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606:. These journals and maps gave Americans important information about trade opportunities along with the blueprints for the Santa Fe Trail. It was popular and was later translated into Dutch, French, and German editions. It became popular reading for all American explorers who followed him in the 19th century.
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but rebounded in 1906, at the centennial of his
Southwest Expedition. His 20th-century reputation focused on his exploration, and his name appeared often on natural features, such as dams, islands, lakes, and parks. Pike's Peak remains the second most visited mountain in the world. Pike's expedition
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province, and presented to
Commandant General Salcedo, who was governor of the state. Pike was treated well and invited to formal social dinners but still not quite given the treatment of a visiting dignitary, and his men were kept prisoner. Salcedo housed Pike with Juan Pedro Walker, a cartographer
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which has been attributed to Pike's journals. The myth, said to be derived from a missing portion of Pike's confiscated journals, is usually told in two segments. The first sequence involves Pike's unlikely acquisition of a great treasure. The second is a description of Pike's discovery of the lost
440:. He also relayed the United States' desire that the Ojibwe and Dakota cease their mutual hostility and invited the chiefs to attend a peace conference in St. Louis (all declined the invitation to travel through several hundred miles of hostile territory). On February 10, they ceremonially shot the
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Alas, Collot was not very secretive. Before he left
Pittsburgh on his journey, American authorities discovered his mission and shadowed him. Zebulon Pike, a U.S. Army officer who would later become an explorer and the namesake of Pike's Peak in Colorado, arrested Collot at Fort Massac near what is
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rivers. Additional objectives of this exploratory expedition into the southwestern part of the
Louisiana Territory were to evaluate natural resources and establish friendly relations with Native Americans. It is commonly said that his expedition was an innocent exploration of the West, but that is
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Pike and his men left Leech Lake on
February 18, carrying diplomatic tokens from the Ojibwe chiefs to present to the Dakota chiefs as a gesture of reconciliation, arriving at their winter encampment on March 5. They re-embarked in their pirogues for the downriver journey on April 7, reaching St.
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During this time, Pike had access to various maps of the southwest and learned about Mexico's discontentment with
Spanish rule. Spain filed official protests with the United States about Pike's expedition, but since the nations were not at war (and Spain was rebelling against
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As
Michael Olsen shows, after Pike's death in battle, his military accomplishments were widely celebrated in terms of biographies, mourning memorials, paintings, poems, and songs, and he became the namesake for dozens of towns, counties, and ships. His memory faded after the
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The
Spanish authorities confiscated some of Pike's papers, which were not recovered by the United States from Mexico until the 20th century. Pike wrote an account of his expeditions, some of which had to be recreated from memory, which was published in 1810 as
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who also acted as an interpreter. Walker transcribed and translated Pike's confiscated documents, including his journal. Spanish authorities feared the spread of both democracy and
Protestant Christian sects that might undermine their rule.
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In 1810, Pike published an account of his expeditions, a book so popular that it was translated into several languages for publication in Europe. He later achieved the rank of brigadier general in the
American Army and served during the
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on February 1 and stayed nearly three weeks. Pike informed the traders they were within the boundaries of the United States and henceforth required to abide by its laws and regulations. Pike met with many prominent
589:) on April 27, 1813. Pike was killed, along with numerous other American troops, by flying rocks and other debris when the withdrawing British garrison blew up its ammunition magazine as Pike's troops approached
298:. He was the son of Isabella (Brown) and Zebulon Pike, and would follow in the footsteps of his father, who had begun his own career in the military service of the United States in 1775 at the beginning of the
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376:, a French officer who had been tasked to tour the Mississippi frontier and draw maps that France might use if it were to try and seize the lightly settled territory from the nascent United States.
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for shelter during the winter. However, they had crossed the border, whether through confusion or deliberation. Spanish authorities captured Pike and some of his party on February 26, 1807.
1883:
1790:– award-winning film produced with the help of Pike Historian W. Eugene Hollon, the U.S. Army, the Smithsonian and the National Archives about the explorer's time in what is now Colorado
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After Pike returned from this first expedition, General Wilkinson almost immediately ordered him to mount a second expedition, this time to explore, map, and find the headwaters of the
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499:). They made it as far as Mt. Rosa, located southeast of Pikes Peak, before giving up the ascent in waist-deep snow. They had already gone almost two days without food.
