26:
2128:
657:
631:, designed and built exclusively with Avio technologies, is 3.5 metres tall, weighs 11.5 tonnes and burns 9 tonnes of solid propellant. It has a nominal burn time of 77 seconds with combustion chamber pressure of 95
510:
took place at Salto di Quirra on 28 March 2007. After 35 seconds, there was a sudden drop in the motor's internal pressure, leading to an increased combustion time. On 23 October 2008, an enhanced version of the
779:
596:, where the number represent the intended propellant weight at design phase, are used respectively as second and third stage of Vega rockets. Both motors have a 1.9 m diameter
645:, the motor has an increased exercise pression, better structural load margins for both the casing and the propellant grains and an improved flexible rocket nozzle joint.
621:
is 7.5 meters tall and weighs 26 tonnes, of which 24 tonnes consist of solid propellant. It has a nominal burn time of 103 seconds with combustion chamber pressure of 95
1008:
2265:
543:
occurred shortly after the planned ignition during the FalconEye 1 mission on 11 July 2019 which resulted in the loss of the satellite and a mission failure. The
551:
achieved a top speed of approximately 2.17 km/s, 233 seconds into flight. The rocket then deviated below its planned ascent trajectory before falling into the
1083:
2260:
530:
was test fired twice on 26 June 2006 and 27 March 2008 at Salto di Quirra. Both tests were successful and the motor qualified for use on Vega.
787:
1114:
728:
506:. The test was a complete success. After a critical design review based on the completed first test firings, the second test-firing of the
25:
2380:
583:
494:
The first engine completed was Zefiro 9, the third stage engine. The first test firing was carried out on 20 December 2005, at the
1779:
597:
2255:
2250:
2245:
1869:
1015:
973:
1076:
2456:
2400:
1734:
1453:
1415:
835:
562:
A failure of a Zefiro-40 second stage occurred on 20 December 2022, reported as under-pressure issues at launch.
1795:
1124:
641:
is used as second stage of Vega-C and is intended to be used with the Vega-E. In comparison to its predecessor
1061:
2136:
1362:
1355:
1215:
1069:
418:
2451:
2220:
2089:
1859:
1849:
1540:
1522:
2410:
2405:
2355:
2275:
2099:
1874:
1824:
1762:
1210:
951:
429:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2350:
1784:
1096:
608:
579:
452:
231:
2385:
2205:
1905:
1775:
1460:
1100:
556:
448:
2200:
670:
662:
732:
536:
first test occurred on 8 March 2018 also at Salto di Quirra with a successful 92 seconds burn.
2280:
2330:
2310:
1429:
1422:
703:
612:
600:
575:
383:
300:
202:
757:
1729:
1147:
495:
907:
1704:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1298:
1135:
1103:
988:
552:
31:
1043:
447:
cket, conceived when this motor was intended to be used as first and second stages of
2445:
1709:
1493:
1409:
1335:
1154:
1092:
680:
548:
499:
483:
432:
421:
73:
929:
893:
879:
857:
809:
519:, was successfully tested. On 28 April 2009, the final qualification test firing of
675:
1799:
1766:
1699:
1694:
1689:
604:
652:
632:
622:
1834:
993:
523:
took place at the Salto di Quirra
Interforce Test Range in Sardinia, Italy.
