1223:
995:(ZG 2—2nd Destroyer Wing) attached, was also assigned to the air fleet by 27 July 1942. On 10 June 1942, ZG 1, with ZG 2 and other Luftwaffe units began "Operation Wilhelm" to establish staging areas for Operation Blue near Volchansk. On the first day alone, 20 German aircraft were lost in the ground support role—10 belonged to ZG 1 and ZG 2. By 20 July, Luftflotte 4's number of serviceable aircraft shrank by 45 percent. ZG 2 had to be removed from combat and handed its remaining Bf 110s to ZG 1. At the time of the withdrawal, both heavy fighter wings could muster only 86 combat ready Bf 110s between them. For the battles on the
34:
50:
3947:
430:(for example II./ZG 1 was renamed II./JGr 101). Among the operational Bf 110 units there were barely 100 aircraft available. Little is known of I./ZG 1's activities other than the fact that they were the least successful of all the fighter units in Poland. In one long-range fighter escort mission I./ZG 1 claimed two Polish fighters but lost
3857:
3975:
945:
1122:'s commanding officer, coordinating fighter operations near Stlaingrad, that the Bf 110 element was not up to the task. The missions went ahead, with but experienced the expected losses. On 31 January 1943, most of ZG 1 personnel were ordered out of the Soviet Union. II./ZG 1 was sent to the
1103:, thereby keeping open the bottleneck through to Rostov. On 21 January 1943, operations of this kind cost ZG 1 six crews. A last effort was made by I./ZG 1, with support from Stab/JG 3, to fly a long-range patrol over Stalingrad. They returned with two victory claims, but commanding officer
1030:
pilot Rudolf
Scheffel emerged as one of ZG 1's purportedly successful anti-tank pilots; he claimed five aircraft shot down and ten times the number of tanks. Scheffel was awarded the Knight's Cross on 29 October 1942. Hans Peterbus from II./ZG 1 was awarded the decoration on 25 November for
807:
intercepted on one occasion, and with some units equipped with German-built Bf 109s, shot down six He 111s. Göring was furious and ordered missions to continue with Bf 110 escort. The second mission resulted in the destruction of one Swiss fighter. The Nazi leaderships obsession with saving
1554:
far out from the main stream. They attacked head-on and achieved several successes before 61 fighters from JG 300 attacked. The 455th Group lost 10 B-24s, its worst day of the war. II./ZG 1 claimed four but lost five killed, two wounded, and four Bf 110s. On 27 June II./ZG 1 and
750:
airfield. On 16 May, over
Brussels, five 1./ZG 1 Bf 110s fought No. 85 and No. 87 Squadrons; the British claimed three though no losses were sustained; one German pilot was wounded. The German unit claimed one, though any RAF casualties in the dogfight are unstated. Later in the
1471:
filed claims (11 nachtjagdgruppen also claimed). The Eighth lost 60 bombers, with another seven scrapped. The RLV lost 38 fighters. II./ZG 1 remained in
Austria, the sole representative of the wing in the RLV uppon the renaming of III./ZG 1. By early 1944 it shared Fels-am-Wagram airbase
1403:, the prime operating area of the US Fifteenth Air Force. III./ZG 1 was renamed II./ZG 26, but then immediately refounded in France and joined I./ZG 1 flying maritime operations. III./ZG 1, under the command of Major Karl Boehm-Tettlebach, operated Me 410s armed with the
940:
pilot to receive the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross. In the last five days of
February 1942 five II./ZG 1 aircraft were shot down. The 120 IAP (Independent Fighter Regiment) were responsible for the majority of these losses. In late March, early April 1942, I./ZG 1 was pulled off the
927:
pilots were hated by Soviet soldiers for their destructive effect. In the winter battles the roads had been cleared, often leaving huge mountains of snow on either side. Congested columns of men and vehicles proved vulnerable to strafing attacks. German pilots described the appalling effects;
786:
role, but became a victim of its own success when German logistics began to strain because of the infrastructure damage caused by bombing. An effort was made to repair French and
Belgian road, bridges and railway lines. Fuel shortages occurred, but I./ZG 1 at Norrent-Fontes, for example,
1578:, with the heavily armed "sturm" Fw 190 A-8/R-2. A Bf 109 G group was formed from III./ZG 1, which was disbanded and formed as III./JG 4. It took time to convert the ex-ZG 1 pilots onto Fw 190s and Bf 109s. By the end of July 1944 most of the
1254:
began in April 1943. The Allied powers sought to use large numbers of fighters to cut the air bridge from
Tunisia to Sicily and prevent the Axis forces supplying their divisions in Africa. III./ZG 1, with III./ZG 26, used Sicily as their base from this time. The heavy fighter
847:
status into July 1940 for it is listed on the
Quartermaster of the Luftwaffe as I(Nacht)/ZG 1. Two aircraft belonging to this unit were reported destroyed on 25 July; one in action with an RAF bomber and another in an accident. Two crewmen were killed and two wounded.
