677:
567:
78:
447:
579:
2970:
630:
2457:
97:
714:
531:
375:, and this electricity can come from green sources. Hydrogen can be produced in situ, e.g. excess at wind farm when the generated electricity is not needed, or it can be connected to the grid to use the excess electricity from the grid and produce electricity, e.g. at hydrogen pump stations. As a result, development of FCVs can be a big step toward sustainable development and reducing GHG emission in a long-term perspective.
2718:
278:
2749:
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36:
293:
405:(ASA) in the UK ruled in March 2010 to ban an advertisement from Renault UK regarding its "zero-emission vehicles" because the ad breached CAP (Broadcast) TV Code rules 5.1.1, 5.1.2 (Misleading advertising) and 5.2.1 (Misleading advertising- Evidence) and 5.2.6 (Misleading advertising-Environmental claims.)
352:
However, the spread of electrical-powered vehicles can help the development of systems for charging the EV batteries from excess electricity which cannot be used otherwise. For instance, electricity demand is lowest at night and the excess generated electricity at this time can be used for recharging
332:
from the onboard source of power. Therefore, CARB's definition is accounting only for pollutants emitted at the point of the vehicle operation, and the clean air benefits are usually local because depending on the source of the electricity used to recharge the batteries, air pollutant emissions are
610:
are two-wheeled, self-balancing, battery-powered machines that are eleven times more energy-efficient than the average
American car. Operating on two lithium-ion batteries, the Segway PT produces zero emissions during operation, and utilizes a negligible amount of electricity while charging via a
408:
Greenhouse gases and other pollutant emissions are generated by vehicle manufacturing processes. The emissions from manufacturing are many factors larger than the emissions from tailpipes, even in gasoline engine vehicles. Most reports on ZEVs' impact to the climate do not take into account these
371:(FCVs) can help even more in terms of the development of sustainable energy sources because these cars use hydrogen as their fuel. Compressed hydrogen can be used as an energy storage element, while electricity must be stored in batteries. The hydrogen can be produced by electricity through
260:
are thus not included in this definition, and it has been argued that the emissions that are created during manufacture are currently of an order of magnitude that is comparable to the emissions that are created during a vehicle's operating lifetime.
353:
the EVs' batteries. It's worth mentioning that renewable sources such as wind turbines or solar panels are less controllable in terms of the amount of generated electricity compared to fossil fuel power plants; most renewable energy sources are
690:
An electric aircraft is an aircraft powered by electric motors. Electricity may be supplied by a variety of methods including batteries, ground power cables, solar cells, ultracapacitors, fuel cells and power beaming. Between 2015 and 2016,
127:
or other pollutants from the onboard source of power. The
California definition also adds that this includes under any and all possible operational modes and conditions. This is because under cold-start conditions for example,
264:
However, these vehicles are in the early stages of their development; the manufacturing emissions may decrease by the development of technology, industry, shifting toward mass production and the ever-increasing use of
1374:
753:
is being driven in the direction of zero emissions due to growing environmental concern. Honda has launched a conceptual bus which features exercise machines to the rear of the vehicle to generate
349:
for ZEVs to have almost none or zero well-to-wheel emissions. In other words, if ZEVs are recharged from electricity generated by fossil fuel plants, they cannot be considered as zero emissions.
333:
shifted to the location of the electricity generation plants. In a broader perspective, the electricity used to recharge the batteries must be generated from renewable or clean sources such as
1485:
808:
incentivizes and accelerates the widespread adoption of cleaner vehicles through setting daily charge rates for driving vehicles that are non-compliant with ULEZ emission standards.
1321:
Lopes, JA Peças, PM Rocha
Almeida, and F. J. Soares. "Using vehicle-to-grid to maximize the integration of intermittent renewable energy resources in islanded electric grids."
1348:
1571:
2010:
227:, which may shift emissions to the location where the electricity is generated (if the electricity comes from coal or natural gas power plants—as opposed to hydro-electric,
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1155:
1736:
402:
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1452:
177:
1366:
1941:
1406:
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357:. Therefore, development of these resources will lead to excess energy which can be better used by development of EVs. Moreover, most EVs can benefit from
247:
243:
3029:
3003:
390:, but was blocked by lawsuits and by the EPA in 2007, by rejecting the required waiver. Additional responsibilities were granted to CARB by California's
2667:
818:
784:, the South African Department of Science & Technology (DST), as well as other private investments, have made US$ 5 million available through the
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57:
44:
1612:
1495:
1096:
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1524:
1066:
676:
1269:
1235:
1827:
1729:
882:
391:
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976: – engine, motor, process, or other energy source, that emits no waste products that pollutes the environment or disrupts the climate
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1352:
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413:
1037:
3014:
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1970:
599:
bicycle became the single most popular mechanized vehicle on the planet. Some 210 million electric bikes are on the road in China.