456:
223:
2295:
2290:
2210:
2195:
2180:
1884:
1588:
503:
460:
2425:* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations
2390:
2215:
2190:
2185:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1854:
1630:
1593:
1583:
1578:
1552:
1441:
1328:
1273:
1267:
858:"ESA: Anomalous behaviour affects firing test of Vega's Zefiro 9 motor"
780:"Italian "Demetra" conference: aerospace sector, satellite monitoring"
2345:
2079:
2074:
2043:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1894:
1844:
1719:
1663:
1656:
1640:
1624:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1533:
1527:
1517:
1393:
1386:
1225:
1176:
894:"Successful second test for Vega's Zefiro 9A solid-fuel rocket motor"
880:"Successful first test for Vega's Zefiro 9-A solid-fuel rocket motor"
475:
67:
2395:
2335:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2110:
2104:
2048:
2037:
2027:
1977:
1829:
1819:
1771:
1739:
1724:
1714:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1511:
1505:
1379:
1373:
1368:
1348:
1313:
1308:
1285:
1262:
1230:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1171:
1166:
53:
515:
with a modified nozzle design and increased propellant load, the
2032:
2022:
1814:
1650:
1489:
1404:
1303:
1292:
1251:
1245:
1240:
1205:
783:
425:
235:
227:
43:
1065:
547:
was supposed to fire for 77 seconds. Telemetry data showed the
2325:
2320:
2315:
2305:
813:
574:
models is HTPB 1912 with a nominal composition of 19% of
243:
Second stage (Vega C / Vega E) – Zefiro 40
810:"ESA: Successful first test for Vega's Zefiro 9 engine"
974:"UAE military satellite lost in Vega launch failure"
930:"Successful qualification firing test for Zefiro 23"
2135:
2064:
1761:
1754:
1485:
1476:
1324:
1143:
1134:
1123:
400:
392:
382:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
325:
317:
309:
299:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
242:
219:
211:
201:
189:
181:
173:
165:
157:
149:
144:
132:
124:
116:
106:
98:
90:
85:
59:
49:
39:
326:Third stage (Vega / Vega C) – Zefiro 9
908:"ESA: Vega's second stage motor roars to life"
635:, consumed in slightly more than 110 seconds.
1077:
366:10.5 tonnes (10.3 long tons; 11.6 short tons)
358:11.4 tonnes (11.2 long tons; 12.6 short tons)
8:
18:
435:. The name Zefiro derives from the acronym
1758:
1482:
1140:
1131:
1084:
1070:
1062:
1038:
1036:
24:
17:
836:"ESA: Vega Critical Design Review begins"
723:
721:
698:
696:
752:
750:
1009:"Green solid propellants for launchers"
692:
7:
1115:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
455:(ASI). The name also references the
404:Aluminium–HTPB / AP (HTPB 1912 APCP)
321:Aluminium–HTPB / AP (HTPB 1912 APCP)
952:"Zefiro 40(Z40) engine bench test"
251:7.6 m (24 ft 11 in)
14:
584:hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
153:7.5 m (24 ft 7 in)
2126:
987:Foust, Jeff (21 December 2022).
655:
342:1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in)
259:2.3 m (7 ft 7 in)
161:1.9 m (6 ft 3 in)
989:"Vega C fails on second launch"
976:. spaceflightnow. 11 July 2019.
611:joint and an electromechanical
498:Inter-force Test Range, on the
374:314 kilonewtons (71,000 lb
145:Second stage (Vega) – Zefiro 23
291:1,304 kN (293,000 lb
193:1,122 kN (252,000 lb
1:
1911:RD-0202 to 0206, 0208 to 0213
482:, which powered the original
350:906 kilograms (1,997 lb)
267:3,006 kg (6,627 lb)
169:1,935 kg (4,266 lb)
729:"VEGA: 2° stage – Z40 Motor"
704:"VEGA: 2° stage – Zefiro 23"
613:thrust vector control system
486:is no longer in production.
283:36.2 t (80,000 lb)
275:39.2 t (86,000 lb)
177:25.9 t (57,000 lb)
758:"VEGA: 3° stage – Zefiro 9"
2473:
185:24 t (53,000 lb)
2421:
2124:
1110:
408:
140:
30:Nozzle of the Zefiro 23,
23:
1956:RD-250 to 252, 261, 262
882:. ESA. 24 October 2008.
838:. ESA. 22 December 2006
557:Centre Spatial Guyanais
466:As of 2024, two models
334:3.9 metres (13 ft)
731:. Avio. Archived from
570:The propellant of all
2432:are under development
1820:YF-20, 21, 22, 24, 25
1599:RD-107, 108, 117, 118
896:. ESA. 30 April 2009.
