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177:. Zamrock as a musical movement came of age in the turbulent first decade after Zambia's independence from British colonialism, rising and falling in tandem with the country's economic success. Zambia's boom from its copper mines led to a bust when copper prices fell and the country was devastated by the
224:
Despite these challenges, Zamrock has yet to completely disappear from the world of music. A resurgence of interest across the globe in recent years, including reissues in North
America and the production of a documentary, has allowed some Zamrock performers to tour, perform, and record new material.
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introduced the slogan, "One Zambia, one nation" to promote unity. In order to celebrate the culture of the newly independent nation, Kaunda decreed that 95% of music played on radio stations had to be
Zambian in origin. Since Western rock was popular in Africa, many Zamrock artists were inspired by
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While the price of copper fell and Zambia's economy crashed, Zambia found itself surrounded by political turmoil in neighbouring states. This conflict led to a rise in anti-establishment messages in
Zamrock music. When the country offered to shelter refugees, Zambia's power stations were bombed.
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Because the peak of
Zamrock music occurred during a period of social unrest, much of the music released at the time reflected the difficulties that people were facing. Sometimes referred to as an aggressive genre, it addressed contentious issues such as racism in Southern Africa all while still
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Jagari from WITCH is one of these artists who has managed to make a comeback. In the last 5 years since his return in 2017, he has performed in several
European countries such as Moscow and Paris, something he never got the chance to do in his band's prime. He has also toured around the United
208:
The AIDS epidemic played a huge part in bringing
Zamrock to an end. The disease began to spread in the 1980s and has continued to devastate the nation since. It is estimated that between 1.2 million and 1.3 million have died from AIDS in Zambia as of 2019. Every member of
220:
Furthermore, the rise of musical piracy had a significant impact on
Zamrock artists. Bootleggers would copy and sell Zambian artists' music, forcing them to leave the industry and find work in other fields after losing their primary source of income.
216:
A resurgence of interest across the globe in recent years, including reissues in North
America and the production of a documentary, has allowed some Zamrock performers, including Jagari, to tour, perform, and record new material.
152:
Though it is no longer as popular in the country as it once was due to Zambia's economic difficulties in the late 1970s, Zamrock has seen a recent resurgence, led by former WITCH member
Emmanuel Chanda, better known as Jagari.
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The rush to urbanization in mine-adjacent regions meant a variety of new artistic styles. The country's newfound wealth brought with it urban sensibilities and a surge in interest in electric guitar use. Zamrock player
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Once-prosperous cities were at the mercy of blackouts and curfews. Musicians were reduced to playing unstable sets during daylight hours while their ticket prices became unaffordable for most.
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Zamrock is heavily influenced by psychedelic rock and funk music, popular
Western genres of the 1970s. It shares many features of these genres, most notably wah wah and fuzz.
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The term "Zamrock" refers to the combination of Western rock with the distinct style of African music. Zambian DJ Manessah Phiri is credited with the creation of the term.
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Rock musician Rikki Ililonga and his band Musi-O-Tunya are widely regarded as the inventors of this style of music. Other notable artists include
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sound, a rhythmic pop music sound with fuzzy electric guitar leads centred around the bass guitar of the same name.
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bands that were popular in the West and adopted similar styles to those playing on British and American radios.
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S, Henning Goranson; Press, berg for Think Africa; Network, part of the Guardian Africa (22 July 2013).
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325:"Zamrock: An Introduction to Zambia's 1970s Rich & Psychedelic Rock Scene | Open Culture"
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States, and been awarded for his achievements by the Zambian National Arts Council.
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Zamrock's roots can be traced back to the 1950s, with northern singers from the
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during the early 1970s. It has been described as a fusion of traditional
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614:– Interview with Chanda about Zamrock – BBC World Service (March 2019)
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After the country announced its independence in 1964, then-president
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559:"Witch: the glory and tragedy of Zambia's psych-rock trailblazers"
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396:"Salt and thunder: The mind-altering rock of 1970s Zambia"
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except Emanuel "Jagari" Chanda had died of AIDS by 2001.