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tend to produce the maximum amount of pollutants. In a number of countries and states, transport is cited as the main source of
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of residents can be severely affected. However, the production of the fuels that power ZEVs, such as the production of
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1812:
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manufacturing emissions, though over the lifetime of the car the emissions from manufacturing are relatively small.
77:
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949:
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49:
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2005:
1963:
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566:
501:, may produce more emissions per mile than the emissions produced from a conventional fossil fueled vehicle. A
478:
446:
395:
251:
224:
1334:
Barton, John P., and David G. Infield. "Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy."
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2928:
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1990:
1953:
1223:
805:
200:
124:
81:
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2027:
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1807:
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1985:
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is a five-seater car, planned to be released in 2014. However the company ceased trading in 2012.
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gases during use. This is a particularly important quality in densely populated areas, where the
358:
242:, which may shift emissions to the location where the hydrogen is generated. It does not include
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1227:
1216:
96:
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1980:
1904:
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833:
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685:
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As a result of an investigation into false advertising regarding "zero-emissions" claims, the
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1958:
1909:
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967:
865:
750:
379:
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Other countries have a different definition of ZEV, noteworthy the more recent inclusion of
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266:
239:
208:
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in other countries, it has been predicted that such emissions would decrease by 40% in the
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2017:
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is necessary to understand the emissions implications associated with operating a ZEV.
417:
193:
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133:
17:
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emissions. CARB's role in regulating greenhouse gases began in 2004 based on the 2002
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1995:
1936:
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781:
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338:
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145:
104:
136:(GHG) and other pollutants. The desire to reduce this is thus politically strong.
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2080:
1794:
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934:
387:
329:
312:
232:
153:
101:
1298:"Study: Electric cars not as green as you think | Green Tech - CNET News"
645:
421:
334:
228:
85:
804:. Launched in 2019 and set to expand in 2023, the implementation of London's
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Examples of zero-emission vehicle with different power sources can include
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2115:
1007:
665:
624:
494:
89:
2361:
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254:
as these also emit exhaust gases, despite being carbon neutral overall.
180:(EPA) definitions, the most recent common use of the term also includes
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2545:
2540:
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2416:
2199:
2179:
2049:
1914:
1784:
517:
204:
120:
1486:"And Now There Is One.... Tesla Model S Declared 2013 World Green Car"
1117:
874: – Rule to reduce carbon intensity of transportation fuels (LCFS)
2320:
2070:
1092:
919:
839:
591:
In the mid-19th century, bicycle ownership became common (during the
490:
916: – U.S. classification for passenger vehicle emissions (SULEV)
485:
and boats) also do not emit any of the above pollutants, nor any CO
675:
628:
445:
429:
308:
291:
282:
276:
161:
95:
1589:
764:
may be a possibility for public transport systems of the future.
982:
649:
425:
165:
149:
2781:
2365:
1718:
1547:"Whitepaper "The Role of the Segway PT in Emissions Reduction""
2090:
1613:
Inner London Ultra Low
Emission Zone Expansion One Year Report
1175:
1173:
708:
525:
172:. Although not considered emission pollutants by the original
169:
29:
1641:
695:
completed a circumnavigation of the Earth using solar power.
144:
Harmful pollutants to the health and the environment include
1089:"Alternative & Advanced Vehicles: Pollutants and Health"
760:
Due to the stop-start nature of idling in public transport,
324:
The term zero-emissions or ZEV, as originally coined by the
1367:"Does hybrid car production waste offset hybrid benefits?"
1148:"Manufacturing a car creates as much carbon as driving it"
937: – American electric vehicle and clean energy company
1323:
Clean
Electrical Power, 2009 International Conference on
868: – Vehicle that uses hydrogen fuel for motive power
985: – Canadian electric car (Zero Emission, No Noise)
945:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
909:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
844:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
823:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
725:
542:
1087:
Alternative Fuels and
Advanced Vehicles Data Center.
830: – Former American electric vehicle manufacturer
1586:"Environmental Topics & Sustainable Development"
1397:"Electric Car Myth Buster — Well-To-Wheel Emissions"
1257:
Plug-In
Electric Vehicles: What Role for Washington?
978:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
954:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
930:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
894:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
3141:
3044:
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2399:
2313:
2281:
2208:
2172:
2124:
2048:
1880:
1850:
1793:
1770:
1752:
1181:"Calculating the real carbon footprint of vehicles"
361:and other optimization systems which increases the
246:because these do generate some emissions (although
1517:"MIT study: Hydrogen car no environmental panacea"
1215:
952: – vehicles that emit low levels of emissions
595:)—predating mass car ownership. In the 1960s, the
416:, a ZEV would produce an average 58% reduction in
640:operating on wind exist (using wind turbines and
188:), and pollutants of global significance such as
1570:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1141:
1139:
668:) exist that can propel them without emissions.
1218:Two billion cars: driving toward sustainability
1118:"Existing Coal Map - Beyond Coal - Sierra Club"
922: – Proposed personal rapid transit network
862: – Vehicle using two or more power sources
457:is a zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) declared 2013
2793:
2377:
1730:
420:emissions per mile driven. Given the current
84:cyclists, San Francisco, April 29, 2005, and
8:
1206:
1204:
1202:
307:compliant with the ZEV standard and sold in
244:hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles
184:, several toxic airborne compounds (such as
2164:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle
1036:. About.com: Hybrid Carts & Alt Fuels.
394:(AB 32), which includes the mandate to set
2800:
2786:
2778:
2384:
2370:
2362:
1737:
1723:
1715:
1656:Official California site on ZEVs and PZEVs
1553:. Archived from the original on 2012-08-30
1091:. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
768:Subsidies for development of electric cars
1034:"What is a ZEV - Zero Emissions Vehicle?"
970: – City that has no carbon footprint
851: – Environmentally friendly vehicles
819:List of electric cars currently available
2893:Environmentally healthy community design
382:, as many European rules now regulate CO
258:Emissions from the manufacturing process
76:
60:of all important aspects of the article.
995:
705:Subsidies and tax incentives by country
584:Electric bike-share bicycles in Germany
572:A rider on an electric bicycle in China
1563:
1336:IEEE transactions on energy conversion
1146:Mike Berners-Lee (23 September 2010).
1008:"Glossary of Air Pollution Terms: ZEV"
788:for the development of the Joule. The
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
7:
2736:
1611:Mayor of London (10 February 2023).
1349:"ASA Adjudication on Renault UK Ltd"
943: – Vehicle emission regulations
883:Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent
392:Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006
178:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2760:
1662:"Fueling Our Transportation Future"
1059:"Zero-Emission Vehicles | Caltrans"
885: – Measurement of fuel economy
680:A Solar Impulse 2 electric aircraft
3030:waste-water treatment technologies
1708:"Caltrans Zero emissions vehicles"
1158:from the original on 25 April 2015
836: – Electric passenger vehicle
288:is a zero emissions vehicle (ZEV).
25:
3015:agricultural wastewater treatment
1971:Electric motorcycles and scooters
1686:10.1038/scientificamerican0906-60
1430:. My Electric Car. Archived from
107:is a zero emission vehicle (ZEV).
2968:
2759:
2747:
2735:
2717:
2716:
2455:
1527:from the original on 30 May 2015
1377:from the original on 17 May 2017
1187:from the original on 31 May 2015
1124:from the original on 2 June 2014
914:Super-ultra-low-emission vehicle
800:Several cities have implemented
712:
577:
565:
529:
252:vehicles running on 100% biofuel
34:
3096:List of energy storage projects
3020:industrial wastewater treatment
2873:Environmental impact assessment
2843:Environmental impact assessment
2694:Human impact on the environment
2018:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
1660:Heywood, John B. (2006-08-16).
1409:from the original on 2019-03-31
1304:from the original on 2009-07-29
1278:from the original on 2019-03-28
1099:from the original on 2012-05-03
1069:from the original on 2021-08-25
1040:from the original on 2011-10-25
1014:from the original on 2009-04-20
842: – Subcompact electric car
436:Types of zero-emission vehicles
403:Advertising Standards Authority
48:may be too short to adequately
2602:Public transport encouragement
1900:Battery electric multiple unit
1004:California Air Resources Board
900:Partial zero-emissions vehicle
806:Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ)
745:Subsidies for public transport
442:Railway electrification system
326:California Air Resources Board
269:throughout the supply-chains.
235:or nuclear power plants); and
174:California Air Resources Board
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
2001:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
1032:Christine & Scott Gable.