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257:(present-day Mexico) for interrogation. Later in 1807, Pike and some of his men were escorted by the Spanish through Texas and released near American territory in
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526:), Commandant Salcedo released the military men. The Spanish escorted Pike and most of his men north, releasing them at the Louisiana border on July 1, 1807.
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division, whose R&D department is headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado have produced at least two shocks the Zeb and the Pike named after Zebulon
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The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the years 1805–6–7
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The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to Headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the Years 1805–6–7
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Pike commanded the advance guard of an American force which was defeated—primarily because of the poor planning and half-hearted effort of his commander,
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662:) in Monument Valley Park, Colorado Springs. For over two hundred years, historians have debated whether Pike was truly an explorer, or if he was a spy.
651:
860:
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The Biography of the Principal American Military and Naval Heroes; Comprehending Details of Their Achievements During the Revolutionary and Late Wars
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Matthews, George R. 2016. Zebulon Pike : Thomas Jefferson's Agent for Empire. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC.
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not the case. This was a mission to prepare for an American invasion of New Mexico. Beginning July 15, 1806, Pike led what became known as the "
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Pike married his cousin Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801. They had one child who survived to adulthood, Clarissa Brown Pike, who later married
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452:(later renamed Cass Lake), designating the lake as the upper source of the Mississippi and taking celestial observations to determine its
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Simmons, Shane (2016). Legends & Lore of East Tennessee (American Legends) Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: The History Press. p. 113.
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Zebulon Ice, a Colorado Department of Transportation snowplow, in a winning name submitted by a Colorado child as part of a 2021 contest.
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chiefs, prevailing on them to surrender the medals and flags given to them as tokens of allegiance by the British and offering American
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Pike National Historic Trail Study Act: report (to accompany S. 2876) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)
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Louis on April 20. Pike's was the second expedition dispatched by the government into its new territory, and the first to return.
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538:. He was promoted to colonel of the 15th Infantry Regiment in July 1812. Pike's military career also included service as deputy
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Pike was promoted to captain during the southwestern expedition. In 1811, Pike fought with the 4th Infantry Regiment at the
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illegally trading within the borders of the United States. Pike left St. Louis on August 9, 1805, proceeding upstream by
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In early November 1806, Pike and his team sighted and tried to climb to the summit of the peak later named after him (
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city "Palanor," said to be built by pre-Columbian European settlers, and his decision to hide the treasure there.
420:, on October 16. On December 10, they continued upstream along the frozen river on foot, visiting several British
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Irving, Washington (November 1814). "Biographical Memoir of the Late Brigadier General Zebulon Montgomery Pike".
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593:. His body was brought by ship back to Sackets Harbor, where his remains were buried at the military cemetery.
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Pike's military career included working on logistics and payroll at a series of frontier posts, including
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gave Pike insight into the region. For example, he described the politics in Chihuahua, which led to the
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345:'s son, John Cleves Symmes Harrison. They had four other children who died before reaching adulthood.
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into what is now southern Colorado, which led to his capture by the Spanish colonial authorities near
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route of approximately 3,664 miles is maintained to this day by the Pike National Trail Association.
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movement, and described trade conditions in the Spanish territories of New Mexico and Chihuahua.
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In some eastern regions of North America, a tradition or legend pervades often referred to as
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in November 1812. Pike was promoted to brigadier general in March 1813. Along with General
206:(January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom
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The Forgotten Expedition, 1804–1805: The Louisiana Purchase Journals of Dunbar and Hunter
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Valkenburg, Samuel Van (1976). "Pike, Zebulon Montgomery". In William D. Halsey (ed.).
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2004:
1784:– an examination of the often-heard critique of Pike's Mississippi River expedition
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (2018).
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234:. Pike's expeditions coincided with other Jeffersonian expeditions, including the
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territory, first in 1805–1806 to reconnoiter the upper northern reaches of the
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Zebulon Pike Jr. grew to adulthood with his family at a series of outposts in
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In the summer of 1805, Wilkinson ordered Pike to locate the source of the
1153:"Kentucky invasion? Rare spy map shows French plans for frontier America"
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They then continued south, searching for the Red River's headwaters, and
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1270:. Vol. 19. New York: Macmillan Educational Corporation. p. 46.
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Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the opening of the American West
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Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West
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Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West
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Zebulon Pike, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West
1445:. Report / 115th Congress, 2d session, Senate. Washington, D.C.: .
