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36:
413:
crossing the range, including Akhba-Tavastfin, Akhba-Bevut, Akhba-Guzun, Akhba-Surkltat, Darkh Pass, Minora, and Marda-Kishtigeh. Various elevations include 3,550 metres (11,650 ft) at Kshtut Pass, 5,600 metres (18,400 ft) at Mount
Chandara, and 4,600 metres (15,100 ft) at Mount Hazret
446:
reached the
Zarafshan Valley. The name of Lake Iskanderkul clearly originates from the name of Alexander - Iskander; however, attempts to place a connection between the lake and the campaign only exist at the level of legend. Together with the rest of Western Tajikistan, the Zarafshan Range has
397:
The highest part of the range is located between the Fan Darya and the
Kashtutu Darya and includes the Fann Mountains. The western part of the range is up to 3 kilometres (9,800 ft) and is forested. The southern slopes of the western part of the ridge belong to the drainage basin of the
390:, which is 24.75 kilometres (15.38 mi) long and is one of the longest glaciers of the Central Asia. The northern slopes of the Matcha Range are relatively smooth and descend to the Zarafshan, whereas the southern slopes sharply drop to the valley of the
425:
The geological formations in the mountains of the upper
Zarafshan Valley contain minerals such as coal, iron, gold alum and sulphur. Gold is reported from the entire course of the Fan Darya, Kashtutu Darya, and Maghian Darya.
343:
There are two other mountain ranges running in an east−west direction parallel to the
Zarafshan Range. To the north, the Zeravshan Valley runs east for approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) from
406:. Water is precious in the region and is utilized for irrigation − an irrigation system that has developed involves 85 main canal totalling a length of 2,530 kilometres (1,570 mi).
509:. The Okrug was controlled by Russian authorities, but the authority at the local level remained with the beks. The whole Zarafshan Range was inside the okrug. On January 1, 1887
280:
The
Persian name is believed to possibly be a reference to gold found in bed of the Zarafshan River and its tributaries, which has ushered prosperity to the region from ancient times.
545:
crosses the range; another road to
Samarkand follows the Zarafshan River. The roads into secondary valleys, including the Yaghnob valley, are mostly unpaved and poorly maintained.
474:
In 1862, the
Russian Empire started to penetrate to Central Asia. By 1870, Russian troops occupied both the Zarafshan and the Yaghnob valleys, with the last operation being the
518:
1039:
1034:
840:
780:
378:, all of which flow north and are left tributaries of the Zarafshan. The part of the Zarafshan Range east of the Fan Darya is known as the
513:
was established, with the administrative center in
Samarkand. In 1924, Samarkand Oblast was abolished and split between newly established
80:
197:
939:
479:
582:
577:
514:
460:
328:, where it continues at decreasing elevations (1,500–2,000 metres (4,900–6,600 ft)) along the internal border between
467:. The Zarafshan, Yaghnob, and Fan Darya valleys were essentially controlled by local authorities (beks). The fortress of
495:
73:
486:
under control. After 1870, military topographers started to map the mountains, including the
Zarafshan Range. In 1870,
502:
487:
320:, reaching the highest point of 5,489 metres (18,009 ft) (Chimtarga Peak) in its central part. South-west of
20:
435:
438:
are preserved in the Uzbek portion of the range. In about 400 BC, they belonged to the Iranian civilization of
403:
301:
681:
475:
568:
The Fann Mountains, and, to lesser extent, the Matcha Mountains are popular among mountaineers and hikers.