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is a musical genre that emerged and gained popularity in
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197:of the Ngozi Family is credited with creating the
422:"Out Now: Welcome To Zamrock! Vols. 1 & 2"
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2152:Psychedelic rock in Australia and New Zealand
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110:, taking influence from popular bands like
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584:"Zamrock - Music Genres - Rate Your Music"
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3475:Rock music and the fall of communism
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2217:Category:Psychedelic musical groups
350:on Dusted Magazine (15 April 2010)
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2157:Psychedelic rock in Latin America
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73:Late 1960s - Early 1970s, Zambia
3393:Progressive rock (radio format)
238:maintaining an exuberant feel.
557:Balmont, James (5 July 2021).
1:
507:daily.redbullmusicacademy.com
295:"Why Zamrock is back in play"
145:, Chrissy "Zebby" Tembo, and
3423:List of years in rock music
2045:Counterculture of the 1960s
3868:
3528:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
1958:Italian occult psychedelia
503:"Zamrock: An Introduction"
3566:
3450:Electronics in rock music
3116:Hard rock and heavy metal
2610:Pub rock (United Kingdom)
2202:
1155:
1082:
3428:Origins of rock and roll
2212:Category:Hippie movement
2136:Psychedelic rock artists
2126:Psychedelic folk artists
612:We Intend to Cause Havoc
447:"One Zambia, one nation"
3368:Adult album alternative
2131:Psychedelic pop artists
2121:Neo-psychedelia artists
167:Stephen Tsotsi Kasumali
3734:List of funk musicians
3460:Rock Against Communism
2859:Brazilian thrash metal
2194:Psychedelic literature
2189:Psychedelic experience
1697:Sudanese popular music
913:Bosnia and Herzegovina
370:"We're a Zambian Band"
149:and his Ngozi Family.
3482:Rockism and poptimism
2942:British rock and roll
2207:Category:Drug culture
2090:Second Summer of Love
1149:African popular music
649:Rock music by country
471:Zambia, Muze Trust-.
3837:African music genres
3317:Sahara desert region
2605:Pub rock (Australia)
1093:Category: Rock music
790:Cambodia (1959-1975)
668:Sahara desert region
477:muzeestelleprogramme
3508:List of rock genres
3470:Rock Against Sexism
3465:Rock Against Racism
3373:Album-oriented rock
2085:San Francisco sound
1990:Paisley Underground
1317:African heavy metal
451:africasacountry.com
163:Copperbelt Province
2075:New Age travellers
1105:Portal: Rock music
724:Dominican Republic
402:. 11 December 2015
3852:Rock music genres
3824:
3823:
3698:Minneapolis sound
3598:
3597:
3523:Progressive music
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3350:
2789:Palm Desert Scene
2765:
2764:
2439:Experimental rock
2336:Instrumental rock
2225:
2224:
2116:Acid rock artists
2023:
2022:
1926:
1925:
1814:New Weird America
1779:Psychedelic music
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1744:
1114:
1113:
588:rateyourmusic.com
426:Now-Again Records
171:William Mapulanga
77:
76:
29:Stylistic origins
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3842:Psychedelic rock
3708:Psychedelic funk
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3618:
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3443:Rhythm and blues
3418:British Invasion
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2651:Alternative rock
2590:Post-progressive
2499:Psychedelic rock
2494:Progressive rock
2326:
2322:
2316:decade of origin
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2245:
2238:
2229:
2179:Psychedelic drug
2040:Cannabis culture
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1682:Shangaan Electro
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92:psychedelic rock
70:Cultural origins
41:psychedelic rock
21:
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3847:Music of Zambia
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3383:Mainstream rock
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2770:Regional scenes
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2580:Industrial rock
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2434:Electronic rock
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2319:(sub-subgenres
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2288:Electric guitar
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2184:Psychedelic era
2167:Psychedelic art
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2035:Beat Generation
2019:
1973:Neo-psychedelia
1922:
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1727:Zimbabwean jazz
1608:Muziki wa dansi
1471:Burger-highlife
1431:Congolese rumba
1285:Nigerian reggae
1172:African hip hop
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400:Music in Africa
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376:. 5 August 2014
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233:About the music
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3455:Social effects
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3128:Neo-rockabilly
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2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2575:Heartland rock
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Christian rock
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:Anatolian rock
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2323:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2298:Rhythm section
2295:
2290:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2100:UK underground
2097:
2095:Summer of Love
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:Hypnagogic pop
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1846:Cinematic soul
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1805:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1280:African reggae
1277:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1244:Hip hop galsen
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1096:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1048:United Kingdom
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
894:
892:
888:
887:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
859:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
813:
812:
807:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
771:
769:
765:
764:
762:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
685:
683:
679:
678:
676:
675:
670:
665:
659:
657:
653:
652:
647:
645:
644:
637:
630:
622:
616:
615:
607:
606:External links
604:
601:
600:
575:
544:
532:www.unaids.org
519:
489:
463:
438:
413:
387:
352:
337:
311:
257:
256:
254:
251:
243:
240:
234:
231:
186:Kenneth Kaunda
181:of the 1980s.