1384:"Zebulon Pike and American Popular Culture – or – Has Pike Peaked?"
569:, Pike departed from the newly fortified rural military outpost of
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Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance
467:
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1052:. Vol. II (Second ed.). New York: John Low. p. 9.
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Nicholas King, Zebulon Pike, Anthony Nau, and Francis Shallus's
314:
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1778:– the animals Pike and his men encountered in central Minnesota
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Pike Valley School District, Kansas School District, U.S.D. 426
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now Metropolis, Ill., but had no legal grounds to detain him.
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at the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers in
1004:
Berry, Trey; Beasley, Pam; Clements, Jeanne, eds. (2006).
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with a marble statue placed near the main entrance of the
1634:"Name That Plow – Colorado Department of Transportation"
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Pike Trail League, Kansas high school activities league
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from the fur company's flag pole, replacing it with an
1692:
Citizen Explorer: The Adventurous Life of Zebulon Pike
1410:
Citizen Explorer: The Adventurous Life of Zebulon Pike
1325:
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery (1965). Elliott Coues (ed.).
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Pike and his men were taken to Santa Fe and on to the
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American military personnel killed in the War of 1812
1010:. Louisiana State University Press. p. xi, fn2.
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Pike's capture by the Spanish and travel through the
302:. Through his father, he was a direct descendant of
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1675:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1117:. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
1113:Buckley, Jay H.; Harris, Matthew L., eds. (2012).
1650:Harris, Matthew L; Buckley, Jay H., eds. (2012).
372:In 1796, Pike shadowed the expedition of General
1198:Citizen explorer : the life of Zebulon Pike
2306:United States Army personnel of the War of 1812
1761:"Butler County connections to the Mexican War"
1528:Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins
710:, and also in footage at the end of the film '
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1580:Garman-Schlaefli, Gloria (January 31, 2008).
8:
2331:Inspectors general of the United States Army
1884:Inspectors General of the United States Army
1673:The Lost Pathfinder, Zebulon Montgomery Pike
1514:. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 441.
1345:Harris, Matthew L.; Buckley, Jay H. (2012).
369:and headquartered there, became his mentor.
2336:Military personnel from Trenton, New Jersey
2301:Adjutants general of the United States Army
218:officer he led two expeditions through the
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1861:
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1228:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
306:, who was famous being an opponent of the
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1534:. Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 176.
522:brother, who was fighting England in the
27:American general and explorer (1779–1813)
1065:"General Zebulon M. Pike, Somerset-Born"
946:General Zebulon Pike Lock and Dam No. 11
658:(named after Pike's Dakota guide, Chief
1582:"Pike Trail League formed 60 years ago"
996:
969:
404:on September 21, where he negotiated a
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676:Camp Pike, Arkansas (A sub-section of
325:at the time. He was commissioned as a
2326:History of United States expansionism
1608:"First Ride: RockShox's New Zeb Fork"
1340:
1338:
1331:. Ross & Haines (published 1895).
308:Salem witchcraft prosecutions of 1692
294:Pike was born on January 5, 1779, in
245:Pike's second expedition crossed the
7:
1069:Somerset County Historical Quarterly
329:of infantry in 1799 and promoted to
2311:American explorers of North America
1837:Inspector General of the U. S. Army
1812:Adjutant Generals of the U. S. Army
1063:Backes, William J. (October 1919).
2366:People from Bedminster, New Jersey
2321:Pre-statehood history of Minnesota
2316:American people of English descent
1788:Zebulon Pike and the Blue Mountain
1468:. January 1, 1902. pp. 31–32.
1466:Facts Illustrated Vol. 9 No. 13/14
365:, appointed Governor of the Upper
25:
1382:Olsen, Michael L. (Spring 2006).
1089:Zebulon Pike: Lost in the Rockies
131:
1841:March 12, 1813 – April 27, 1813
1816:March 12, 1813 – April 27, 1813
1656:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1349:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1287:Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto
972:
408:, purchasing the future site of
343:President William Henry Harrison
193:
1751:National Park Service biography
754:Zebulon Pike Lake Reservoir in
269:until he was killed during the
253:, who sent Pike and his men to
158:
123:, Sackets Harbor, New York
2356:Explorers of the United States
1733:Works by or about Zebulon Pike
648:General William Jackson Palmer
396:. He and his crew reached the
1:
427:They reached the fur post at
1487:Sunday Gazette and Telegraph
1151:Tom Eblen (March 19, 2017).