613:
387:
375:
371:
443:
296:
803:
379:
993:
506:
464:
448:
333:
312:
The range extends over 370 kilometres (230 mi) in an east−west direction along the south of
1014:
859:
955:
529:
All valleys of the range are populated. There are no towns in the range; the closest towns are
935:
929:
891:
836:
830:
776:
452:
399:
382:. It has heights around 5 kilometres (16,000 ft) and in the east, it is connected to the
468:
772:
703:
696:
628:
510:
402:, which rises in the range's southern watershed. The river terminates between Panjakent and
329:
159:
557:
348:
274:
914:
797:
494:
discovered the Zarafshan Glacier and investigated the upper part of the valley. In 1892,
655:
634:
604:
553:
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483:
383:
360:
270:
254:
230:
174:
144:
1028:
765:
410:
391:
288:
549:
352:
313:
386:
and the Turkestan Range. This point (the Matcha Mountains) is the location of the
910:
Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara, and Kuldja
521:, corresponding to the contemporary division between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
366:
The Zarafshan Range is crossed in the meridional direction by three rivers: the
356:
1008:
908:
325:
317:
305:
266:
262:
258:
237:
35:
95:
82:
534:
530:
414:
Sultan. Fan Darya makes a gorge going across the ridge. The road connecting
367:
344:
337:
321:
987:
538:
456:
439:
434:
The slopes of the range have been populated since antiquity. Prehistoric
415:
542:
419:
63:
832:
Arsenic Contamination in the World: An International Sourcebook 2012
295:
287:
41:
359:, the Zarafshan Range and the Gissar Range are connected by the
799:
Russian Central Asia: Including Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva and Merv
478:
in the spring of 1870, under the command of the Major General
490:
lead an expedition to the Zarafshan Valley, and in 1880,
336:
provinces, until it blends into the desert south-west of
907:
Eugene Schuyler; Vasilīĭ Vasilʹevich Grigorʹev (1877).
802:. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington. pp.
686:
355:
runs parallel to the Zarafshan Range. To the west of
896:(Public domain ed.). J. Murray. pp. 213–.
890:Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) (1886).
645:
618:
269:mountains. Almost all of the range belongs to the
229:
221:
185:
129:
124:
116:
111:
72:
62:
54:
49:
28:
764:
442:. In 330 BC, during the Asian Campaign, troops of
960:(in Russian). Tajikistan Development Gateway Team
482:. During the expedition, Russian troops took the
471:was built to protect the gorge of the Fan Darya.
459:. In the 13th century, it was taken over by the
447:changed hands several times, being part of the
913:. Scribner, Armstrong & Company. pp.
463:, and in the 16th century, became part of the
885:
883:
881:
879:
817:Atlas of the Soviet Republics of Central Asia
711:
706:
674:
151:
8:
758:
756:
754:
752:
363:, which is the highest part of both ranges.
717:
347:and separates the Zarafshan Range from the
166:
136:
16:Mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
519:Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
25:
300:View from the Takhta-Karacha Pass on the
548:Most of the population of the range are
934:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 145–.
771:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
748:
594:
324:the range crosses from Tajikistan into
204:
120:230 mi (370 km) East–West
981:
979:
977:
975:
629:[qɐtʰɔɾ(ˈ)kʰɵ(ˈhɔ)jɪzɐɾɐfˈʃɔn]
40:Part of the Zarafshan Range seen from
854:
852:
695:
654:
627:
7:
707:
829:Murcott, Susan (1 November 2012).
697:[zʲɪrɐfˈʂanskʲɪjxrʲɪˈbʲet]
14:
835:. IWA Publishing. pp. 164–.
763:Soucek, Svat (17 February 2000).
498:investigated the Yaghnob valley.
203:
196:
34:
583:List of mountains of Uzbekistan
578:List of mountains in Tajikistan
515:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
1:
1040:Mountain ranges of Uzbekistan
1035:Mountain ranges of Tajikistan
656:[zæɾæɸˈʃɒntʰɪzmæˈsɪ̆]
68:5,489 m (18,009 ft)
864:(in Russian). A.S.T. Company
819:(in Russian), Moscow (1988).
1010:Владимир Леонтьевич Комаров
712:
687:
646:
619:
1056:
1007:Гвоздецкий, Н. А. (1953).
21:Zarafshan (disambiguation)
18:
986:Пагануцци, Н. В. (1968).
675:
638:
620:Qatorko‘h(ho)yi Zarafshon
608:
436:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
225:Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
190:
152:
137:
33:
1009:
988:
956:
928:Eugene Schuyler (1966).
860:
552:. The population of the
796:Henry Lansdell (1885).
767:A History of Inner Asia
537:. A major road between
422:is built in the ridge.
