
91:
708:
within a few hours of the announcement. However, it was broken after about three to four hours. After the coup attempt, the opposition contended that the original date for the referendum did not allow enough time to register voters. In response, Kaunda delayed the referendum until August 1991.
713:
power. He also announced that the general elections scheduled for 1993 would be brought forward to 1991. Kaunda signed the necessary amendments into law in
December. Soon afterward, the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy, a pressure group created earlier in the year under the leadership of
699:
However, by the summer of 1990 discontent had built to a fever pitch. In July, following three days of riots in Lusaka, Kaunda announced a referendum on the single-party system would be held in
October. This was not enough to prevent disgruntled army officer
1124:
1593:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1569:
863:
638:
331:
1222:
320:
1200:
1634:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
587:
397:
1639:
1579:
1574:
705:
559:
467:
464:
546:
542:
526:
171:
687:
in the presidential elections, whilst the MMD won 125 of the 150 elected seats in the expanded
National Assembly. Voter turnout was 45%.
476:
1309:
1299:
1167:
913:
892:
776:
756:
676:
668:
494:
450:
447:
208:
193:
132:
127:
1629:
849:
631:
1215:
714:
1488:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1319:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1179:
664:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
62:
52:
1624:
1191:
611:
1483:
1329:
660:
624:
519:
315:
1518:
1513:
351:
1208:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1155:
1523:
972:
285:
357:
1619:
364:
1598:
481:
255:
248:
564:
1246:
1238:
656:
506:
501:
385:
344:
273:
17:
672:
278:
225:
751:
684:
297:
204:
109:
90:
554:
290:
683:, who had been president since independence, was defeated in a landslide by MMD challenger
97:
701:
771:
680:
582:
532:
234:
189:
115:
1613:
605:
370:
1143:
324:
1110:
667:, and only the second multi-party elections since independence in 1964. The
671:(UNIP), which had led the country since independence (from 1973 to 1990 as
1233:
652:
1204:
696:
candidates for each of the 125 seats in the
National Assembly.
1125:
List of members of the
National Assembly of Zambia (1991–96)
1144:
Zambia: 1991 National
Assembly national election results
1168:
Zambia's Leader
Announces Plan to Free 1,000 Prisoners
1594:
Elections in the
Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
1562:
1476:
1328:
1245:
717:chairman Chiluba, registered as a political party.
73:
663:. They were the first multi-party elections since
180:
1216:
864:1991 Zambian general election by constituency
632:
8:
29:
1223:
1209:
1201:
867:
729:
639:
625:
220:
28:
1192:After 17 Years, Zambia Allows Opposition
1180:Zambia Leader Assents To Multiparty Vote
1136:
1107:
1094:
1081:
1068:
1055:
1051:
1034:
846:
835:
824:
813:
802:
798:
787:
223:
1095:
1082:
1069:
1056:
872:
836:
825:
814:
803:
734:
675:), was comprehensively beaten by the
7:
1239:Elections and referendums in Zambia
18:Zambian presidential election, 1991
914:United National Independence Party
893:Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
777:United National Independence Party
757:Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
677:Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
669:United National Independence Party
25:
1182:New York Times, 25 September 1990
1156:Failed Zambia Coup Weakens Leader
1635:Presidential elections in Zambia
1232:
1194:New York Times, 18 December 1990
599:
233:
170:
96:
89:
36:
715:Zambia Congress of Trade Unions
651:General elections were held in
655:on 31 October 1991 to elect a
1:
1640:October 1991 events in Africa
30:1991 Zambian general election
1170:New York Times, 26 July 1990
934:National Democratic Alliance
1158:New York Times, 1 July 1990
527:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1656:
861:
1588:
1108:
1104:
1096:Registered voters/turnout
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1035:
1025:
1022:
1012:
1009:
953:National Democratic Party
884:
881:
878:
875:
847:
837:Registered voters/turnout
799:
788:
743:
740:
737:
185:President before election
178:
168:
81:
46:
34:
1630:1991 elections in Africa
495:Administrative divisions
358:Mulela Margaret Munalula
1330:Parliamentary elections
1010:Presidential appointees
1599:By-elections in Zambia
1247:Presidential elections
1023:Appointed Speaker
543:Diplomatic missions of
673:the sole legal party
352:Constitutional Court
1625:Elections in Zambia
1070:Invalid/blank votes
869:
815:Invalid/blank votes
731:
31:
868:
730:
279:Hakainde Hichilema
226:Politics of Zambia
139:Popular vote
1607:
1606:
1116:
1115:
858:National Assembly
855:
854:
752:Frederick Chiluba
685:Frederick Chiluba
661:National Assembly
649:
648:
606:Zambia portal
560:Visa requirements
520:Foreign relations
477:Political parties
316:National Assembly
219:
218:
215:
214:
205:Frederick Chiluba
200:Elected President
164:
163:
110:Frederick Chiluba
69:
68:
16:(Redirected from
1647:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
973:Democratic Party
870:
732:
641:
634:
627:
604:
603:
602:
577:National symbols
470:
453:
436:
291:Mutale Nalumango
237:
221:
181:
174:
100:
93:
83:
82:
48:
47:
41:
40:
39:
32:
21:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1584:
1558:
1477:Local elections
1472:
1324:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1121:
866:
860:
728:
723:
704:from launching
702:Mwamba Luchembe
693:
645:
616:
612:Other countries
600:
598:
593:
592:
578:
570:
569:
551:
539:
522:
512:
511:
497:
487:
486:
471:
463:
454:
446:
437:
396:
388:
378:
377:
369:Chief Justice:
347:
337:
336:
311:
303:
302:
269:
261:
260:
251:
228:
207:
202:
192:
187:
179:
169:
58:31 October 1991
42:
37:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:1991 in Zambia
1612:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
970:
967:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
911:
908:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
890:
887:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
859:
856:
853:
852:
845:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
830:
827:
823:
822:
819:
816:
812:
811:
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
796:
793:
790:
786:
785:
782:
779:
774:
772:Kenneth Kaunda
769:
766:
765:
762:
759:
754:
749:
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
727:
724:
722:
719:
706:a coup attempt
692:
689:
681:Kenneth Kaunda
647:
646:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
618:
617:
615:
614:
608:
595:
594:
591:
590:
585:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
557:
550:
549:
538:
537:
536:
535:
533:Joseph Malanji
523:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
504:
498:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
479:
474:
473:
472:
462:
457:
456:
455:
445:
440:
439:
438:
395:
389:
384:
383:
380:
379:
376:
375:
374:
373:
362:
361:
360:
348:
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
332:Constituencies
329:
328:
327:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
295:
294:
293:
286:Vice-President
283:
282:
281:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
252:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
230:
229:
224:
217:
216:
213:
212:
197:
190:Kenneth Kaunda
176:
175:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
153:
149:
148:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
120:
118:
116:Kenneth Kaunda
113:
106:
102:
101:
94:
87:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
66:
60:
55:
44:
43:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1652:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1101:
1098:
1088:
1085:
1075:
1072:
1062:
1059:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
990:
989:
985:
982:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
931:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
888:
871:
865:
857:
851:
842:
839:
831:
828:
820:
817:
809:
806:
794:
791:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
767:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
747:
733:
725:
720:
718:
716:
710:
707:
703:
697:
690:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
622:
620:
619:
613:
610:
609:
607:
597:
596:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
574:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
548:
544:
541:
540:
534:
530:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
516:
515:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
491:
490:
483:
480:
478:
475:
469:
466:
461:
460:
458:
452:
449:
444:
443:
442:Presidential
441:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
394:
393:
391:
390:
387:
382:
381:
372:
368:
367:
366:
365:Supreme Court
363:
359:
355:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
341:
340:
333:
330:
326:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
313:
307:
306:
299:
296:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
280:
277:
276:
275:
272:
271:
265:
264:
257:
254:
253:
250:
245:
244:
241:
240:
236:
232:
231:
227:
222:
211:
210:
206:
201:
198:
196:
195:
191:
186:
183:
182:
177:
173:
167:
159:
157:
154:
151:
150:
146:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
111:
107:
104:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
72:
65: →
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:←
50:
49:
45:
33:
27:
19:
1437:
1279:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
993:Independents
711:
698:
694:
650:
482:By-elections
459:Referendums
415:
371:Mumba Malila
256:Human rights
249:Constitution
203:
199:
188:
184:
155:
142:
108:
57:
26:
1563:Referendums
1083:Total votes
1057:Valid votes
826:Total votes
804:Valid votes
565:Visa policy
356:President:
325:Nelly Mutti
310:Legislature
152:Percentage
1614:Categories
1592:See also:
1489:1963 (Nov)
1484:1963 (Aug)
1131:References
862:See also:
691:Background
531:Minister:
268:Government
1099:2,875,960
1086:1,305,923
1060:1,259,136
1039:1,259,136
840:2,924,505
829:1,325,158
807:1,283,627
792:1,283,627
735:Candidate
726:President
657:President
547:in Zambia
507:Districts
502:Provinces
386:Elections
345:Judiciary
274:President
1119:See also
1109:Source:
848:Source:
555:Passport
392:General
147:311,022
105:Nominee
918:314,711
897:931,945
781:311,022
761:972,605
721:Results
679:(MMD).
321:Speaker
298:Cabinet
160:24.23%
143:972,605
86:
74:Turnout
1089:100.00
1073:46,787
1042:100.00
832:100.00
818:41,531
795:100.00
653:Zambia
588:Anthem
156:75.77%
124:Party
77:45.27%
1102:45.41
1063:96.42
1036:Total
996:9,862
937:1,695
921:24.99
900:74.01
882:Seats
876:Votes
873:Party
843:45.31
810:96.87
789:Total
784:24.23
764:75.77
741:Votes
738:Party
1580:2016
1575:1969
1570:1922
1554:2021
1549:2016
1544:2011
1539:2006
1534:2001
1529:1998
1524:1992
1519:1988
1514:1980
1509:1977
1504:1975
1499:1970
1494:1966
1468:2021
1463:2016
1458:2011
1453:2006
1448:2001
1443:1996
1438:1991
1433:1988
1428:1983
1423:1978
1418:1973
1413:1968
1408:1964
1403:1962
1398:1959
1393:1954
1388:1948
1383:1944
1378:1941
1373:1938
1368:1935
1363:1932
1358:1929
1353:1926
1348:1922
1343:1920
1338:1918
1320:2021
1315:2016
1310:2015
1305:2011
1300:2008
1295:2006
1290:2001
1285:1996
1280:1991
1275:1988
1270:1983
1265:1978
1260:1973
1255:1968
1146:EISA
1111:EISA
1076:3.58
999:0.78
980:0.01
959:0.06
940:0.13
927:–100
821:3.13
665:1968
659:and
583:Flag
468:2016
465:1969
451:2015
448:2008
434:2021
431:2016
428:2011
425:2006
422:2001
419:1996
416:1991
413:1988
410:1983
407:1978
404:1973
401:1968
398:1964
194:UNIP
133:UNIP
63:1996
53:1988
1048:+23
1045:159
1005:New
986:New
977:120
965:New
956:803
946:New
906:New
903:125
885:+/–
850:ECZ
209:MMD
128:MMD
1616::
1018:–2
924:25
545:/
323::
1224:e
1217:t
1210:v
1031:0
1028:1
1015:8
1002:0
983:0
962:0
943:0
879:%
744:%
640:e
633:t
626:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