430:European Space Agency
954:. Avio. 8 March 2019
932:. ESA. 31 March 2008
860:. ESA. 29 March 2007
603:case, a low density
580:ammonium perchlorate
553:Atlantic Ocean north
453:Italian Space Agency
1921:RD-0216, 0217, 0235
1584:RD-0107, 0108, 0110
910:. ESA. 26 June 2006
790:on 27 February 2015
502:coast in southeast
20:
2457:Solid-fuel rockets
816:. 21 December 2005
671:P80 (rocket stage)
663:Spaceflight portal
474:are in use on the
459:of the west wind,
2439:
2438:
2381:Space Shuttle SRB
2122:
2121:
2060:
2059:
1750:
1749:
1472:
1471:
539:A failure of the
412:
411:
50:Country of origin
2464:
2130:
2129:
1966:RD-263, 268, 273
1897:along other LREs
1759:
1619:RD-191, 151, 181
1483:
1141:
1132:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1021:on 7 August 2018
1020:
1014:. Archived from
1013:
1005:
999:
998:
984:
978:
977:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
904:
898:
897:
890:
884:
883:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
786:. Archived from
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
754:
745:
744:
742:
740:
735:on 15 March 2018
725:
716:
715:
713:
711:
700:
665:
660:
659:
658:
576:aluminium powder
428:and used on the
384:Specific impulse
301:Specific impulse
203:Specific impulse
128:13 February 2012
28:
21:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2417:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2056:
1946:RD-0255 to 0257
1941:RD-0243 to 0245
1803:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1770:
1746:
1487:
1478:
1468:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1151:
1145:
1126:
1119:
1106:
1104:launch vehicles
1090:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:
986:
985:
981:
972:
971:
967:
957:
955:
950:
949:
945:
935:
933:
928:
927:
923:
913:
911:
906:
905:
901:
892:
891:
887:
878:
877:
873:
863:
861:
856:
855:
851:
841:
839:
834:
833:
829:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
793:
791:
778:
777:
773:
763:
761:
756:
755:
748:
738:
736:
727:
726:
719:
709:
707:
702:
701:
694:
689:
661:
656:
654:
651:
605:EPDM insulation
568:
496:Salto di Quirra
492:
451:program of the
417:is a family of
377:
363:Propellant mass
294:
280:Propellant mass
196:
182:Propellant mass
108:
81:
35:
12:
11:
5:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1790:
1786:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:LR70-NA , S-3D
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1499:
1497:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1341:
1339:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1138:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1093:Rocket engines
1091:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1032:
1000:
979:
965:
943:
921:
899:
885:
871:
849:
827:
801:
771:
746:
717:
691:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
678:
673:
667:
666:
650:
647:
601:filament wound
567:
564:
491:
488:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
398:
397:
394:
390:
389:
386:
380:
379:
375:
372:
371:Maximum thrust
368:
367:
364:
360:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
344:
343:
340:
336:
335:
332:
328:
327:
323:
322:
319:
315:
314:
311:
307:
306:
303:
297:
296:
292:
289:
288:Maximum thrust
285:
284:
281:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
240:
239:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
199:
198:
194:
191:
190:Maximum thrust
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
110:
104:
103:
100:
99:Total launches
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
86:Launch history
83:
82:
80:
79:
78:Future: Vega E
76:
70:
63:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
41:
37:
36:
32:Paris Air Show
29:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2469:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:Rocket stages
2450:
2449:
2447:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:RD-211 to 214
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:RD-215 to 219
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:RD-0233, 0234
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:RD-0207, 0214
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1895:Paektusan LRE
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
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1263:KVD-1 (RD-56)
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681:Vega (rocket)
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422:rocket motors
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395:
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388:295.2 seconds
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1970:
1891:North Korea
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1193:
1186:
1097:solid motors
1048:. Retrieved
1023:. Retrieved
1016:the original
1003:
992:
982:
968:
956:. Retrieved
946:
934:. Retrieved
924:
912:. Retrieved
902:
888:
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862:. Retrieved
852:
840:. Retrieved
830:
818:. Retrieved
804:
792:. Retrieved
788:the original
774:
762:. Retrieved
737:. Retrieved
733:the original
708:. Retrieved
676:Solid rocket
642:
638:
637:
628:
627:
618:
617:
598:carbon epoxy
593:
589:
588:
582:with 12% of
571:
569:
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479:
478:rocket. The
471:
467:
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444:
440:
436:
414:
413:
313:92.9 seconds
136:11 July 2019
125:First flight
109:(stage only)
40:Manufacturer
15:
2428:Engines in
2075:RD-109, 119
2013:RD-864, 869
1998:RD-854, 861
1961:RD-253, 275
1609:RD-170, 171
1046:(in German)
549:Vega rocket
433:Vega rocket
234:(HTPB 1912
215:103 seconds
133:Last flight
2446:Categories
1815:YF-1, 2, 3
1763:Hypergolic
1735:Rutherford
1454:Prometheus
1416:Archimedes
1044:"Die Vega"
687:References
443:rst stage
419:solid-fuel
401:Propellant
355:Gross mass
347:Empty mass
318:Propellant
272:Gross mass
264:Empty mass
220:Propellant
174:Gross mass
166:Empty mass
2356:Castor 30
2236:Zefiro 40
2231:Zefiro 23
2172:SpaB-140C
1569:NK-33, 44
1479:cryogenic
1325:Methalox
1144:Hydrolox
1136:Cryogenic
994:SpaceNews
643:Zefiro 23
639:Zefiro 40
629:Zefiro 9A
619:Zefiro 23
594:Zefiro 9A
590:Zefiro 23
578:, 69% of
545:Zefiro 23
541:Zefiro 23
534:Zefiro 40
528:Zefiro 23
521:Zefiro 9A
517:Zefiro 9A
480:Zefiro 23
468:Zefiro 40
457:Greek god
449:San Marco
393:Burn time
310:Burn time
224:Aluminium
212:Burn time
107:Successes
72:Retired:
66:Current:
2371:Orbus-21
2226:Zefiro 9
1989:Ukraine
1767:Aerozine
1755:Storable
1647:Ukraine
1589:RD-0110R
1486:Kerolox
1050:14 April
1025:16 March
958:14 April
936:14 April