981:Map of the Mississippi River
713:Action in the North Atlantic
646:Pike was honored in 1901 by
2346:United States Army generals
1525:Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975).
1037:. Vol. 4. p. 380.
374:Georges Henri Victor Collot
273:in April 1813, outside the
2382:
1671:Hollon, W. Eugene (1949).
1313:Graves of Upstate New York
1245:"Trailing Lewis and Clark"
1086:Calvert, Patricia (2005).
874:Morrison County, Minnesota
756:Morrison County, Minnesota
300:American Revolutionary War
236:Lewis and Clark Expedition
1890:
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1834:
1826:
1818:
1809:
1801:
1796:
704:(appears in Episode 1 of
583:successful attack on York
424:fur posts along the way.
192:
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1283:"Chapter 31B: Fort York"
892:Wyoming County, New York
741:Fort Snelling State Park
680:Arkansas National Guard)
622:The Lost City of Palanor
290:Early life and education
1756:Santa Fe Trail Research
1048:Wilson, Thomas (1822).
563:Battle of Lacolle Mills
416:, south of present-day
400:of the Mississippi and
204:Zebulon Montgomery Pike
62:Zebulon Montgomery Pike
2361:Red River of the South
1508:Upham, Warren (1920).
1268:Collier's Encyclopedia
1158:Kentucky Herald-Leader
1092:. Marshall Cavendish.
883:Marion County, Indiana
865:Cass County, Minnesota
476:
406:treaty with the Dakota
333:later that same year.
1763:Hamilton Journal-News
1742:Works by Zebulon Pike
1724:Works by Zebulon Pike
1464:"William J. Palmer".
1247:. TeachingHistory.org
931:Pikes Peak State Park
695:is named in his honor
471:
323:northwestern frontier
296:Lamington, New Jersey
285:Early and family life
148:Clarissa Harlow Brown
76:Lamington, New Jersey
50:Charles Willson Peale
1690:Orsi, Jared (2014).
1586:Jewell County Record
1408:Orsi, Jared (2014).
1196:Orsi, Jared (2013).
992:Notes and references
935:Clayton County, Iowa
916:Pike National Forest
856:Pikesville, Maryland
851:Pikeville, Tennessee
845:Pikesville, Kentucky
786:and its county seat
678:Camp Joe T. Robinson
615:Mexican independence
536:Battle of Tippecanoe
511:capital of Chihuahua
450:Upper Red Cedar Lake
321:—the United States'
277:colonial capital of
240:Red River Expedition
1782:Was Pike a Failure?
1770:Pike's Explorations
1556:"Zebulon, Kentucky"
1480:"Bronze Medallions"
1163:Maysville, Kentucky
925:Pikes Peak Marathon
870:Pike Creek Township
840:Pikeville, Kentucky
367:Louisiana Territory
355:Fort Belle Fontaine
337:Marriage and family
109:Cause of death
1034:Analectic Magazine
901:Stark County, Ohio
597:Confiscated Papers
477:
475:, central Colorado
442:British red ensign
422:North West Company
220:Louisiana Purchase
181:Emory Jenison Pike
95:York, Upper Canada
2278:
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1851:
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1844:Succeeded by
1819:Succeeded by
1805:Thomas H. Cushing
1797:Military offices
1728:Project Gutenberg
1701:978-0-19-976872-1
1682:978-0-8061-0193-4
1419:978-0-19-976872-1
1356:978-0-8061-8844-7
1207:978-0-19-931454-6
1017:978-0-8071-3165-7
905:Zebulon, Kentucky
861:Pike Bay Township
548:inspector general
464:Second expedition
386:Mississippi River
327:second lieutenant
224:Mississippi River
201:
200:
121:Military Cemetery
16:(Redirected from
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1827:Preceded by
1802:Preceded by
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1776:Pike's Menagerie
1737:Internet Archive
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1489:. March 26, 1927
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1289:. Archived from
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402:Minnesota Rivers
380:First expedition
331:first lieutenant
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112:Killed in action
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1644:Further reading
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1974:
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1746:Open Library
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1616:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1588:. No. 5
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1295:. Retrieved
1291:the original
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686:General Pike
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579:Lake Ontario
556:
542:-general in
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438:peace medals
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418:Little Falls
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279:Upper Canada
263:
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89:(1813-04-27)
48:Portrait by
36:Zebulon Pike
29:
2296:1813 deaths
2291:1779 births
2095:Chamberlain
1910:von Steuben
1694:. OUP USA.