928:
Oberleutnant
Johannes Kiel remarked they "saw the snow becoming stained red by all the blood." The operations were not without cost to the Germans. II./ZG 1's commanding officer, Hauptmann Rolf Kaldrick killed on 3 February 1942 along with another crew when Soviet
864:, initiating the war on the Eastern Front. The failure of Barbarossa and the requirement for heavy fighter groups which could act with versatility in a variety of support roles was realised. ZG 1 was to reform, this time with a Stab and three
1155:. A third of the Luftwaffe was engaged in these activities in the Mediterranean, indicating a shift to the defensive. The unit partially reequipped with Bf 109 E fighter bombers. The group was transferred to Africa (under
1062:
attempted to check Soviet advances in the Novaya
Kalitva area but accounted strong resistance from Soviet fighters. The 814 IAP claimed five German aircraft shot down on this date. In January 1943, I. and II./ZG 1, with the
1146:
III./ZG 1 was sent from the Soviet Union to Crete on 6 August 1942 having suffered grievous losses on the
Eastern Front. The unit regrouped, rested and began defensive patrols over convoys, escorting transports between
1287:
while escorting Ju 52s. The Allied operation was a resounding success. 432 Axis aircraft were destroyed at a cost of 35 fighters. Coupled with the Stalingrad losses, the German air transport fleet never recovered from
892:, had been converted to the fighter-bomber role in the Battle of Britain. The type was a success in the night fighter role, neccessating the withdrawal of the Bf 110 from the Eastern Front in late 1941. The need to counter
1358:
C heavy fighters. They achieved 137 interceptions and claimed 69 aircraft shot down. The Luftwaffe's bid to protect U-boats over the Bay of Biscay in 1943 cost it 122 aircraft; 79 to enemy action including 48
3846:
868:, common in most Luftwaffe wings. ZG 1 began operations in the Soviet Union in the winter 1941/42, though combat operations did not occur until after 1 January 1942. I./ZG 1 was reformed from I./
1363:. Coastal Command ended its 41-month offensive in the Bay in May 1944. It sank 50 U-Boats and lost 350 aircraft. ZG 1 suffered in the air battles. On 10 March 1944, for example, while escorting an
739:
and it spilot wounded in action with 1./ZG 1. The air battles were costly; over the 10 to 13 May, ZG 1 and ZG 26 lost five Bf 110s between them . On 14 May 5./ZG 1 lost its
4010:
1322:
but soon departed for Germany. II./ZG 1 briefly replaced it. The group stayed for 10 weeks and lost 12 Bf 110s. In October 1943, I./ZG 1 was disbanded to become I./ZG 26. Some
1130:
since the previous autumn. I./ZG 1 remained on the front to serve on the central sector from May 1943. On 5 July Stab and I./ZG 1 had 44 Bf 110s, 37 combat ready, to serve in the
4005:
1015:. Here, they were intercepted by Yak-1s from the 220 IAD and lost three crews, while their opponents suffered one loss. The Red Air Force provided fierce resistance throughout the battles.
1504:. The lack of fighters caused the staff to provide fighters for the withdrawal phase only. II./ZG 1 reacted and succeeded in reaching the bombers. II./ZG 1 reported contact near
1031:
18 aircraft shot down, 26 on the ground, and 19 tanks destroyed. I./ZG 1 was given credit for 44 aircraft, 41 tanks, 15 locomotives, 11 artillery guns, and 157 trucks destroyed. The
787:
reported 200,000 litres (53,000 US gallons) of aviation fuel on 7 June just days into the beginning of the second offensive. II./ZG 1 was based at Trier-Euren and both served under
3839:
1007:. In August 1942, ZG 1 supported close air support to Army Group A in the advance south to the Caucasus. On 2 September ZG 1 were attacking areas to the north west of
1242:
on 29 March 1943. The following day, 12 Me 210s escorted by 18 Bf 109s dropped their bombs over their own lines for a second time when they sighted 12 Spitfires from
1567:. Another attack on the city on 2 July involved 22 of the group's aircraft. Though the unit only lost one fighter it claimed no victory. Other units suffered high losses.
3832:
1375:
ZG 1 had destroyed only 10 Coastal Command aircraft in 1944. U-boat crews accounted for 12. ZG 1 provided up to 24-strong formations of fighter escort for
640:
is known to have fought in combat with the Dutch 5e JaVA (5th Fighter Unit) which cost it one aircraft. One flight of ZG 1 Bf 110s shot down five from six
1379:
anti-shipping aircraft in aerial attacks on ships, but this did not prevent their charges for suffering heavy losses to long-range fighters and Allied return fire.
1542:
On 26 June 1944, the Fifteenth sent 677 bombers to attack six oil refineries. II./ZG 1 and JG 300 were ordered to intercept the bomber stream heading to
1271:. Two were shot down. On 9 April III./ZG 1 claimed four US-flown Spitfires for two losses. Only one US Spitfire was shot down in air combat; the 2nd Squadron
1222:
1367:
submarine it lost half its aircraft plus commanding officer Oberstleutnant Janson. In escorting U-225 a month later it lost seven Ju 88s and claimed four
231:
808:
face, resulted in II./ZG 1 being ordered to fly missions over Swiss air space. This cost the unit five Bf 110s, and the commanding officer of 6.
760:
687:, two to ground-fire, but the other fell to Bf 110s from II./ZG 1. ZG 1 continued counter-air operations by strafing airfields. I. and II.
1430:
pilots attacked from the rear while Bf 109 and Fw 190 units attacked head-on. As it appeared the leading element was to be annihilated, the US
1058:
before reverting to breaking up Soviet lines of resistance. II./ZG 1 lost five aircraft in combat on 16 December 1942. On 26 December ZG 1 and
1114:
in the Battle of Stalingrad. At the end of the year, the two groups could muster a handful of aircraft between them but were still forced into battle.
3963:
3815:
3796:
3777:
3758:
3739:
3701:
3678:
3640:
3621:
3602:
3579:
3538:
3512:
3493:
3474:
3455:
3436:
3377:
3354:
3335:
3316:
3278:
3259:
3240:
3221:
3202:
3183:
3164:
3145:
3101:
3063:
3044:
3021:
3002:
2966:
456:
296:
3557:
1318:
in August 1943. The exception was III./ZG 1, which was sent to France. III./ZG 1 operated from France for two weeks with the new
703:. I./ZG 1 claimed 26 Dutch aircraft on the ground. True Dutch losses are unstated. The command flight of II./ZG 1 encountered
574:
3824:
3417:
3082:
1234:
P-40 was damaged. On 25 March 1943, III./ZG 1 were forced to jettison their bombs early in the face of fighter opposition. Seven
3720:
3297:
3123:
1092:
482:
1118:
personally ordered the Six Bf 109s and five Bf 110s left to conduct patrols over the city regardless of the protests of
541:
hours. He led three Bf 110s in an interception on 30 April, and although these did not yield a victory, Falck was invited to
1407:
air-to-air mortar. On 10 October 1943 III./ZG 1 went into action, leading III./ZG 26, as the Eighth Air Force attacked
905:
684:
442:
3981:
1517:
1454:
1412:
1084:
1076:
1512:
were destroyed. P-38 fighter groups could claim only one victory for three losses. By mid-June 1944, ZG 1 was based in
3937:
1582:
were no longer operational and had been converted to single-engine fighter units. The last surviving ZG 1 unit, II.
1395:
still believed the destructive power of the Bf 110 and Me 410 would prove decisive against unescorted American
467:
made contact with the bombers and claimed two. Dietrich Robitzsch wrote off a Bf 109. Two more pilots were wounded.