158:
155:
120:Rolling Stones
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
64:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
30:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3864:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:Funk paulista
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3559:
3558:Wall of Sound
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:Rock festival
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3487:Women in rock
3485:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Country music
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:Radio formats
3354:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3121:Extreme metal
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:South America
2840:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:North America
2775:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Southern rock
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Flamenco rock
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:Rock and roll
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:not included)
2312:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Electric bass
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1476:Igbo highlife
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:African blues
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
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749:United States
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179:AIDS epidemic
176:
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129:
125:
121:
117:
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112:Black Sabbath
109:
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97:
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85:
81:
72:
68:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
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44:
42:
39:
37:
34:
33:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3815:
3739:Funk carioca
3587:
3575:
3543:Rock musical
3533:Rock concert
3378:Classic rock
3321:
3107:Yugoslavian
2952:Post-Britpop
2833:Puerto Rican
2826:Chicano rock
2706:Slacker rock
2429:Country rock
2394:Baroque rock
2080:Rave culture
2014:
1655:Santé engagé
1598:Moroccan pop
1513:Kadongo Kamu
1493:Isicathamiya
1436:Coupé-décalé
1321:
1295:Zimdancehall
1165:desert blues
1103:
1091:
672:
591:. Retrieved
587:
578:
566:. Retrieved
563:the Guardian
562:
535:. Retrieved
531:
522:
510:. Retrieved
506:
480:. Retrieved
476:
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454:. Retrieved
450:
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429:. Retrieved
425:
416:
404:. Retrieved
399:
390:
378:. Retrieved
374:the Appendix
373:
328:. Retrieved
302:. Retrieved
299:the Guardian
298:
248:
245:
236:
227:
223:
219:
215:
207:
203:
191:
183:
160:
151:
132:
79:
78:
18:
3791:Rare groove
3771:Liquid funk
3766:Funky house
3759:Rasteirinha
3744:Funk melody
3678:Funktronica
3388:Modern rock
3363:Active rock
3343:New Zealand
3171:Bangladeshi
3166:Azerbaijani
2801:Costa Rican
2757:Viking rock
2747:Stoner rock
2666:Gothic rock
2489:Occult rock
2464:Heavy metal
