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47:
424:
crossing the range, including Akhba-Tavastfin, Akhba-Bevut, Akhba-Guzun, Akhba-Surkltat, Darkh Pass, Minora, and Marda-Kishtigeh. Various elevations include 3,550 metres (11,650 ft) at Kshtut Pass, 5,600 metres (18,400 ft) at Mount
Chandara, and 4,600 metres (15,100 ft) at Mount Hazret
457:
reached the
Zarafshan Valley. The name of Lake Iskanderkul clearly originates from the name of Alexander - Iskander; however, attempts to place a connection between the lake and the campaign only exist at the level of legend. Together with the rest of Western Tajikistan, the Zarafshan Range has
408:
The highest part of the range is located between the Fan Darya and the
Kashtutu Darya and includes the Fann Mountains. The western part of the range is up to 3 kilometres (9,800 ft) and is forested. The southern slopes of the western part of the ridge belong to the drainage basin of the
401:, which is 24.75 kilometres (15.38 mi) long and is one of the longest glaciers of the Central Asia. The northern slopes of the Matcha Range are relatively smooth and descend to the Zarafshan, whereas the southern slopes sharply drop to the valley of the
436:
The geological formations in the mountains of the upper
Zarafshan Valley contain minerals such as coal, iron, gold alum and sulphur. Gold is reported from the entire course of the Fan Darya, Kashtutu Darya, and Maghian Darya.
354:
There are two other mountain ranges running in an east−west direction parallel to the
Zarafshan Range. To the north, the Zeravshan Valley runs east for approximately 250 kilometres (160 mi) from
417:. Water is precious in the region and is utilized for irrigation − an irrigation system that has developed involves 85 main canal totalling a length of 2,530 kilometres (1,570 mi).
520:. The Okrug was controlled by Russian authorities, but the authority at the local level remained with the beks. The whole Zarafshan Range was inside the okrug. On January 1, 1887
291:
The
Persian name is believed to possibly be a reference to gold found in bed of the Zarafshan River and its tributaries, which has ushered prosperity to the region from ancient times.
556:
crosses the range; another road to
Samarkand follows the Zarafshan River. The roads into secondary valleys, including the Yaghnob valley, are mostly unpaved and poorly maintained.
485:
In 1862, the
Russian Empire started to penetrate to Central Asia. By 1870, Russian troops occupied both the Zarafshan and the Yaghnob valleys, with the last operation being the
529:
1050:
1045:
851:
791:
389:, all of which flow north and are left tributaries of the Zarafshan. The part of the Zarafshan Range east of the Fan Darya is known as the
524:
was established, with the administrative center in
Samarkand. In 1924, Samarkand Oblast was abolished and split between newly established
91:
208:
950:
490:
593:
588:
525:
471:
339:, where it continues at decreasing elevations (1,500–2,000 metres (4,900–6,600 ft)) along the internal border between
478:. The Zarafshan, Yaghnob, and Fan Darya valleys were essentially controlled by local authorities (beks). The fortress of
506:
84:
497:
under control. After 1870, military topographers started to map the mountains, including the
Zarafshan Range. In 1870,
513:
498:
331:, reaching the highest point of 5,489 metres (18,009 ft) (Chimtarga Peak) in its central part. South-west of
31:
446:
449:
are preserved in the Uzbek portion of the range. In about 400 BC, they belonged to the Iranian civilization of
414:
312:
692:
486:
579:
The Fann Mountains, and, to lesser extent, the Matcha Mountains are popular among mountaineers and hikers.