1308:
237:
3366:
Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 1—Vorkriegszeit und Einsatz über Polen—1934 bis 1939
735:. Three German bombers were shot down but it cost No. 79 Squadron one pilot killed. No. 87 Squadron lost one
1509:
380:
1226:
Me 210 over Tunisia, 1942. The aircraft coded "CD" in this photo has been identified as belonging to III./ZG 1.
3594:
1450:
1392:
824:
began in July 1940, but ZG 1 was already being broken up to form new units. On 22 June I./ZG 1 became I./
451:
Heinrich Seeliger. JGr 101 was attached to ZG 1 and eventually became II./ZG 1. It was commanded by
373:
33:
3899:
3889:
3486:
A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 Volume 3: Tunisia and the end in Africa, November 1942–May 1943
1536:
1476:. Operations continued into 1944. On 7 January II./ZG 1 attempted to intercept the US Fifteenth's attack on
1331:
833:
712:
625:
384:
3370:
The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 1—Pre-War Period and Action over Poland—1934 to 1939
4000:
1684:
1267:. On 5 April, the operation's first day, eight ZG 1 Me 210s were damaged by bombs at their base near
471:
3884:
1191:
on 30 September 1942. III./ZG 1 fought on as the German front at Alamein collapsed and saw action in the
989:
896:
advances in early 1942 saw a number of night fighter units reconverted back to ground attack units—I. and II./
593:. In the first week of May 1940, I./ZG 1 was seconded to Fall Gelb, and was replaced at Aalborg by I(J)./
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
904:
and their deployment to the Eastern Front weakened the night fighter force. II./ZG 1 was transferred to
441:
186 (Carrier Air Group 186; TrGr 186) which was officially attached to ZG 1 but placed under Stab./
3894:
3467:
A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 Volume 2: North African Desert, February 1942 – March 1943
1556:
1551:
1535:. Actual losses were nine B-24s, two B-17s, seven P-38s and one P-51. US fighters claimed 40; 16 German and
1276:
909:
885:
478:
723:
pilot killed near the town on 14 May. No. 87 and ZG 1 clashed again later in the day. Along with
2976:
Aubusson, Charles (December 2001). "Les guêpes en Méditerranée" [The Wasps in the Mediterranean].
1733:
1663:
1547:
1364:
1343:
1160:
1051:
788:
514:
288:
1621:
1419:
1368:
1204:
1199:
were lost to Sptifires on 13 November. The following day one of the few victory claims for the group, a
825:
696:
633:
629:
590:
211:
101:
1095:
north of Millerovo. I. and II./ZG 1 made efforts to support the defence of air transport bases at
1018:
During the advance southward, ZG 1 set up a night fighter unit in September 1942, named 10(Nacht)
616:
with 22 of the 35 Bf 110s operational. II./ZG 1 had 26 of its 36 Bf 110s operational at
537:. Falck arranged interception procedures with the local commanding officer to enable interceptions in
1691:
1635:
1497:
1435:
1418:
moved north to provide north as part of a 350-fighter strong intercept force. ZG 1 attacked the
1319:
1304:
1235:
1196:
1111:
1091:. Though they were successful in delaying the advances, they did not prevent the encirclement of the
1043:
1039:
857:
704:
645:
403:
269:
174:
170:
132:
3484:
Shores, Christopher F.; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell; Olynyk, Frank; Bock, Winfried (2016).
839:(ZG 76—76th Destroyer Wing). ZG 1 had formally ceased to exist for the next 18 months. I.
336:(JG 333—333th Fighter Wing) on 1 November 1938 which was then briefly given the designation I.
3409:
1740:
1339:
1315:
1243:
724:
720:
668:
664:
3157:
The Battle of the Heligoland Bight, 1939: The Royal Air Force and the Luftwaffe's Baptism of Fire
3133:
1614:
1481:
1431:
1387:
ZG 1, ZG 26 and ZG 76 joined the RLV in the autumn, 1943. The resurrection of the
1296:
1280:
1272:
752:
660:
534:
486:
330:
319:
292:
254:
1230:
On 6 March III./ZG 1 managed to deliver a surprise attack on the airfield at Neffatia. One
2995:
Black Cross / Red Star: Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume II, Resurgence January–June 1942
828:, a night fighter wing and returned to Germany. On 26 June 1940 II./ZG 1 was renamed III.
3811:
3792:
3773:
3754:
3735:
3716:
3697:
3674:
3636:
3617:
3598:
3575:
3553:
3534:
3508:
3489:
3470:
3451:
3432:
3413:
3392:
3373:
3350:
3331:
3312:
3293:
3274:
3255:
3236:
3217:
3198:
3179:
3160:
3141:
3119:
3097:
3078:
3059:
3040:
3032:
3017:
2998:
2981:
2962:
1404:
1212:
1192:
1175:
lost another pilot killed on 17 September. Personnel from III./ZG 1, with fighter-bomber
1134:. An independent anti-tank staffel, Pz.Jg.St/ZG 1 operated 12 Bf 110s equipped with
1123:
1110:
Operations were costly. Proportionately, ZG 1's casualties were comparable to the German
933:
913:
821:
764:
716:
578:
562:
554:
399:
341:
97:
3861:
1719:
1571:
1439:
1423:
1311:
1200:
1050:
transports supplied the encircled Axis armies but were not successful. ZG 1 opened the
1035:
965:
917:
889:
873:
783:
779:
736:
680:
641:
569:. Falck was sure that a Bf 110 unit could defend the airspace at night with assistance from
566:
165:
3633:
Dive-Bomber and Ground-Attack Units of the Luftwaffe, 1933–1945: A Reference Source, Vol. 1
3429:
Fighters over the desert: the air battles in the Western Desert, June 1940 to December 1942
3951:
1645:
1628:
1477:
1231:
1131:
804:
756:
447:
93:
85:
1600:
307:
1446:. It was clear to the Luftwaffe that these aircraft had to be shielded from US escorts.
3567:
1677:
1670:
1607:
1372:
1260:
1251:
1168:
1000:
969:
502:
494:
3387:
Roba, Jean-Louis (February 2002). "Courrier des Lecteurs" [Readers' Letters].
620:. Of the 145 Bf 110s in the air fleet, just 82 were combat ready on 10 May 1940.
