218:
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239:
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725:
737:
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had to cede the mantle of standard large-diameter lens to the Gauss-type lens. Thus, as the single-lens reflex camera grew in popularity, the Gauss-type lens became the standard large-diameter lens, while the Sonnar-type lens found its niche as a large-diameter telephoto lens, a role for which its short overall length proved advantageous.
42:
1416:
The only lenses that could be diverted as-is to use for F-mount cameras were those with a focal length greater than that of the 13.5cm f/3.5. Back focus on the 8.5cm was lacking remarkably, so designers gave up on any thoughts of diversion to the F mount. However, if 10.5cm f/2.5 back focus could be
581:
1:5.6 250 mm for 9×12 cm (4×5") format. Though these lenses were quite heavy (> 2 kg) and large, they were optimised for working on a full aperture with the same sharpness and contrast as on smaller apertures. The coverage of these lenses was also not as good as many similar focal
1075:
With the emergence of the single-lens reflex camera, the rivalry between the Sonnar-type lens and the Gauss-type lens was finally resolved. As an asymmetrical optical system, the Sonnar-type lens simply could not ensure the back focus necessary for the operation of a quick-return mirror, and thus
964:
904:
945:
1043:
866:
885:
983:
923:
1417:
increased by 1-1.5mm, it could be converted to the F mount. By reducing the thickness of the last lens element by 1.0mm, Wakimoto was able to preserve back focus and release the 10.5cm f/2.5 for F-mount cameras.
1188:
1163:
1138:
1113:
1263:
1238:
1213:
193:
When the modern Zeiss lens was designed by
Bertele, Zeiss re-used the old Nettel tradename in order to build on the sun association to emphasize on the lens' large aperture (
217:
349:
324:
253:
238:
303:
278:
523:(SLRs) due to the space taken up by an SLR's mirror. For this reason it has been used most commonly in the portrait lens class, starting with the "Olympia"
836:
538:
film cameras, the portrait lens focal lengths span the range approximately from 85 to 180 mm (1.5–4× the "normal lens" focal length).
386:
and patented in 1893, was modified in 1916 by
Charles C. Minor, who added a positive meniscus element to increase the maximum aperture to
1470:
1022:
582:
length lenses which limited the use of camera movements, although movements are not generally too important for portrait work.
589:
design has been extensively copied by other lens manufacturers, due to its excellent sharpness, low production cost and fast
422:
patent. In 1926, the
Ernemann Company was acquired by Zeiss-Ikon and Bertele continued developing his designs under Zeiss.
619:
1:1.5 50 mm, 1:2.0 50 mm, and 1:2.0 85 mm, respectively. Some early rangefinder lenses manufactured by
844:
554:
portrait lenses also are supplied for larger cameras, most notably the 150 mm and 250 mm lenses for the
520:
511:
for rangefinder cameras with a focal length of 35 mm, was derived by
Bertele in 1934 from the improved 1932
804:
471:, but with fewer glass-to-air surfaces it had better contrast and less flare. Though compared to the earlier
542:
portrait lenses have been released for the 35mm format for both SLR cameras and rangefinders, such as the
161:
1475:
132:
121:
1038:
978:
959:
918:
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940:
880:
861:
555:
478:
383:
229:
172:
594:
528:
468:
166:
137:
787:
702:
also exists, in which a number of lens groups are replaced with floating pairs of lens groups.
1018:
775:
709:
93:
864:, "Photographisches Objektiv", published August 29, 1931, assigned to Zeiss Ikon
126:
1008:
724:
606:
501:
design has been extended to longer and shorter focal lengths. For example, the first Zeiss
508:
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1342:
1315:
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394:
365:
340:
294:
269:
177:
97:
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706:
683:
437:
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224:
101:
943:, Ludwig Bertele, "Photographisches Objektiv", published April 13, 1928
765:
713:
699:
570:
566:
494:
472:
458:
157:
153:
902:, Charles Minor, "Photographic Objective", published November 30, 1920
17:
1289:
1041:, Ludwig Bertele, "Photographic Lens System", published June 22, 1937
1454:
962:, Ludwig Bertele, "Photographic Objective", published April 23, 1935
816:
490:
682:(1946); the 10.5 and 13.5 cm lenses later were slightly modified for the
590:
558:
379:
187:
105:
712:
design named in relation to the Zeiss Sonnar. This lens type has a variable
837:"Nikon | Imaging Products | Nikkor -- The Thousand and One Nights, Glossary"
695:
418:, but this was later simplified to two positive elements in the 1924 German
183:
792:
736:
414:
used two cemented doublets in lieu of the two positive elements in Minor's
921:, Ludwig Bertele, "Photographic Lens", published May 11, 1926
780:
547:
535:
440:
883:, Harold Dennis Taylor, "Lens", published September 22, 1896
436:
50 mm lens with six elements in three groups and released with the
200:), which was much greater than many other lenses available at the time.