963: – 2006 documentary film
907: – Public transport mode
855:Human-electric hybrid vehicle
772:In an attempt to curb carbon
2290:Who Killed the Electric Car?
2086:Common ethanol fuel mixtures
1491:International Business Times
961:Who Killed the Electric Car?
905:Personal automated transport
821: – Battery powered cars
608:Segway Personal Transporters
250:). It also does not include
240:vehicles powered by hydrogen
2878:Environmental impact design
2592:Natural resource management
2304:Revenge of the Electric Car
1895:Battery-electric locomotive
1338: 19.2 (2004): 441-448.
1214:and Deborah Gordon (2009).
796:Low and zero emission zones
633:A PlanetSolar electric boat
459:World Green Car of the Year
355:intermittent energy sources
130:internal combustion engines
3308:
3236:High-performance buildings
950:Ultra-low-emission vehicle
702:
683:
638:Wind-powered land vehicles
618:
515:
439:
182:volatile organic compounds
3231:Heat recovery ventilation
3216:Environmental remediation
2966:
2833:Climate smart agriculture
2712:
2504:Environmental engineering
2453:
2297:What Is the Electric Car?
2144:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
1746:Alternative fuel vehicles
1618:(Report). pp. 10, 27
1484:PRNewswire (2013-03-28).
1296:Palm, Erik (2009-05-01).
1262:The Brookings Institution
475:battery electric vehicles
396:low-carbon fuel standards
311:and in the U.S. (only in
300:, launched in 2008, is a
225:battery electric vehicles
3221:Glass in green buildings
3165:sustainable architecture
2809:Environmental technology
2587:Environmental technology
2536:Environmental toxicology
2531:Environmental statistics
2526:Environmental humanities
2006:Plug-in electric vehicle
1986:Gyro flywheel locomotive
1964:Battery electric vehicle
1453:"McKinsey Greater China"
941:Tier (emission standard)
928: – automobile model
872:Low-carbon fuel standard
412:Considering the current
3282:Zero-emissions vehicles
2499:Environmental economics
2422:Environmental chemistry
2226:Hybrid electric vehicle
2190:Liquid nitrogen vehicle
2185:Hybrid electric vehicle
1991:Hybrid electric vehicle
1954:Electric platform truck
1642:"DriveClean California"
1224:Oxford University Press
644:). For boats and other
330:motor vehicle emissions
328:(CARB), refers only to
320:Well-to-wheel emissions
248:being near-emissionless
18:Zero-emission transport
3287:Appropriate technology
3211:Environmental movement
2908:Sustainability science
2898:Public interest design
2823:Appropriate technology
2556:Sustainability science
2351:Zero-emissions vehicle
1867:Compressed-air vehicle
1808:Solar-powered aircraft
681:
652:and special sails (as
634:
611:standard wall outlet.
471:human-powered vehicles
462:
316:
289:
108:
93:
27:Class of motor vehicle
3292:Sustainable transport
3090:hydrogen technologies
3004:Solid waste treatment
2521:Environmental studies
2393:Environmental science
2221:Flexible-fuel vehicle
2149:Hydrogen-powered ship
2101:Flexible-fuel vehicle
1976:Electric kick scooter
1226:, New York. pp.
757:used for propulsion.
679:
632:
506:life cycle assessment
449:
440:Further information:
295:
280:
113:zero-emission vehicle
99:
80:
3261:Water heat recycling
3191:Efficient energy use
3181:Conservation biology
3118:Sustainable lighting
3054:Efficient energy use
2868:Environmental Design
2838:Environmental design
2509:Environmental health
2494:Environmental design
2489:Ecological economics
2346:Wind-powered vehicle
1930:Battery electric bus
892: – electric car
890:Optimal Energy Joule
878:Low-emission vehicle
782:South African cities
762:regenerative braking
388:Pavley Act (AB 1493)
3246:Nature conservation
3241:Land rehabilitation
3196:Energy conservation
3085:carbon-neutral fuel
2993:dispersion modeling
2678:Environment by year
2668:Research institutes
2582:Energy conservation
2407:Atmospheric science
2195:Natural gas vehicle
1678:2006SciAm.295c..60H
1666:Scientific American
1465:on 16 December 2011
1373:. 6 December 2010.
365:in these vehicles.