402:. The group operated the Bf 110 C. The division and air fleet supported the
3994:
3690:
3111:
1712:
1355:
1347:
1096:
1047:
617:
586:
498:
207:
89:
75:
3666:
3650:
1574:) made several organisational changes. I./ZG 1 ceased to exist and became II./
1564:
1543:
1532:
1396:
1156:
1127:
1115:
1104:
1023:
1004:
877:
861:
672:
606:
550:
522:
388:
215:
55:
763:
was killed in action with 1./ZG 1. ZG 1 are known to have fought in the
708:
1275:
pilot survived. On 10 April ZG 1 lost one Bf 110 in a collision with a
964:
I. and II./ZG 1 returned to the Eastern Front under Luftflotte 4 to support
1726:
1489:
984:. 71 Bf 110s were operational from a total of 108. III./ZG 1, with 7.
981:
800:
649:
613:
347:(JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) on 1 May 1939. During this creation process, the
3138:
The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts
916:
and help it defend against the enormous Soviet counter-offensive following the
803:
for convenience and as a mark of arrogance in their perceived superiority. The
3770:
Stuka Attack! The Dive-Bombing Assault on England During the Battle of Britain
3671:
Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler's Defeat in the East 1942-1943
1505:
1408:
1164:
1055:
1054:, an attempt to relive the trapped armies, by attacking the Soviet airbase at
1008:
881:
747:
700:
676:
546:
526:
510:
3396:
2985:
1207:. A week later, one Me 210 was shot down and two damaged in combat over
3868:
3865:
1088:
1080:
1072:
996:
796:
743:
692:
653:
558:
411:
200:
65:
1042:. ZG 1 was ordered to perform escort fighter roles from their base in
525:
were taking off. Falck shot one down. 13 other Danish fighters, including
1560:
1484:
without success. On 24 February the Eighth began a three-stage attack on
1351:
1284:
1032:
1012:
973:
893:
792:
775:
732:
518:
3856:
3715:. Baltimore: The Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America.
3364:
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000).
944:
624:
supported ZG 1 in heavy fighter operations. The unit fought in the
1493:
1400:
1268:
1216:
1100:
953:
869:
530:
3751:
Convoy Peewit: August 8, 1940: The First Day of the Battle of Britain?
3465:
Shores, Christopher F.; Massimello, Giovanni; Guest, Russell (2012b).
3614:
Bomber Units of the Luftwaffe 1933–1945; A Reference Source, Volume 1
1528:
1524:
1513:
1354:, ZG 1 conducted heavy fighter patrols with their newly arrived
1335:
1152:
1148:
1135:
542:
407:
268:
141 (ZG 141—141st Destroyer Wing) on 1 November 1938 flying the
178:
3591:
Hitler's Northern War: The Luftwaffe's Ill-Fated Campaign, 1940–1945
3014:
Stalingrad — The Air Battle: November 1942 – February 1943
1334:. The purpose of their transfer was to provide air cover for German
3653:(Summer 1997). "The German use of air power at Kharkov, May 1942".
2264:
2262:
2249:
2247:
932:
fighters intercepted them. The Bf 110 units lost two of their
601:
Battle of the Low Countries and France, operations over Switzerland
299:, present-day Makowice in north-western Poland, on 24 August 1939.
1587:
1501:
1485:
1473:
1376:
1327:
1221:
1208:
1184:
1180:
1064:
943:
929:
901:
897:
621:
570:
419:
3732:
The Many Not The Few: The Stolen History of the Battle of Britain
1434:
appeared and broke up the assault. The German units destroyed 30
1163:. On 1 September 1942, Hauptmann Roland Borth was shot down over
812:
on 8 June. Thereafter, operations over Switzerland were stopped.
791:. German bomber wings were ordered to attack rail traffic in the
581:, commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, ordered Falck to create a
2496:
2494:
1575:
1247:
1239:
1188:
1119:
1068:
1059:
977:
728:
594:
538:
506:
423:
3828:
1238:, which now equipped the group, were damaged in an air raid on
872:
in January 1942. Stab and I./ZG 1 was assigned to support
755:
fighters killed one of ZG 1's crews in combat. In return,
3446:
Shores, Christopher; Foreman, John; Ehrengardt, Chris (1992).
3347:
Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 3 M–R
3328:
Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F
1442:, losing 25 fighters and 12 airmen. Nine of those losses were
3957:
3806:
Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1992).
880:. The combat units were to support the German defence on the
573:
operators. Falck convinced Kesselring, Milch and Udet at the
3572:
The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain
2481:
2479:
406:
on most northern part of the line as it advanced to capture
325:(JG 135—135th Fighter Wing). It was then renamed to I.
2680:
2668:
2596:
2584:
2560:
2548:
1203:, was claimed. On 18 November, two pilots were killed over
888:
in December 1941. The Bf 110, which had not succeeded as a
3787:
Shores, Christopher; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (1987).
2715:
2713:
2303:
2301:
1946:
1944:
1426:, already shattered by single-engine fighter units. The
372:
On the outbreak of World War II the unit was based with
2745:
2743:
2730:
2728:
1875:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1464:
unit in Germany and Austria was ordered to help. Seven
3176:
Phoenix Triumphant; The Rise and Rise of the Luftwaffe
2644:
2632:
2620:
2608:
2572:
2524:
1641:
Oberstleutnant Lothar von Janson, 1943 – 10 March 1944
1071:
formed the backbone of the defence at Tatsinskaya and
3935:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
1697:
Haupmann Max Franzisket, 14 April 1943 – 19 July 1943
489:
on 6 April, three days before the invasion began. I.
229:
1 (ZG 1—1st Destroyer Wing) was formed with two
16:
Heavy/destroyer Fighter Aircraft-wing of World War II
4011:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
3054:
Cull, Brian; Lander, Bruce; Weiss, Heinrich (1999).
2959:
History of the German Night Fighter Force, 1917–1945
260:"Richthofen" (JG 132—132nd Fighter Wing) to I.
3195:
Luftwaffe at War; Gathering Storm 1933–39: Volume 1
164:
159:
143:
138:
126:
115:
107:
81:
71:
61:
43:
23:
3689:
3631:de Zeng, H.L.; Stankey, D.G.; Creek, E.J. (2009).