2454:Garage rock
2424:Comedy rock
2414:Chamber pop
2409:Boogie rock
2162:Psychedelia
2055:Freak scene
2028:Subcultures
2005:Stoner rock
1995:Sampledelia
1875:Suomisaundi
1802:Psychedelic
1344:Ambasse bey
1261:Zenji flava
1256:Bongo Flava
1074:New Zealand
1033:Switzerland
983:Netherlands
862:Philippines
744:Puerto Rico
124:Deep Purple
96:garage rock
46:garage rock
16:Music genre
3831:Categories
3806:Swamp rock
3796:Samba rock
3786:Post-disco
3671:Funk metal
3646:Avant-funk
3632:Funk music
3548:Rock opera
3503:Beatlesque
3338:Australian
3257:Rock kapak
3240:Visual kei
3220:Indonesian
3063:Portuguese
3048:Macedonian
3043:Lithuanian
2922:Belarusian
2901:Venezuelan
2886:Ecuadorian
2869:Tropicália
2864:Samba rock
2696:Rock kapak
2686:Jangle pop
2681:Indie rock
2635:Yacht rock
2630:Visual kei
2620:Shock rock
2560:Dance-rock
2550:Arena rock
2534:Swamp rock
2529:Space rock
2514:Samba rock
2509:Roots rock
2484:Noise rock
2404:Blues rock
2399:Beat music
2368:Surf music
2363:Rockabilly
2341:Latin rock
2278:Distortion
2266:Components
2259:Rock music
2010:Tropicália
2000:Space rock
1968:Madchester
1943:Dream-beat
1858:Goa trance
1793:By prefix
1722:Ziglibithy
1568:Marrabenta
1553:Mahraganat
1416:Chimurenga
1273:Zimbabwean
1239:Senegalese
1147:Genres of
1053:Yugoslavia
785:Bangladesh
780:Azerbaijan
714:Costa Rica
568:5 December
456:7 December
330:5 December
304:5 December
253:References
242:Definition
195:Paul Ngozi
175:John Lushi
147:Paul Ngozi
116:Blue Cheer
90:music and
3776:Neurofunk
3754:ProibidĂŁo
3724:Acid jazz
3693:Jazz-funk
3666:Funk rock
3661:Free funk
3656:Deep funk
3651:Brit funk
3286:Taiwanese
3269:Pakistani
3252:Malaysian
3180:1959–1975
3176:Cambodian
3138:Post-punk
3103:Ukrainian
3083:Slovenian
3053:Norwegian
3023:Icelandic
3018:Hungarian
2981:Nederbeat
2896:Uruguayan
2881:Colombian
2854:Brazilian
2849:Argentine
2811:Dominican
2752:Sufi rock
2742:Post-rock
2737:Math rock
2711:Trop rock
2661:Dream pop
2656:Deathrock
2625:Soft rock
2615:Punk rock
2600:Power pop
2595:Post-punk
2570:Glam rock
2565:Funk rock
2555:Cock rock
2519:Soft rock
2504:Raga rock
2479:Krautrock
2474:Jazz rock
2459:Hard rock
2449:Folk rock
2314:Genres by
2283:Rock band
1978:Dream pop
1963:Krautrock
1948:Freakbeat
1938:Chillwave
1863:Nitzhonot
1795:and style
1712:Wassoulou
1628:Palm-wine
1518:Kidandali
1426:Coladeira
1394:Cape jazz
1379:Bend-skin
1369:Bantowbol
1329:Afro-soul
1312:Afro-rock
1307:Afrobeats
1251:Tanzanian
1224:Mauritian
1069:Australia
978:Lithuania
817:Indonesia
759:Venezuela
689:Argentina
473:"zamrock"
199:kalindula
139:The Peace
100:hard rock
51:hard rock
3729:Afrobeat
3577:Category
3264:Nepalese
3235:Japanese
3191:Filipino
3161:Armenian
3133:New wave
3111:Art rock
3068:Romanian
2993:Estonian
2976:Indorock
2961:Croatian
2917:Albanian
2891:Peruvian
2796:Canadian
2784:American
2701:Shoegaze
2691:Rap rock
2585:New wave
2389:Art rock
2346:Pop rock
2303:Drum kit
2273:Backbeat
2145:See also
2070:Jam band
2050:Deadhead
1983:Shoegaze
1613:Ndombolo
1603:Motswako
1583:Mbaqanga
1466:Highlife
1441:Edo Funk
1409:Moroccan
1404:Algerian
1364:Bajourou
1339:Amapiano
1302:Afrobeat
1268:Togolese
1234:Nigerien
1229:Nigerian
1219:Moroccan
1214:Malawian
