67:) specifications which had been developed for fax transmission over public networks. This meant the Zapmailer could not communicate with the growing numbers of Group 3 fax machines entering service. Large clients in particular, and later most others, were able to buy their own fax machines and transmit documents themselves. Once this began to happen, customers could see that it was more cost effective to buy their own machine rather than pay for regular Zapmail services. This remained true despite price reductions from $ 35 to $ 10 per ten pages.
87:
By this time, machine deliveries from NEC numbered in the thousands while customers were only in the hundreds. It was decided the service was a commercial failure and it was discontinued in
October. $ 320m was written off and the employees of the Zapmail service were re-deployed within the company.
55:
The FedEx strategy was driven by an expectation that customers would pay a premium to have their documents delivered in hours instead of overnight. At the same time, by migrating document traffic from trucks and aircraft, significant savings could be made in the FedEx transportation network. These
36:
Zapmail was offered at two levels of service. When sending documents in low volumes for customers, FedEx would collect the document as normal, bring it to the local depot where it would be sent by fax to a depot near the recipient's address. There the document would be printed, packaged and
70:
Quality problems with both the equipment and the transmission lines led the company to stop taking orders in March 1986. At that time the company stated that losses had accumulated to $ 200m and that an equipment upgrade was required. It was also stated that the
27:
transmission was offered to customers as a means to expedite delivery of documents. This was before the widespread availability and use of fax services in homes and businesses. Eventually judged a commercial failure, it was discontinued just over two years later.
149:, founder and CEO, has been described as follows: “A guy like Fred Smith doesn’t build a company like FedEx without taking some risks and making some mistakes, but clearly the successes far outweigh the failures”.
40:
For higher volume users, FedEx would install a “Zapmailer” fax machine in the client's premises, usually in the mail room. To provide the fax network, FedEx had to invest heavily in fax machines from
864:
84:
and the resulting grounding of the shuttle fleet. It was further announced in August that the upgraded equipment would be compatible with Group 3 fax standards.
677:
712:
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687:
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72:
818:
682:
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707:
879:
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Because the service was still centered on the mailroom, often the speed advantage was lost in the internal mail system
326:
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760:
100:
Confidentiality – the uncovered documents had to be handled by FedEx employees at both ends of the fax transmission
775:
770:
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80:
75:” transmission would be carried by satellite. This plan could not be realised due to the destruction of the
745:
740:
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198:
106:
Fax machines, like many examples of electronic equipment, became affordable even for smaller companies
791:
717:
576:
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Problems such as inability to transmit light toned originals and telephone line limitations persisted
571:
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404:
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498:
448:
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savings could later be used to offer discounted services to increase volumes and margins.
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140:
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public phone network, the documents were carried over the company's own
44:, which at the time were expensive. Additionally, rather than use the
103:
In some cases, there was customer confusion of how the service worked
389:
420:
64:
60:
20:
838:
45:
393:
41:
24:
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Color and high resolution images could not be transmitted
131:
at the time of the
Zapmail launch, went on to become
19:
was a service, launched in 1984 by
Federal Express (
784:
731:
660:
637:
620:
595:
585:
562:
535:
526:
470:
441:
434:
865:History of telecommunications in the United States
172:"The failure of fax. When a vision is not enough"
115:Machines were not compatible with public networks
405:
8:
193:
191:
532:
438:
412:
398:
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165:
163:
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301:. Fortune Small Business. Archived from
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59:The Zapmailer did not conform to the
7:
267:"Federal Express plans for Zapmail"
52:, requiring still more investment.
247:"Customer-owned networks: Zapmail"
14:
327:"Federal Express Zapmailer move"
602:Air & Ocean Cargo Networks
37:delivered to its destination.
1:
819:FedEx Institute of Technology
374:"Fed Ex delivers on the deal"
544:Caribbean Transport Services
834:Indianapolis FedEx shooting
451:(founder, chairman and CEO)
296:"How I delivered the goods"
896:
220:"Is the technology ready?"
177:. Texas A&M University
427:
352:"Fed Ex company history"
376:. Strategy and business
50:packet-switched network
646:Print and Ship Centers
199:"Value added services"
170:Jonathan Coopersmith.
354:. Fundinguniverse.com
792:American Freightways
488:Shirley Ann Jackson
457:(president and COO)
880:1984 introductions
627:Customer Relations
499:Joshua Cooper Ramo
449:Frederick W. Smith
372:Michael Copeland.
201:. Telephony Online
852:
851:
829:Flying Tiger Line
656:
655:
605:Customs Brokerage
522:
521:
484:Kimberly A. Jabal
421:FedEx Corporation
887:
630:Delivery Manager
533:
509:David P. Steiner
461:Robert B. Carter
439:
429:Established 1971
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294:(October 2002).
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797:Asia Airfreight
780:
733:
727:
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581:
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552:Custom Critical
528:
518:
480:Tricia Griffith
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455:Raj Subramaniam
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308:on July 9, 2007
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802:Caliber System
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608:Forward Depots
606:
603:
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590:Freight Canada
589:
587:
583:
582:
580:
579:
577:Ground Economy
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492:R. Brad Martin
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331:New York Times
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271:New York Times
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245:(2003-01-07).
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156:
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137:McCaw Cellular
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572:Home Delivery
570:
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531:
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514:Paul S. Walsh
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139:and later of
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125:Jim Barksdale
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77:Space Shuttle
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31:
29:
26:
22:
18:
870:Express mail
843:
824:FedEx Racing
806:
673:Indianapolis
649:SameDay City
612:Supply Chain
555:Cross Border
504:Susan Schwab
495:Fred Perpall
378:. Retrieved
367:
356:. Retrieved
346:
335:. Retrieved
333:. 1986-08-28
330:
321:
310:. Retrieved
303:the original
286:
275:. Retrieved
273:. 1986-03-21
270:
261:
250:. Retrieved
237:
226:. Retrieved
214:
203:. Retrieved
179:. Retrieved
145:
123:
86:
79:
69:
58:
54:
39:
35:
16:
15:
814:FedEx Forum
776:Flight 1478
771:Flight 1406
548:TNT Express
243:Clay Shirky
120:Post script
859:Categories
766:Flight 910
761:Flight 705
756:Flight 647
751:Flight 630
693:Fort Worth
442:Executives
380:2007-11-26
358:2007-11-26
337:2007-11-26
312:2007-11-26
292:Fred Smith
277:2007-11-26
252:2007-11-26
228:2007-11-26
205:2007-11-26
181:2007-11-26
153:References
147:Fred Smith
81:Challenger
63:(formerly
23:) whereby
808:Cast Away
746:Flight 80
741:Flight 14
734:accidents
713:Guangzhou
678:Anchorage
596:Logistics
527:Operating
473:directors
92:Drawbacks
73:last mile
661:Air hubs
621:Services
471:Board of
141:Netscape
127:, FedEx
844:Zapmail
785:Related
723:Toronto
718:Cologne
683:Oakland
668:Memphis
586:Freight
537:Express
32:History
17:Zapmail
732:Flight
708:Kansai
688:Newark
639:Office
564:Ground
435:People
875:FedEx
703:Paris
698:Miami
529:units
463:(CIO)
306:(PDF)
299:(PDF)
223:(ppt)
175:(PDF)
65:CCITT
61:ITU-T
21:FedEx
839:KIAC
46:PSTN
135:of
133:CEO
129:COO
42:NEC
25:fax
861::
329:.
269:.
190:^
160:^
143:.
413:e
406:t
399:v
383:.
361:.
340:.
315:.
280:.
255:.
231:.
208:.
184:.
71:“
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