3612:de Zeng, H.L.; Stankey, D.G.; Creek, E.J. (2007).
3505:Messerschmitt Bf 110 Zerstörer Aces of World War 2
3214:Luftwaffe at War; Blitzkrieg in the West: Volume 2
2292:
2280:
2268:
2253:
2238:
2226:
2214:
1299:on 13 May 1943, ZG 1 was sent to Germany for
426:). The rest were given Bf 109s and nominated
4006:Military units and formations established in 1939
3808:Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece and Crete: 1940–41
3550:The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited
3372:] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck.
1508:and reported numerous victories. 19 B-17s and 21
936:holders within a week. Kaldrack became the first
557:, though the senior command was preoccupied with
3692:Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege, 1940–1943
3345:Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015).
3326:Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014).
3037:The Luftwaffe over Germany: Defense of the Reich
1590:, which had been formed mostly from ZG 76.
1546:. 27 Bf 110s of II./ZG 1 observed the
856:In June 1941 the Wehrmacht and its Allies began
707:and the British unit lost one pilot killed near
310:and was also equipped with the Bf 109. The
3531:Barbarossa - The Air Battle: July–December 1941
2993:Bergström, Christer; Mikhailov, Andrey (2001).
2500:
2130:
2118:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1531:, I./ZG 76 claimed 20 B-24s one P-38, two
355:Rudolf Stoltenhoff, who turned over command to
3271:The War Against Rommel's Supply Lines, 1942–43
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
1887:
1863:
1326:of the former I./ZG 1 was merged into V./
1142:Mediterranean, African Front and Bay of Biscay
529:, were strafed and destroyed. I./ZG 1 at
3840:
1215:at this stage; one was reported damaged over
1126:; III./ZG 1 had been in the theatre and
782:. The Luftwaffe had proven successful in the
8:
3389:Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire
3116:Air Battle for Dunkirk, 26 May - 3 June 1940
2978:Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire
1617:(acting), 22 September 1942 – 5 October 1942
727:, they attempted to attack He 111s from II./
470:In April 1940 ZG 1 was subordinated to
291:. This unit was initially based at Jüterbog-
3075:The Caucasus 1942–43: Kleist's race for oil
455:Hellmuth Reichardt. JGr. 101 fought in the
280:of ZG 1. During this entire time, the
3847:
3833:
3825:
2536:
2485:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2331:
1523:. On 13 June 1944, II./ZG 1, with I./
249:(1st group) was formed by renaming II(s).
32:
3791:(1st ed.). London, UK: Grub Street.
3450:(1st ed.). London, UK: Grub Street.
746:Kiippers during a full-scale strafing of
711:. ZG 1 conducted patrols during the
272:single engine fighter. On 1 May 1939, I.
3427:Shores, Christopher; Ring, Hans (1969).
3233:Eagle in Flames: Defeat of the Luftwaffe
972:, Hitler's offensive towards the Soviet
771:claimed three Hurricanes over the port.
3970:
3942:
3713:The German Air War in Russia, 1941-1945
3094:Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939
2307:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2094:
2022:
1911:
1851:
1803:
1757:
513:. Falck led I./ZG 1 to attack the
235:(groups) before the war. Initially, no
38:ZG 1 emblem depicting a wasp, or hornet
3673:. London: University Press of Kansas.
2773:
2761:
2749:
2734:
2719:
2704:
2692:
2656:
2319:
2142:
2106:
1974:
1950:
1935:
1923:
1899:
1827:
1815:
1631:(acting), 1 March 1943 – 12 April 1943
683:failed to return; one was a victim of
20:
3860:Zerstörergeschwader (heavy/destroyer
3140:. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
2202:
2190:
1962:
1876:Shores, Foreman & Ehrengardt 1992
1187:were used to form the nucleus of II./
501:operations. 3./ZG 1 escorted 28
418:were genuine units (I./ZG 1, I./
314:had originally been formed as II(l).
7:
2645:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
2633:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
2621:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
2609:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
2573:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
2525:Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012b
2512:
2410:
2398:
1839:
1550:begin its bomb run, and noticed the
533:experienced repeated air attacks by
3178:. London: Arms & Armour Press.
1722:, 4 February 1942 – 1 February 1943
941:frontlines to rest and recuperate.
816:Battle of Britain and Channel Front
3406:The Luftwaffe in Africa, 1941-1943
3058:. London: Grub Street Publishing.
1610:, 3 March 1942 – 21 September 1942
14:
3216:. London, UK: Chevron/Ian Allan.
1673:, 14 December 1939 – 22 June 1940
1383:Defence of the Reich, disbandment
1107:nearly survived a crash-landing.
1003:'s IV Fliegerkorps in support of
774:ZG 1 remained active during
368:Invasion of Poland and Phoney War
359:Hellmut Reichard on 15 May 1939.
3973:
3945:
3855:
3431:. London, UK: Neville Spearman.
1736:, 3 August 1943 – 8 October 1943
1715:4 January 1942 – 3 February 1942
1694:, 20 August 1942 – 12 April 1943
1480:and lost one aircraft to the US
193:1 (ZG 1—1st Destroyer Wing)
48:
3311:. London, UK: McWhirter Twins.
3292:. Wiltshire: he Crowood Press.
3039:. London, UK: Greenhill Books.
1687:, 7 March 1942 – 20 August 1942
1680:, 1 January 1942 – 2 March 1942
1666:, 1 May 1939 – 13 December 1939
1624:, 6 October 1942 – 1 March 1943
1603:, 4 January 1942 – 2 March 1942
906:Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen
628:. ZG 1 was engaged in the
509:on a demonstration flight over
3349:. Walton on Thames: Red Kite.
3330:. Walton on Thames: Red Kite.
3252:Air War Over France, 1939-1940
2293:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001
2281:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001
2269:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001
2254:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001
2239:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001
2227:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001
2215:Bergström & Mikhailov 2001
1638:, 12 April 1943 – 13 July 1943
1555:I./ZG 76 intercepted the
1399:. II./ZG 1 was placed in
1295:After the capitulation of the
1211:. The group was operating the
1022:which produced the successful
457:Battle of the Heligoland Bight
1:
3533:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan.
3529:Bergström, Christer (2007a).
3235:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
3197:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan.
3016:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan.
3012:Bergström, Christer (2007b).
2997:. Pacifica Military History.