359:regenerative brakes
123:that does not emit
3064:Energy development
3046:Sustainable energy
3035:water purification
2999:Industrial ecology
2754:Environment portal
2637:Water purification
1862:Compressed-air car
1828:List of prototypes
802:low-emission zones
724:. You can help by
682:
635:
541:. You can help by
463:
369:Fuel cell vehicles
317:
290:
170:oxides of nitrogen
109:
94:
3269:
3268:
3106:commercialization
2775:
2774:
2597:Pollution control
2359:
2358:
2268:Electric aircraft
2134:Fuel cell vehicle
1981:Fuel cell vehicle
1905:Electric aircraft
1837:Electric aircraft
1762:Fuel cell vehicle
1523:. 10 March 2003.
1371:howstuffworks.com
1355:on April 5, 2010.
1300:. News.cnet.com.
1271:978-0-8157-0305-1
1260:(1st. ed.).
1252:David B. Sandalow
1237:978-0-19-537664-7
834:Electric rickshaw
742:
741:
686:Electric aircraft
559:
558:
522:Electric bicycles
363:energy efficiency
298:Honda FCX Clarity
209:electric bicycles
203:vehicles such as
88:electric tram on
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3299:
3206:Energy recycling
3127:electric vehicle
3101:Renewable energy
3075:alternative fuel
3025:sewage treatment
3009:Waste management
2972:
2863:Energy recycling
2858:Electric vehicle
2828:Clean technology
2802:
2795:
2788:
2779:
2763:
2762:
2751:
2739:
2738:
2720:
2719:
2642:Waste management
2632:Urban metabolism
2627:Sewage treatment
2617:Renewable energy
2459:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2363:
2159:Hydrogen vehicle
2139:Hydrogen economy
2106:Methanol economy
1959:Electric vehicle
1910:Electric bicycle
1882:Electric battery
1780:Electric bicycle
1739:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1588:. Archived from
1582:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1494:. Archived from
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1458:. Archived from
1457:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1351:. Archived from
1345:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1264:. pp. 2–5.
1248:
1242:
1241:
1221:
1212:Sperling, Daniel
1208:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1000:
979:
968:Zero-carbon city
955:
946:
931:
910:
895:
866:Hydrogen vehicle
845:
824:
751:public transport
737:
734:
716:
709:
581:
569:
554:
551:
533:
526:
380:greenhouse gases
305:hydrogen vehicle
267:renewable energy
194:greenhouse gases
134:greenhouse gases
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
21:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3226:Green computing
3201:Energy recovery
3137:
3069:Energy recovery
3059:Electrification
3040:
2986:Air pollution (
2973:
2964:
2811:
2806:
2776:
2771:
2708:
2682:
2646:
2570:
2561:Systems ecology
2460:
2451:
2412:Biogeochemistry
2395:
2390:
2360:
2355:
2336:Wave power ship
2326:Ram air turbine
2309:
2277:
2216:Bi-fuel vehicle
2204:
2168:
2120:
2044:
1884:
1876:
1853:
1852:Compressed-air
1846:
1789:
1766:
1748:
1743:
1706:
1698:
1696:
1659:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1592:on 5 March 2016
1584:
1583:
1579:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1272:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1210:
1209:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1100:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1002:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
977:
953:
944:
929:
908:
893:
843:
828:Coda Automotive
822:
814:
798:
786:Innovation Fund
778:noise pollution
770:
747:
738:
732:
729:
722:needs expansion
707:
701:
693:Solar Impulse 2
688:
674:
627:
617:
605:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
582:
574:
573:
570:
555:
549:
546:
539:needs expansion
524:
516:Main articles:
514:
488:
477:(which include
444:
438:
414:U.S. energy mix
385:
322:
275:
221:
158:carbon monoxide
142:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3305:
3303:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3132:hybrid vehicle
3129:
3123:Transportation
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2905:
2903:Sustainability
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Green building
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2848:Eco-innovation
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2704:Technogaianism
2701:
2699:Sustainability
2696:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2465:Related fields
2462:
2461:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2248:
2246:Plug-in hybrid
2243:
2238:
2236:Hybrid vehicle
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:Hydrogen train
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1949:Electric truck
1946:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1657:
1640:Rating, Smog.
1635:
1634:External links
1632:
1630:
1629:
1603:
1577:
1551:archive-it.org
1538:
1508:
1476:
1444:
1419:
1405:. 2018-02-19.
1388:
1358:
1340:
1327:
1314:
1288:
1270:
1254:, ed. (2009).
1243:
1236:
1198:
1169:
1135:
1109:
1079:
1050:
1024:
1006:(2009-03-09).