914:14 April
864:14 April
842:14 April
820:14 April
794:14 April
764:14 April
739:14 April
710:14 April
649:See also
586:binder.
566:Overview
513:Zefiro 9
508:Zefiro 9
504:Sardinia
472:Zefiro 9
461:Zephyrus
339:Diameter
256:Diameter
158:Diameter
2430:italics
2391:Star 48
2386:Star 37
2366:Orbus-6
2287:Israel
2221:Waxwing
2177:Europe
2169:SpaB-65
2071:Russia
1936:RD-0237
1931:RD-0236
1902:Russia
1881:Israel
1841:Europe
1685:Kestrel
1631:S1.5400
1594:RD-0124
1560:Russia
1553:SCE-200
1449:Europe
1442:RD-0169
1437:Russia
1363:Longyun
1356:Lingyun
1274:RD-0146
1268:RD-0120
1259:Russia
1216:Vulcain
1202:Europe
1125:Liquid
1101:orbital
555:of the
490:History
60:Used on
2346:AJ-60A
2311:KM-V2b
2302:Japan
2276:Salman
2242:India
2216:Topaze
2181:Mage 1
2146:China
2137:Solid
2044:TR-201
2008:RD-856
2003:RD-855
1993:RD-843
1983:S5.98M
1972:RD-270
1866:India
1860:Viking
1850:Astris
1845:Aestus
1835:YF-50D
1811:China
1720:RS-27A
1710:Merlin
1700:LR-105
1664:RD-810
1657:RD-801
1641:TEPREL
1637:Spain
1625:RD-193
1614:RD-180
1604:RD-120
1548:India
1541:Welkin
1534:YF-130
1528:YF-115
1523:YF-102
1518:YF-100
1502:China
1430:Aeon R
1423:Aeon 1
1410:Raptor
1394:YF-215
1387:YF-209
1380:TQ-15A
1344:China
1237:Japan
1226:CE-7.5
1222:India
1177:YF-75D
1163:China
760:. Avio
706:. Avio
572:Zefiro
476:Vega C
415:Zefiro
331:Height
248:Height
150:Height
117:Failed
94:Active
91:Status
68:Vega C
19:Zefiro
2411:X-254
2406:X-248
2396:UA120
2376:Orion
2351:Algol
2336:SRB-A
2331:M-34c
2306:KM-V1
2296:RSA-3
2272:Iran
2165:FG-47
2160:FG-46
2155:FG-36
2150:FG-02
2111:XLR81
2105:RS-88
2100:Curie
2090:Gamma
2065:Other
2049:XLR81
2038:RS-88
2033:LR-91
2028:LR-87
1978:S5.92
1906:17D61
1875:Vikas
1855:Vexin
1830:YF-40
1825:YF-23
1798:, or
1778:, or
1772:UH 25
1740:XLR50
1725:RS-56
1715:RS-27
1695:LR-89
1690:LR-79
1574:RD-58
1564:NK-15
1512:TH-12
1506:TH-11
1477:Semi-
1374:TQ-12
1369:TQ-11
1349:BF-20
1314:RS-68
1309:RS-25
1286:BE-3U
1231:CE-20
1211:Vinci
1195:YF-90
1188:YF-79
1182:YF-77
1172:YF-75
1167:YF-73
1019:(PDF)
1012:(PDF)
54:Italy
2401:SRMU
2342:USA
2326:M-34
2321:M-24
2316:M-14
2291:LK-1
2281:Rafe
2266:S200
2261:S139
2211:P230
2206:P120
2139:fuel
2096:USA
2023:AJ10
2019:USA
1885:LK-4
1780:UDMH
1730:S-3D
1671:USA
1651:RD-8
1490:RP-1
1461:M-10
1405:BE-4
1401:USA
1304:RL10
1293:BE-7
1281:USA
1252:LE-9
1246:LE-7
1241:LE-5
1206:HM7B
1127:fuel
1099:for
1095:and
1052:2019
1027:2018
960:2019
938:2019
916:2019
866:2019
844:2019
822:2019
796:2019
784:Avio
766:2019
741:2019
712:2019
633:bars
623:bars
592:and
526:The
484:Vega
470:and
426:Avio
236:APCP
228:HTPB
74:Vega
44:Avio
34:2015
2361:GEM
2256:S12
2201:P80
2196:PAP
2191:P-6
2186:P-4
2086:UK
1870:PS4
1800:HNO
1796:MON
1776:MMH
1680:H-1
1675:F-1
1494:LOX
1336:LOX
1299:J-2
1155:LOX
814:ESA
615:.
439:ro
2448::
2251:S9
2246:S7
1794:,
1783:/
1774:,
1769:,
1492:/
1334:/
1329:CH
1153:/
1148:LH
1035:^
991:.
812:.
782:.
749:^
720:^
695:^
625:.
559:.
463:.
445:RO
441:FI
437:ZE
232:AP
230:/
112:21
102:23
2113:*
2107:*
2051:*
2040:*
1805:)
1802:3
1791:4
1789:O
1787:2
1785:N
1765:(
1496:)
1488:(
1338:)
1331:4
1327:(
1157:)
1150:2
1146:(
1085:e
1078:t
1071:v
1054:.
1029:.
997:.
962:.
940:.
918:.
868:.
846:.
824:.
798:.
768:.
743:.
714:.
378:)
376:f
295:)
293:f
238:)
226:–
197:)
195:f
120:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