799:
117:
770:
760:
755:
574:
503:
149:
981:, Ludwig Bertele, "Objective", published October 2, 1934
447:
with seven elements in three groups, allowing a maximum aperture of
410:
lens, which was released in 1919 with the
Ermanox camera. Bertele's
104:. It was notable for its relatively light weight, simple design and
716:
which can replace a series of lenses for a certain picture format.
620:
41:
28:
1264:"Sonnar T* f/5.6 — 250 mm, Cat. No. 101026 for Hasselblad"
443:
rangefinder camera in 1932. In 1931, Bertele reformulated the
1239:"Sonnar T* f/4 — 150 mm, Cat. No. 101025 for Hasselblad"
1290:"Large format lenses from Carl Zeiss Oberkochen 1950-1972"
527:
of 1936, built as a 2.8/180 mm lens for the Contax
120:", meaning sun. It was originally a tradename owned by
116:
The name "Sonnar" is derived from the German word "
72:
64:
56:
48:
497:approximately the same as the frame diagonal, the
186:was one of the companies that merged to form the
156:includes a symbol of the sun. Nettel merged with
27:"Sonnar" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1393:
1391:
730:A Sonnar 135 mm f/3.5 from Carl Zeiss Jena
742:Zeiss Sonnar 135 mm f/2.8 telephoto lens.
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
8:
34:
935:
933:
856:
854:
569:cameras, typically found on technical and
40:
1189:"Sonnar T* 2.8/180, Contax/Yashica mount"
1164:"Sonnar T* 2.8/135, Contax/Yashica mount"
1139:"Sonnar T* 3.5/100, Contax/Yashica mount"
1089:"180/2.8 Zeiss Olympia Sonnar for Contax"
1017:. San Diego, California: Academic Press.
1114:"Sonnar T* 2.8/85, Contax/Yashica mount"
828:
207:
597:produced several lenses that used the
477:design, its faster aperture and lower
33:
7:
1435:NIKKOR - The Thousand and One Nights
1404:NIKKOR - The Thousand and One Nights
1374:NIKKOR - The Thousand and One Nights
1347:NIKKOR - The Thousand and One Nights
1320:NIKKOR - The Thousand and One Nights
1063:NIKKOR - The Thousand and One Nights
400:. In parallel, Bertele designed the
1059:"Nikkor-S Auto 5.8cm F1.4 (No.40)"
1014:A History of the Photographic Lens
593:. For example, the Soviet factory
489:Although initially developed as a
318:(Zeiss Ikon, 1929, per DE 530,843)
25:
1457:Sonnar Lens Types for Leica mount
1400:"NIKKOR-P·C 10.5cm f/2.5 (No.45)"
1343:"NIKKOR-S·C 8.5cm f/1.5 (No.19)"
735:
723:
348:
323:
302:
277:
252:
237:
216:
1431:"NIKKOR-Q·C 13.5cm f/4 (No.43)"
1288:Cröll, Arne (October 4, 2019).
615:are direct copies of the Zeiss
481:was a significant improvement.
247:(Minor, 1916, per US 1,360,667)
698:derivative of the Sonnar, the
1:
1370:"NIKKOR-P·C 8.5cm F2 (No.36)"
519:design is incompatible with
393:, which was marketed as the
1455:Antique and Classic Cameras
1316:"NIKKOR-H·C 5cm F2 (No.34)"
96:originally designed by Dr.
1492:
565:lenses also were made for
521:Single-lens reflex cameras
485:Applications and influence
429:, patented in 1929, was a
26:
1471:Photographic lens designs
368:, 1932, per US 1,975,678)
343:, 1931, per US 1,998,704)
272:, 1923, per US 1,584,271)
212:antecedents and evolution
39:
805:Photographic lens design
561:V-system. Some portrait
297:, 1924, per DRP 458,499)
100:in 1929 and patented by
232:, 1893, per US 568,052)
171:in 1919. The resulting
152:-like lens. Sontheim's
705:The Vario-Sonnar is a
627:design, including the
68:7 elements in 3 groups
817:Vario-Sonnar diagram
479:chromatic aberration
162:Contessa Camerawerke
690:Modern developments
529:rangefinder cameras
36:
1368:Ohshita, Kouichi.
1314:Ohshita, Kouichi.
1214:"Sonnar T* 2.8/90"
1093:Pacific Rim Camera
1057:Ohshita, Kouichi.
133:Sontheim am Neckar
122:Nettel Camerawerke
49:Introduced in
18:Zeiss Vario-Sonnar
1009:Kingslake, Rudolf
841:imaging.nikon.com
710:photographic lens
601:formula: The KMZ
94:photographic lens
86:
85:
16:(Redirected from
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843:. Archived from
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425:The first Zeiss
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1437:. Nikon Imaging
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1406:. Nikon Imaging
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1376:. Nikon Imaging
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1349:. Nikon Imaging
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1322:. Nikon Imaging
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1269:. Carl Zeiss AG
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1244:. Carl Zeiss AG
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1219:. Carl Zeiss AG
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1194:. Carl Zeiss AG
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1169:. Carl Zeiss AG
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1144:. Carl Zeiss AG
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1119:. Carl Zeiss AG
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1065:. Nikon Imaging
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515:. However, the
509:wide-angle lens
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173:Contessa-Nettel
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847:on 2008-04-11.