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:
980:
971:
965:
957:
947:
938:
932:
923:
917:
911:
902:
897:
886:
880:
875:
869:
863:
860:Hybrid vehicle
857:
852:
846:
837:
831:
825:
815:
813:
810:
797:
794:
769:
766:
755:kinetic energy
746:
743:
740:
739:
719:
717:
700:
697:
684:Main article:
673:
670:
616:
613:
604:
603:Motor vehicles
601:
583:
576:
575:
571:
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
557:
556:
536:
534:
513:
510:
486:
467:animal-powered
437:
434:
418:carbon dioxide
383:
321:
318:
274:
271:
220:
219:Motor vehicles
217:
213:gravity racers
201:muscle-powered
190:carbon dioxide
168:, and various
141:
138:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3304:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:New Classical
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:refurbishment
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:Sustainable (
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Green vehicle
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Ecotechnology
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2768:
2767:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2566:Urban ecology
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Windmill ship
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:Documentaries
2280:
2274:
2273:Electric boat
2271:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:Solar vehicle
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:Multiple-fuel
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:Methanol fuel
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:Solar vehicle
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Electric boat
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1872:Tesla turbine
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1842:Electric boat
1840:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:Solar vehicle
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1498:on 2013-05-24
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1434:on 2010-05-08
1433:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1402:CleanTechnica
1398:
1392:
1389:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1325:. IEEE, 2009.
1324:
1318:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
984:
981:
975:
974:Zero emission
972:
969:
966:
964:
962:
958:
951:
948:
942:
939:
936:
933:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
891:
887:
884:
881:
879:
876:
873:
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3170:New Urbanism
3142:Conservation
2934:food systems
2919:architecture
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2622:Road ecology
2575:Applications
2551:Radioecology
2514:epidemiology
2447:Soil science
2442:Oceanography
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2231:Hybrid train
2096:Ethanol fuel
2076:Butanol fuel
2061:Alcohol fuel
1996:Hybrid train
1937:Electric car
1925:Electric bus
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3186:Ecoforestry
2944:procurement
2929:development
2914:agriculture
2766:WikiProject
2612:Remediation
2427:Geosciences
2400:Main fields
2081:Biogasoline
1795:Solar power
1772:Human power
1521:EurekAlert!
935:Tesla, Inc.
776:as well as
662:turbo sails
465:Apart from
428:and 19% in
313:Los Angeles
281:The Indian
233:solar power
223:Also other
140:Terminology
125:exhaust gas
102:Nissan Leaf
3276:Categories
3155:insulation
3148:Building (
3111:transition
2954:technology
2939:industries
2729:scientists
1699:2017-06-08
1651:2017-06-08
1646:DriveClean
1557:2018-01-14
1502:2013-03-28
1438:2010-04-18
1428:"Less CO2"
1413:2019-03-31
1308:2010-04-18
1282:2010-07-24
1103:2009-04-21
1073:2021-08-25
1063:dot.ca.gov
1044:2008-04-21
1018:2009-04-21
991:References
703:See also:
699:Incentives
658:wing sails
654:rotorsails
646:watercraft
619:See also:
229:wind power
192:and other
176:(CARB) or
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3256:Recycling
2979:Pollution
2959:transport
2607:Recycling
2477:Chemistry
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2256:Solar car
2241:Multifuel
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2038:Solar bus
2033:Solar car
1823:Solar car
1818:Solar bus
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774:emissions
749:Japanese
733:June 2008
593:bike boom
550:July 2017
302:fuel cell
237:fuel cell
50:summarize
2723:Category
2687:See also
2673:Glossary
2663:Journals
2331:Vactrain
2314:See also
2126:Hydrogen
2116:Wood gas
2028:aircraft
1694:16925036
1622:26 April
1566:cite web
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1375:Archived
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1122:Archived
1097:Archived
1067:Archived
1038:Archived
1012:Archived
812:See also
666:skysails
625:Sailboat
512:Bicycles
495:hydrogen
483:aircraft
205:bicycles
90:J Church
3160:natural
3080:biofuel
3013:Water (
2988:control
2816:General
2742:Commons
2658:Degrees
2546:Physics
2541:Geodesy
2472:Biology
2417:Ecology
2200:Propane
2180:Autogas
2050:Biofuel
1915:Pedelec
1785:Pedelec
1674:Bibcode
650:regular
518:Bicycle
273:History
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840:GM EV1
615:Marine
491:health
211:, and
3150:green
2651:Lists
2482:green
1887:motor
1813:boats
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1463:(PDF)
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