624:
398:
386:
382:
454:
307:
814:
390:
1004:
517:
475:
459:
344:
323:
The range extends over 370 kilometres (230 mi) in an east−west direction along the south of
1025:
870:
966:
540:
All valleys of the range are populated. There are no towns in the range; the closest towns are
946:
940:
902:
847:
841:
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463:
410:
393:. It has heights around 5 kilometres (16,000 ft) and in the east, it is connected to the
479:
783:
714:
707:
639:
521:
413:, which rises in the range's southern watershed. The river terminates between Panjakent and
340:
170:
568:
359:
285:
925:
808:
505:
discovered the Zarafshan Glacier and investigated the upper part of the valley. In 1892,
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371:
281:
265:
241:
185:
155:
1039:
776:
421:
402:
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and the Turkestan Range. This point (the Matcha Mountains) is the location of the
921:
Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan, Khokand, Bukhara, and Kuldja
532:, corresponding to the contemporary division between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
377:
The Zarafshan Range is crossed in the meridional direction by three rivers: the
367:
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17:
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328:
316:
277:
273:
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Sultan. Fan Darya makes a gorge going across the ridge. The road connecting
378:
355:
348:
332:
998:
549:
467:
450:
445:
The slopes of the range have been populated since antiquity. Prehistoric
426:
553:
430:
74:
843:
Arsenic Contamination in the World: An International Sourcebook 2012
306:
298:
52:
370:, the Zarafshan Range and the Gissar Range are connected by the
810:
Russian Central Asia: Including Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva and Merv
489:
in the spring of 1870, under the command of the Major General
501:
lead an expedition to the Zarafshan Valley, and in 1880,
347:
provinces, until it blends into the desert south-west of
918:
Eugene Schuyler; Vasilīĭ Vasilʹevich Grigorʹev (1877).
813:. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington. pp.
697:
366:
runs parallel to the Zarafshan Range. To the west of
907:(Public domain ed.). J. Murray. pp. 213–.
901:Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) (1886).
656:
629:
280:mountains. Almost all of the range belongs to the
240:
232:
196:
140:
135:
127:
122:
83:
73:
65:
60:
39:
775:
453:. In 330 BC, during the Asian Campaign, troops of
971:(in Russian). Tajikistan Development Gateway Team
493:. During the expedition, Russian troops took the
482:was built to protect the gorge of the Fan Darya.
470:. In the 13th century, it was taken over by the
458:changed hands several times, being part of the
924:. Scribner, Armstrong & Company. pp.
474:, and in the 16th century, became part of the
896:
894:
892:
890:
828:Atlas of the Soviet Republics of Central Asia
722:
717:
685:
162:
8:
769:
767:
765:
763:
374:, which is the highest part of both ranges.
728:
358:and separates the Zarafshan Range from the
177:
147:
27:Mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
530:Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
36:
311:View from the Takhta-Karacha Pass on the
559:Most of the population of the range are
945:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 145–.
782:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
759:
605:
335:the range crosses from Tajikistan into
215:
131:230 mi (370 km) East–West
992:
990:
988:
986:
640:[qɐtʰɔɾ(ˈ)kʰɵ(ˈhɔ)jɪzɐɾɐfˈʃɔn]
51:Part of the Zarafshan Range seen from
865:
863:
706:
665:
638:
7:
718:
840:Murcott, Susan (1 November 2012).
708:[zʲɪrɐfˈʂanskʲɪjxrʲɪˈbʲet]
25:
846:. IWA Publishing. pp. 164–.
774:Soucek, Svat (17 February 2000).
509:investigated the Yaghnob valley.
214:
207:
45:
594:List of mountains of Uzbekistan
589:List of mountains in Tajikistan
526:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
1:
1051:Mountain ranges of Uzbekistan
1046:Mountain ranges of Tajikistan
667:[zæɾæɸˈʃɒntʰɪzmæˈsɪ̆]
79:5,489 m (18,009 ft)
875:(in Russian). A.S.T. Company
830:(in Russian), Moscow (1988).
1021:Владимир Леонтьевич Комаров
723:
698:
657:
630:
1067:
1018:Гвоздецкий, Н. А. (1953).
32:Zarafshan (disambiguation)
29:
997:Пагануцци, Н. В. (1968).
686:
649:
631:Qatorko‘h(ho)yi Zarafshon
619:
447:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
236:Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
201:
163:
148:
44:
1020:
999:
967:
939:Eugene Schuyler (1966).
871:
563:. The population of the
807:Henry Lansdell (1885).
778:A History of Inner Asia
548:. A major road between
433:is built in the ridge.