2131:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
2119:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
2083:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
2071:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
2059:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
2047:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
2035:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
2011:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
1999:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
1987:Cull, Lander & Weiss 1999
1729:, 26 May 1943 – 2 August 1943
1460:was overwhelmed and so every
306:was formed on 15 May 1939 at
241:(headquarters unit) nor III.
3589:Claasen, Adam R. A. (2001).
3548:Bergström, Christer (2015).
1743:, 9 October 1943 – July 1944
1510:Consolidated B-24 Liberators
1309:United States Army Air Force
1250:on an armed reconnaissance.
1138:cannon with little success.
1093:German 3rd Mountain Division
999:, ZG 1 was assigned to
715:, a major engagement in the
612:. I./ZG 1 was based at
3810:. London, UK: Grub Street.
3772:. London, UK: Grub Street.
3753:. London, UK: Grub Street.
3574:. London, UK: Aurum Press.
3488:. London, UK: Grub Street.
3469:. London, UK: Grub Street.
3273:. London: Stackpole Books.
2501:Frieser & Schmider 2017
648:, which had taken off from
589:on 22 June 1940. He formed
445:for defensive duties under
245:(3rd group) was formed. I.
4027:
3595:University Press of Kansas
3136:; Schmider, Klaus (2017).
2942:Mathews & Foreman 2014
2930:Mathews & Foreman 2015
2918:Mathews & Foreman 2015
2906:Mathews & Foreman 2014
2894:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2882:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2870:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2858:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2846:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2834:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2822:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2810:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2798:Caldwell & Muller 2007
2786:Caldwell & Muller 2007
1888:Caldwell & Muller 2007
1864:Caldwell & Muller 2007
1570:In mid-1944, the RLV (now
1451:Second Raid on Schweinfurt
1393:Oberkommando der Luftwaffe
1265:Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien
884:after their defeat in the
778:, the second phase of the
605:ZG 1 was assigned to
545:to discuss his ideas with
483:German invasion of Denmark
3875:
3734:. London, UK: Continuum.
3696:. London: Miramax Books.
3404:Roba, Jean-Louis (2019).
2980:(in French) (105): 9–14.
1537:Royal Hungarian Air Force
1496:. The Fifteenth sent the
626:Battle of the Netherlands
434:von Freiherr Mullenheim.
385:German invasion of Poland
276:of ZG 141 became I.
31:
3711:Muller, Richard (1992).
3635:. Ian Allan Publishing.
3616:. Ian Allan Publishing.
3552:. Oxford, UK: Casemate.
3250:Jackson, Robert (1974).
3092:Forczyk, Robert (2019).
3073:Forczyk, Robert (2015).
2824:, pp. 135–137, 152.
1648:, March 1944 – July 1944
1563:and shot down four over
1449:Four days later was the
1424:3rd Bombardment Division
1391:was ordered because the
414:. Only three of the ten
3768:Saunders, Andy (2013).
3749:Saunders, Andy (2010).
3730:North, Richard (2012).
3688:Holland, James (2003).
3307:Mason, Francis (1969).
3159:. London: Grub Street.
3118:. London: Grub Street.
2957:Aders, Gebhard (1978).
1557:460th Bombardment Group
1552:455th Bombardment Group
1277:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
1038:turned the tide in the
632:operations against the
3391:(in French) (107): 3.
3212:Hooton, E.R. (2007b).
3193:Hooton, E.R. (2007a).
3155:Holmes, Robin (2010).
2537:Shores & Ring 1969
1664:Joachim-Friedrich Huth
1586:ZG 1 became III./
1548:304th Bombardment Wing
1369:de Havilland Mosquitos
1365:Imperial Japanese Navy
1344:anti-submarine warfare
1332:Fliegerführer Atlantik
1227:
1171:eight days later. The
1161:North African Campaign
1052:Operation Winter Storm
961:
860:, the invasion of the
719:, and accounted for a
515:Royal Danish Air Force
398:was fit for action at
387:ZG 1 was part of
295:until it was moved to
289:Joachim-Friedrich Huth
3962:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3960:Zerstörergeschwader 1
3269:Levine, Alan (2008).
3254:. London: Ian Allan.
3231:Hooton, E.R. (1999).
3174:Hooton, E.R. (1994).
3031:Caldwell, Donald L.;
1622:Paul-Friedrich Darjes
1420:14th Bombardment Wing
1236:Messerschmitt Me 210s
1225:
1197:Messerschmitt Me 210s
960:alphanumeric markings
947:
826:Nachtjagdgeschwader 1
634:Royal Dutch Air Force
630:Offensive counter air
591:Nachtjagdgeschwader 1
437:In December 1939 II./
102:Offensive counter air
3290:Messerschmitt Bf 110
3288:Mackay, Ron (2000).
2551:, pp. 106, 108.
2121:, pp. 164, 168.
1734:Karl-Heinrich Matern
1692:Joachim Blechschmidt
1636:Joachim Blechschmidt
1539:fighters were lost.
1498:5th Bombardment Wing
1436:B-17 Flying Fortress
1330:and subordinated to
1320:Messerschmitt Me 410
1305:Defence of the Reich
1159:) and fought in the
1040:Battle of Stalingrad
858:Operation Barbarossa
767:; on 1 June 1940 I.
705:No. 615 Squadron RAF
646:No. 600 Squadron RAF
479:Operation Weserübung
270:Messerschmitt Bf 109
133:Messerschmitt Bf 110
3789:The Hurricane Years
3503:Weal, John (2000).
3410:Casemate Publishers
3309:Battle Over Britain
3134:Frieser, Karl-Heinz
2896:, pp. 222–223.
2884:, pp. 213–214.
2860:, pp. 209–210.
2848:, pp. 160–161.
2812:, pp. 133–134.
2800:, pp. 132–133.
2659:, pp. 312–313.
2635:, pp. 559–560.
2623:, pp. 551–552.
2611:, pp. 530–531.
2085:, pp. 120–121.
1878:, pp. 139–149.