1618:October 26,
1592:February 8,
1565:February 9,
1493:October 21,
1412:. OUP USA.
1397:(1): 48–59.
927:in Colorado
808:Mississippi
768:Pike County
762:Communities
737:Pike Island
567:Jacob Brown
552:War of 1812
550:during the
544:New Orleans
530:War of 1812
390:fur traders
304:Robert Pike
267:War of 1812
128:Occupations
2341:Pikes Peak
2285:Categories
2240:Mikolashek
2175:Richardson
2090:Garlington
1900:du Coudray
1451:1106557995
1200:. Oxford.
847:(historic)
750:Pikes Peak
732:Pike Creek
520:Napoleon's
497:Pikes Peak
473:Pikes Peak
429:Leech Lake
414:Swan River
398:confluence
361:. General
228:New Mexico
208:Pikes Peak
102:, Ontario)
68:1779-01-05
2150:Zimmerman
2025:Mansfield
2015:Churchill
1710:930952953
1428:930952953
1224:cite book
1216:862077026
745:Minnesota
721:Landforms
693:Fort Knox
672:Fort Pike
640:Civil War
611:Southwest
591:Fort York
577:shore of
573:, on the
359:St. Louis
259:Louisiana
255:Chihuahua
242:in 1806.
216:U.S. Army
188:Signature
177:Relatives
2260:Quantock
2250:Whitcomb
2235:Ackerman
2225:Griffith
2210:Thompson
2190:Woodward
2180:Garrison
2165:McDaniel
2125:Peterson
2050:Schriver
1955:Hamilton
1920:De Butts
1895:La Balme
1612:Pinkbike
1297:July 30,
1251:July 12,
958:RockShox
920:Colorado
813:Missouri
803:Kentucky
793:Illinois
779:Arkansas
727:Pike Bay
666:Military
575:New York
481:Arkansas
454:latitude
319:Illinois
251:Santa Fe
238:and the
212:Colorado
169:Children
136:explorer
2255:Vangjel
2185:Enemark
2160:Pierson
2115:Preston
2100:Helmick
2040:Sackett
2010:Croghan
1995:Gadsden
1965:Nickoll
1960:Cushing
1950:Cushing
1940:Haskell
1925:Rudolph
1735:at the
798:Indiana
788:Zebulon
784:Georgia
774:Alabama
587:Toronto
394:pirogue
275:British
163:
155:
151:
133:General
100:Toronto
2270:Martin
2230:Jordan
2215:Doctor
2205:Trefry
2200:Fuller
2195:Maples
2130:Sultan
2105:Rivers
2085:Burton
2055:Hardie
2020:McCall
2000:Archer
1985:Parker
1980:Winder
1945:Butler
1930:Butler
1905:Conway
1846:vacant
1821:vacant
1708:
1698:
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1121:
1096:
1014:
983:, 1810
955:SRAM's
660:Tahama
633:Legacy
434:Ojibwe
143:Spouse
78:, U.S.
52:, 1808
2265:Smith
2245:Green
2220:Corns
2155:Ogden
2140:Craig
2135:Wyche
2080:Vroom
2070:Jones
2065:Baird
2060:Davis
2035:Marcy
2030:Scott
1990:Hayne
1970:Smyth
1935:Mills
1915:North
1532:(PDF)
1483:(PDF)
1387:(PDF)
910:Other
585:(now
357:near
232:Texas
157:(
153:
98:(now
2170:Ives
2145:Noce
2120:Reed
2110:Drum
2005:Wool
1975:Pike
1706:OCLC
1696:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1620:2022
1594:2016
1567:2024
1536:ISBN
1495:2018
1447:OCLC
1424:OCLC
1414:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1299:2015
1253:2011
1230:link
1212:OCLC
1202:ISBN
1170:2019
1119:ISBN
1094:ISBN
1012:ISBN
818:Ohio
770:in:
684:USS
546:and
483:and
317:and
315:Ohio
230:and
84:Died
58:Born
1744:at
1726:at
948:in
933:in
918:in
624:or
492:".
485:Red
210:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