1024:(in Russian). Moscow:
1003:(in Russian). Moscow:
620:Қаторкӯҳ(ҳо)и Зарафшон
487:Iskanderkul Expedition
320:
315:between Samarkand and
304:
223:Location in Tajikistan
178:
310:
302:
295:Geography and geology
1000:Фанские горы и Ягноб
904:Supplementary Papers
362:. To the south, the
149:Қаторкӯҳҳои Зарафшон
30:For other uses, see
699:Zeravšanskij hrebet
687:Зеравшанский хребет
516:was split from the
455:Alexander the Great
345:Kashkadarya Regions
303:The Zarafshan River
164:Зеравшанский хребет
103: /
1005:Fizkultura i sport
518:Emirate of Bukhara
476:Khanate of Bukhara
460:Hephthalite Empire
420:There are several
321:
305:
61:Highest point
853:978-1-78040-038-9
793:978-0-521-65704-4
696:
658:Zarafshon tizmasi
655:
628:
491:Alexander Abramov
464:Umayyad Caliphate
399:Zarafshan Glacier
254:
253:
107:39.333°N 69.667°E
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522:Samarkand Oblast
507:Vladimir Komarov
499:Alexey Fedchenko
368:Lake Iskanderkul
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514:Zarafshan Okrug
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360:Turkestan Range
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286:Zarafshan River
282:drainage basins
262:Zeravshan Range
260:, formerly the
258:Zarafshan Range
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18:Zeravshan Range
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565:Yaghnob Valley
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503:Ivan Mushketov
495:Yaghnob Valley
468:Samanid Empire
442:
439:
387:Maghian Darrya
383:Kashtutu Darya
372:Fann Mountains
296:
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276:, part of the
266:mountain range
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112:39.333; 69.667
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69:Chimtarga Peak
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403:Yaghnob River
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973:. Retrieved
968:Искандеркуль
961:
941:
934:
920:
913:
903:
877:. Retrieved
872:Гиссаро-Алай
842:
835:
827:
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809:
802:
777:
738:Gold-Sprayer
677:
608:
578:
558:
539:
511:
484:
444:
435:
419:
415:Lake Karakul
411:Kashka Darya
407:
391:Matcha Range
376:
353:
325:Sughd Region
322:
290:
261:
257:
255:
243:Parent range
364:Hisar range
141:Native name
110: /
85:Coordinates
1040:Categories
1026:Geografgiz
754:References
536:Population
466:, and the
395:Alay Range
385:, and the
337:Uzbekistan
329:Tajikistan
317:Shahrisabz
278:Pamir-Alay
274:Uzbekistan
270:Tajikistan
249:Pamir-Alay
123:Dimensions
942:Turkistan
693:romanized
625:romanized
546:Samarkand
542:Panjakent
512:In 1868,
379:Fan Darya
356:Samarkand
349:Samarkand
341:Samarkand
333:Panjakent
233:Countries
197:Geography
179:Zarafshon
75:Elevation
724:Zarafšân
583:See also
569:Yaghnobi
567:are the
550:Dushanbe
451:Sogdiana
427:Dushanbe
732:
719:زرافشان
715:Persian
627::
575:Tourism
554:Khujand
480:Sarvoda
472:Mongols
441:History
431:Khujand
284:of the
264:, is a
171:Russian
98:69°40′E
95:39°20′N
975:28 May
949:
879:27 May
850:
790:
561:Tajiks
462:, the
422:passes
381:, the
182:
167:
152:
136:Naming
128:Length
713:From
646:Uzbek
616:Tajik
600:Notes
186:Uzbek
156:Tajik
53:Anzob
977:2013
947:ISBN
881:2013
848:ISBN
788:ISBN
729:lit.
704:IPA:
663:IPA:
636:IPA:
552:and
544:and
528:and
429:and
343:and
272:and
256:The
66:Peak
55:Pass
926:275
815:534
786:–.
327:in
313:M39
268:in
1042::
985:^
928:–.
889:^
862:^
817:–.
762:^
727:;
702:,
690:,
661:,
652:,
648::
634:,
622:,
618::
571:.
405:.
351:.
288:.
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1007:.
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955:.
883:.
856:.
796:.
784:4
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319:.
188:)
184:(
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34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