1741:Egon Albrecht-Lemke
1594:Commanding officers
1580:Zerstörergeschwader
1389:Zerstörergeschwader
1340:RAF Coastal Command
1316:Fifteenth Air Force
1307:duties against the
1244:No. 92 Squadron RAF
991:Zerstörergeschwader
950:Zerstörergeschwader
835:Zerstörergeschwader
789:Jagdfliegerführer 3
725:No. 79 Squadron RAF
721:No. 87 Squadron RAF
583:Nachtjagdgeschwader
266:Zerstörergeschwader
227:Zerstörergeschwader
191:Zerstörergeschwader
25:Zerstörergeschwader
3915:142 "Horst Wessel"
3507:. Oxford: Osprey.
3096:. Oxford: Osprey.
3077:. Oxford: Osprey.
3056:Twelve Days in May
3033:Muller, Richard R.
2681:Shores et al. 2016
2669:Shores et al. 2016
2597:Shores et al. 2016
2585:Shores et al. 2016
2561:Shores et al. 2016
2549:Shores et al. 2016
1615:Ralph von Rettberg
1482:14th Fighter Group
1432:56th Fighter Group
1346:operations in the
1301:Reichsverteidigung
1297:Panzer Army Africa
1281:82nd Fighter Group
1273:52nd Fighter Group
1228:
962:
753:No. 3 Squadron RAF
713:Battle of Gembloux
661:RAF Bomber Command
535:RAF Bomber Command
487:Norwegian Campaign
3933:
3932:
3890:26 "Horst Wessel"
3817:978-0-948817-07-6
3798:978-0-948817-06-9
3779:978-1-908117-35-9
3760:978-1-906502-67-6
3741:978-1-4411-3151-5
3703:978-1-4013-5186-1
3680:978-0-7006-1146-1
3655:Air Power History
3642:978-1-9065-3708-1
3623:978-1-85780-279-5
3604:978-0-7006-1050-1
3581:978-1-85410-721-3
3540:978-1-85780-270-2
3514:978-1-85532-753-5
3495:978-1-910690-00-0
3476:978-1-909166-12-7
3457:978-0-948817-42-7
3438:978-0-85435-060-5
3379:978-3-923457-54-0
3356:978-1-906592-20-2
3337:978-1-906592-18-9
3318:978-0-901928-00-9
3280:978-0-8117-3458-5
3261:978-0-7110-0510-5
3242:978-1-85409-343-1
3223:978-1-85780-272-6
3204:978-1-903223-71-0
3185:978-1-85409-181-9
3166:978-1-906502-56-0
3147:978-3-421-06235-2
3103:978-1-4728-3495-9
3065:978-1-902304-12-0
3046:978-1-85367-712-0
3023:978-1-85780-276-4
3004:978-0-935553-51-2
2968:978-0-354-01247-8
2961:. London: Janes.
2764:, pp. 60–61.
2413:, pp. 81–80.
1965:, pp. 15–16.
1789:Prien et al. 2000
1777:Prien et al. 2000
1765:Prien et al. 2000
1405:Werfer-Granate 21
1259:were attached to
1213:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
1195:. Two of the new
1193:Battle of Tunisia
958:Geschwaderkennung
952:1, still bearing
914:Army Group Centre
910:Fliegerkorps VIII
822:Battle of Britain
765:Battle of Dunkirk
717:Battle of Belgium
681:Bristol Blenheims
642:Bristol Blenheims
563:Battle of Belgium
555:Albert Kesselring
493:was commanded by
351:was cammanded by
284:was commanded by
184:
183:
150:Geschwaderkennung
98:close air support
4018:
3986:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3859:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3826:
3821:
3802:
3783:
3764:
3745:
3726:
3707:
3695:
3684:
3662:
3646:
3627:
3608:
3593:. Lawrence, KS:
3585:
3563:
3559:978-1612-00347-4
3544:
3518:
3499:
3480:
3461:
3448:Fledgling Eagles
3442:
3423:
3400:
3383:
3360:
3341:
3322:
3303:
3284:
3265:
3246:
3227:
3208:
3189:
3170:
3151:
3129:
3107:
3088:
3069:
3050:
3027:
3008:
2989:
2972:
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2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2738:
2732:
2723:
2717:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
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2600:
2594:
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2402:
2396:
2383:
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2329:
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2296:
2290:
2284:
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2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1685:Wolfgang Schenck
1572:Luftflotte Reich
1440:P-47 Thunderbolt
1342:intensified its
1312:Eighth Air Force
1201:Bristol Beaufort
1075:and against the
1036:Operation Uranus
966:Army Group South
923:The Bf 110
918:Battle of Moscow
890:fighter aircraft
886:Battle of Rostov
874:Army Group South
799:. They overflew
795:and shipping in
784:Air interdiction
780:Battle of France
737:Hawker Hurricane
567:Battle of France
416:Zerstörergruppen
206:or ‘destroyer’ (
128:Fighter Aircraft
54:
52:
51:
36:
21:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4001:Luftwaffe Wings
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3965:sister projects
3964:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3871:
3853:
3818:
3805:
3799:
3786:
3780:
3767:
3761:
3748:
3742:
3729:
3723:
3710:
3704:
3687:
3681:
3665:
3649:
3643:
3630:
3624:
3611:
3605:
3588:
3582:
3568:Bungay, Stephen
3566:
3560:
3547:
3541:
3528:
3525:
3523:Further reading
3515:
3502:
3496:
3483:
3477:
3464:
3458:
3445:
3439:
3426:
3420:
3403:
3386:
3380:
3363:
3357:
3344:
3338:
3325:
3319:
3306:
3300:
3287:
3281:
3268:
3262:
3249:
3243:
3230:
3224:
3211:
3205:
3192:
3186:
3173:
3167:
3154:
3148:
3132:
3126:
3110:
3104:
3091:
3085:
3072:
3066:
3053:
3047:
3030:
3024:
3011:
3005:
2992:
2975:
2969:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2655:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2492:
2486:Bergström 2007b
2484:
2477:
2471:Bergström 2007b
2469:
2465:
2459:Bergström 2007b
2457:
2453:
2447:Bergström 2007b
2445:
2441:
2435:Bergström 2007b
2433:
2429:
2423:Bergström 2007b
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2386:
2380:Bergström 2007b
2378:
2374:
2368:Bergström 2007b
2366:
2362:
2356:Bergström 2007b
2354:
2350:
2344:Bergström 2007b
2342:
2338:
2332:Bergström 2007b
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1708:
1659:
1646:Erich von Selle
1644:Oberstleutnant
1634:Oberstleutnant
1629:Alfred Druschel
1627:Oberstleutnant
1620:Oberstleutnant
1613:Oberstleutnant
1596:
1478:Wiener Neustadt
1385:
1232:2 Squadron SAAF
1144:
1132:Battle of Kursk
1085:3rd Guards Army
1077:1st Guards Army
976:oilfields near
854:
818:
805:Swiss Air Force
757:Squadron Leader
603:
497:, a pioneer of
381:Central Germany
376:Fliegerdivision
370:
365:
253:(2nd group) of
224:
187:
145:
100:
96:
94:surgical strike
92:
88:
86:air superiority
49:
47:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4024:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3864:wings) of the
3854:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3803:
3797:
3784:
3778:
3765:
3759:
3746:
3740:
3727:
3721:
3708:
3702:
3685:
3679:
3663:
3647:
3641:
3628:
3622:
3609:
3603:
3586:
3580:
3564:
3558:
3545:
3539:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3500:
3494:
3481:
3475:
3462:
3456:
3443:
3437:
3424:
3419:978-1612007458
3418:
3401:
3384:
3378:
3361:
3355:
3342:
3336:
3323:
3317:
3304:
3298:
3285:
3279:
3266:
3260:
3247:
3241:
3228:
3222:
3209:
3203:
3190:
3184:
3171:
3165:
3152:
3146:
3130:
3124:
3112:Franks, Norman
3108:
3102:
3089:
3084:978-1472805836
3083:
3070:
3064:
3051:
3045:
3028:
3022:
3009:
3003:
2990:
2973:
2967:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2934:
2932:, p. 815.