1013:(in Russian). Moscow:
992:(in Russian). Moscow:
609:Қаторкӯҳ(ҳо)и Зарафшон
476:Iskanderkul Expedition
309:
304:between Samarkand and
293:
212:Location in Tajikistan
167:
299:
291:
284:Geography and geology
989:Фанские горы и Ягноб
893:Supplementary Papers
351:. To the south, the
138:Қаторкӯҳҳои Зарафшон
19:For other uses, see
688:Zeravšanskij hrebet
676:Зеравшанский хребет
505:was split from the
444:Alexander the Great
334:Kashkadarya Regions
292:The Zarafshan River
153:Зеравшанский хребет
92: /
994:Fizkultura i sport
507:Emirate of Bukhara
465:Khanate of Bukhara
449:Hephthalite Empire
409:There are several
310:
294:
50:Highest point
842:978-1-78040-038-9
782:978-0-521-65704-4
685:
647:Zarafshon tizmasi
644:
617:
480:Alexander Abramov
453:Umayyad Caliphate
388:Zarafshan Glacier
243:
242:
96:39.333°N 69.667°E
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643:romanized:
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639:Зарафшон тизмаси
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511:Samarkand Oblast
496:Vladimir Komarov
488:Alexey Fedchenko
357:Lake Iskanderkul
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503:Zarafshan Okrug
432:
349:Turkestan Range
286:
275:Zarafshan River
271:drainage basins
251:Zeravshan Range
249:, formerly the
247:Zarafshan Range
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29:Zarafshan Range
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554:Yaghnob Valley
526:
523:
492:Ivan Mushketov
484:Yaghnob Valley
457:Samanid Empire
431:
428:
376:Maghian Darrya
372:Kashtutu Darya
361:Fann Mountains
285:
282:
265:, part of the
255:mountain range
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101:39.333; 69.667
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58:Chimtarga Peak
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941:9780710050533
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673:Russian:
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392:Yaghnob River
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37:
32:
27:
22:
1002:
962:. Retrieved
957:Искандеркуль
950:
930:
923:
909:
902:
892:
866:. Retrieved
861:Гиссаро-Алай
831:
824:
816:
812:
798:
791:
766:
727:Gold-Sprayer
666:
597:
567:
547:
528:
500:
473:
433:
424:
408:
404:Lake Karakul
400:Kashka Darya
396:
380:Matcha Range
365:
342:
314:Sughd Region
311:
279:
250:
246:
244:
232:Parent range
353:Hisar range
130:Native name
99: /
74:Coordinates
1029:Categories
1015:Geografgiz
743:References
525:Population
455:, and the
384:Alay Range
374:, and the
326:Uzbekistan
318:Tajikistan
306:Shahrisabz
267:Pamir-Alay
263:Uzbekistan
259:Tajikistan
238:Pamir-Alay
112:Dimensions
931:Turkistan
682:romanized
614:romanized
535:Samarkand
531:Panjakent
501:In 1868,
368:Fan Darya
345:Samarkand
338:Samarkand
330:Samarkand
322:Panjakent
222:Countries
186:Geography
168:Zarafshon
64:Elevation
713:Zarafšân
572:See also
558:Yaghnobi
556:are the
539:Dushanbe
440:Sogdiana
416:Dushanbe
721:
708:زرافشان
704:Persian
616::
564:Tourism
543:Khujand
469:Sarvoda
461:Mongols
430:History
420:Khujand
273:of the
253:, is a
160:Russian
87:69°40′E
84:39°20′N
964:28 May
938:
868:27 May
839:
779:
550:Tajiks
451:, the
411:passes
370:, the
171:
156:
141:
125:Naming
117:Length
702:From
635:Uzbek
605:Tajik
589:Notes
175:Uzbek
145:Tajik
42:Anzob
966:2013
936:ISBN
870:2013
837:ISBN
777:ISBN
718:lit.
693:IPA:
652:IPA:
625:IPA:
541:and
533:and
517:and
418:and
332:and
261:and
245:The
55:Peak
44:Pass
915:275
804:534
775:–.
316:in
302:M39
257:in
1031::
974:^
917:–.
878:^
851:^
806:–.
751:^
716:;
691:,
679:,
650:,
641:,
637::
623:,
611:,
607::
560:.
394:.
340:.
277:.
1017:.
996:.
968:.
944:.
872:.
845:.
785:.
773:4
732:.
730:'
724:'
684::
308:.
177:)
173:(
162:)
158:(
147:)
143:(
23:.
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