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811:External links
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546:T* 2.8/90 for
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689:
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686:SLR cameras.
685:
684:Nikon F mount
675:13.5 cm
674:
664:10.5 cm
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384:Dennis Taylor
381:
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376:Cooke triplet
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225:Cooke triplet
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106:fast aperture
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1476:Zeiss lenses
1439:. Retrieved
1434:
1424:
1415:
1408:. Retrieved
1403:
1378:. Retrieved
1373:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1346:
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1324:. Retrieved
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1297:. Retrieved
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1271:. Retrieved
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1246:. Retrieved
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1221:. Retrieved
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1196:. Retrieved
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1171:. Retrieved
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1121:. Retrieved
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1096:. Retrieved
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1083:
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1067:. Retrieved
1062:
1052:
1033:
1013:
973:
954:
913:
894:
875:
845:the original
840:
831:
714:focal length
704:
700:Vario-Sonnar
693:
672:
671:(1949), and
661:
653:8.5 cm
650:
642:8.5 cm
639:
628:
624:
616:
612:
607:
602:
598:
586:
584:
578:
567:large format
562:
551:
543:
539:
533:
524:
516:
512:
502:
498:
495:focal length
488:
473:
464:
463:designs the
459:
457:Compared to
456:
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426:
424:
419:
416:Ultrastigmat
415:
411:
407:
398:Ultrastigmat
397:
374:
372:
355:
330:
309:
284:
259:
245:Ultrastigmat
244:
223:
209:
192:
190:AG in 1926.
158:August Nagel
154:coat of arms
115:
89:
87:
65:Construction
35:Zeiss Sonnar
791: [
779: [
491:normal lens
469:aberrations
176: [
165: [
136: [
125: [
1465:Categories
1039:US 2084309
979:US 1975678
960:US 1998704
919:US 1584271
900:US 1360667
823:References
707:Carl Zeiss
673:Nikkor-Q·C
662:Nikkor-P·C
651:Nikkor-P·C
640:Nikkor-S·C
631:5 cm
629:Nikkor-H·C
559:Hasselblad
380:anastigmat
188:Zeiss Ikon
102:Zeiss Ikon
88:The Zeiss
941:DE 458499
881:US 568052
862:DE 530843
788:Flektogon
696:zoom lens
613:Jupiter-9
608:Jupiter-8
603:Jupiter 3
550:cameras.
467:had more
184:Stuttgart
1441:21 March
1410:21 March
1380:21 March
1353:21 March
1326:21 March
1299:21 March
1273:21 March
1248:21 March
1223:21 March
1198:21 March
1173:21 March
1148:21 March
1123:21 March
1098:21 March
1069:21 March
1011:(1989).
776:Distagon
750:See also
660:(1948),
649:(1952),
638:(1946),
577:– e.g.,
573:made by
548:Contax G
441:Contax I
420:Ernostar
412:Ernostar
408:Ernostar
395:Gundlach
285:Ernostar
260:Ernostar
73:Aperture
800:Hologon
493:with a
366:Bertele
341:Bertele
295:Bertele
270:Bertele
204:History
1295:. Self
1045:
1021:
985:
966:
947:
925:
906:
887:
868:
771:Biogon
766:Planar
761:Tessar
756:Biotar
625:Sonnar
617:Sonnar
611:, and
599:Sonnar
587:Sonnar
579:Sonnar
575:Linhof
563:Sonnar
552:Sonnar
544:Sonnar
540:Sonnar
525:Sonnar
517:Sonnar
513:Sonnar
504:Biogon
499:Sonnar
474:Tessar
465:Sonnar
460:Planar
445:Sonnar
427:Sonnar
356:Sonnar
331:Sonnar
310:Sonnar
230:Taylor
210:Sonnar
182:AG in
150:Tessar
142:for a
112:Naming
90:Sonnar
82:(1932)
57:Author
1293:(PDF)
1267:(PDF)
1242:(PDF)
1217:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1117:(PDF)
795:]
783:]
621:Nikon
591:speed
438:Zeiss
180:]
169:]
140:]
129:]
118:Sonne
92:is a
29:Sonar
1443:2023
1412:2023
1382:2023
1355:2023
1328:2023
1301:2023
1275:2023
1250:2023
1225:2023
1200:2023
1175:2023
1150:2023
1125:2023
1100:2023
1071:2023
1019:ISBN
669:/2.5
647:/1.5
585:The
536:35mm
534:For
507:, a
452:/1.5
434:/2.0
405:/2.0
391:/1.9
373:The
362:/1.5
337:/2.0
316:/2.0
291:/2.0
266:/2.0
198:/2.0
147:/4.5
80:/1.5
52:1932
605:,
595:KMZ
160:'s
131:in
1467::
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1390:^
1372:.
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992:^
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853:^
839:.
793:de
781:de
694:A
680:/4
658:/2
636:/2
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178:de
167:de
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31:.
20:)
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