1187:Ghanaian
1177:Algerian
1018:Slovenia
998:Portugal
877:Thailand
852:Pakistan
842:Malaysia
709:Colombia
682:Americas
528:"Zambia"
165:such as
3816:Zamrock
3717:Related
3703:Nu-funk
3513:Motorik
3496:Related
3408:Culture
3405:History
3331:Oceania
3322:Zambian
3312:Angolan
3296:Turkish
3281:Russian
3230:Israeli
3225:Iranian
3208:Bengali
3196:Bisrock
3186:Chinese
3093:Swedish
3088:Spanish
3078:Serbian
3073:Russian
3038:Latvian
3033:Italian
2998:Finnish
2947:Britpop
2937:British
2932:Bosnian
2927:Belgian
2876:Chilean
2821:Mexican
2816:Haitian
2727:Britpop
2356:British
2172:LSD art
2065:Hippies
2015:Zamrock
1831:Hip hop
1737:Zouglou
1732:Zoblazo
1707:Tabanka
1692:Soukous
1687:Singeli
1638:RaĂŻ'n'B
1623:Odi Pop
1558:Makossa
1548:Madiaba
1523:Kizomba
1488:Hiplife
1389:Bikutsi
1374:Batuque
1322:Zamrock
1192:Ivorian
1182:Gambian
1062:Oceania
1043:Ukraine
1003:Romania
963:Ireland
958:Iceland
953:Hungary
943:Germany
933:Finland
928:Estonia
923:Denmark
918:Croatia
908:Belgium
903:Belarus
898:Albania
882:Vietnam
866:Visayas
805:Bengali
775:Armenia
754:Uruguay
593:5 March
537:6 March
482:6 March
157:History
88:African
80:Zamrock
36:Zambian
24:Zamrock
3801:Skweee
3781:P-Funk
3683:G-funk
3639:Genres
3589:Portal
3305:Africa
3247:Korean
3203:Indian
3058:Polish
3008:German
3003:French
2966:Danish
2910:Europe
2676:Grunge
1918:Trance
1913:Techno
1870:Psydub
1853:Trance
1786:Genres
1702:Taarab
1677:Shaabi
1665:Seggae
1650:Salegy
1645:Sakara
1578:Mbalax
1573:Maloya
1563:Marabi
1543:Logobi
1533:Kwaito
1528:Kuduro
1451:Funaná
1399:Chaabi
1359:Azonto
1354:Assiko
1290:Seggae
1202:Boomba
1197:Kenyan
1038:Turkey
1028:Sweden
1013:Serbia
1008:Russia
993:Poland
988:Norway
973:Latvia
948:Greece
938:France
891:Europe
872:Taiwan
827:Israel
734:Mexico
699:Canada
694:Brazil
673:Zambia
663:Angola
656:Africa
512:25 May
431:28 May
406:28 May
380:28 May
173:, and
143:Amanaz
126:, and
118:, the
84:Zambia
3811:Timba
3688:Go-go
3098:Swiss
3028:Irish
3013:Greek
2986:Ultra
2971:Dutch
2806:Cuban
2720:1990s
2671:Grebo
2644:1980s
2543:1970s
2377:1960s
2329:1950s
2109:Lists
2060:Grebo
1931:Other
1893:House
1717:Zaley
1672:Semba
1618:Njuup
1593:Morna
1588:Mbube
1538:Kwela
1498:Jaiva
1483:Hipco
1456:Gnawa
1384:Benga
1349:Apala
1207:Genge
1023:Spain
968:Italy
847:Nepal
837:Korea
832:Japan
800:India
795:China
729:Haiti
704:Chile
348:WITCH
211:WITCH
135:WITCH
128:Cream
104:blues
56:blues
3438:Jazz
3291:Thai
3274:Sufi
3213:Raga
3154:Asia
3143:Punk
1908:Rock
1903:Punk
1898:Jazz
1886:Acid
1841:Soul
1836:Rock
1821:Funk
1809:Folk
1660:Sega
1508:JĂąjĂş
1461:Gqom
1446:Fuji
1421:Colá
1334:Alté
856:Sufi
822:Iran
810:Raga
768:Asia
739:Peru
719:Cuba
595:2021
570:2022
539:2021
514:2017
484:2021
458:2022
433:2021
408:2021
382:2021
332:2022
306:2022
108:funk
106:and
61:funk
2732:Emo
2469:Jam
1826:Pop
1633:RaĂŻ
1503:Jit
3833::
586:.
561:.
547:^
530:.
505:.
492:^
475:.
449:.
424:.
398:.
372:.
355:^
340:^
314:^
297:.
261:^
169:,
141:,
137:,
130:.
122:,
114:,
102:,
98:,
94:,
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864:(
858:)
854:(
641:e
634:t
627:v
597:.
572:.
541:.
516:.
486:.
460:.
435:.
410:.
384:.
334:.
308:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.