2922:
2920:, p. 900.
2910:
2908:, p. 336.
2898:
2886:
2874:
2872:, p. 212.
2862:
2850:
2838:
2836:, p. 151.
2826:
2814:
2802:
2790:
2788:, p. 105.
2778:
2766:
2754:
2739:
2724:
2722:, p. 168.
2709:
2707:, p. 182.
2697:
2685:
2683:, p. 462.
2673:
2671:, p. 446.
2661:
2649:
2647:, p. 560.
2637:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2599:, p. 452.
2589:
2587:, p. 142.
2577:
2575:, p. 459.
2565:
2563:, p. 114.
2553:
2541:
2539:, p. 182.
2529:
2527:, p. 351.
2517:
2505:
2490:
2488:, p. 120.
2475:
2473:, p. 116.
2463:
2461:, p. 105.
2451:
2449:, p. 102.
2439:
2437:, p. 100.
2427:
2415:
2403:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2322:, p. 311.
2312:
2297:
2295:, p. 110.
2285:
2273:
2258:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2205:, p. 193.
2195:
2193:, p. 226.
2183:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2145:, p. 188.
2135:
2133:, p. 174.
2123:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2073:, p. 119.
2063:
2061:, p. 109.
2051:
2049:, p. 100.
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1977:, p. 231.
1967:
1955:
1953:, p. 227.
1940:
1938:, p. 222.
1928:
1926:, p. 191.
1916:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1854:, p. 156.
1844:
1832:
1830:, p. 179.
1820:
1818:, p. 176.
1808:
1793:
1791:, p. 317.
1781:
1779:, p. 315.
1769:
1767:, p. 314.
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1678:Ulrich Diesing
1674:
1671:Wolfgang Falck
1667:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1608:Ulrich Diesing
1604:
1595:
1592:
1384:
1381:
1373:D-day landings
1261:Theo Osterkamp
1252:Operation Flax
1169:died of wounds
1143:
1140:
1001:Kurt Pflugbeil
970:Operation Blue
934:Knight's Cross
853:
850:
817:
814:
741:Staffelkapitän
636:on 10 May. 4.
602:
599:
579:Hermann Göring
503:Heinkel He 111
495:Wolfgang Falck
400:Mühlen Eichsen
394:. Only the I.
369:
366:
364:
361:
343:Jagdgeschwader
332:Jagdgeschwader
321:Jagdgeschwader
256:Jagdgeschwader
238:Geschwaderstab
223:
220:
197:destroyer wing
185:
182:
181:
168:
162:
161:
160:Aircraft flown
157:
156:
147:
144:Identification
141:
140:
136:
135:
130:
124:
123:
117:
113:
112:
111:Air Force Wing
109:
105:
104:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4023:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3984:
3983:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3953:
3943:
3939:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3850:
3845:
3843:
3838:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3819:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3722:1-877853-13-5
3718:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3667:Hayward, Joel
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3651:Hayward, Joel
3648:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3299:1-86126-313-9
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3125:1-904943-43-8
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2944:, p. 11.
2943:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2776:, p. 70.
2775:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2752:, p. 60.
2751:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:, p. 59.
2736:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2698:
2695:, p. 31.
2694:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2515:, p. 79.
2514:
2509:
2506:
2503:, p. 92.
2502:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2425:, p. 95.
2424:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2401:, p. 81.
2400:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2382:, p. 74.
2381:
2376:
2373:
2370:, p. 67.
2369:
2364:
2361:
2358:, p. 61.
2357:
2352:
2349:
2346:, p. 57.
2345:
2340:
2337:
2334:, p. 51.
2333:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2310:, p. 21.
2309:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2283:, p. 52.
2282:
2277:
2274:
2271:, p. 49.
2270:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2256:, p. 39.
2255:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2241:, p. 26.
2240:
2235:
2232:
2229:, p. 23.
2228:
2223:
2220:
2217:, p. 19.
2216:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2181:, p. 82.
2180:
2175:
2172:
2169:, p. 80.
2168:
2163:
2160:
2157:, p. 81.
2156:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2109:, p. 35.
2108:
2103:
2100:
2097:, p. 55.
2096:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2040:
2037:, p. 61.
2036:
2031:
2028:
2025:, p. 42.
2024:
2019:
2016:
2013:, p. 17.
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:, p. 16.
2000:
1995:
1992:
1989:, p. 11.
1988:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1914:, p. 28.
1913:
1908:
1905:
1902:, p. 68.
1901:
1896:
1893:
1890:, p. 39.
1889:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:, p. 38.
1865:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1842:, p. 13.
1841:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1806:, p. 94.
1805:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1720:Günther Tonne
1717:
1714:
1713:Rolf Kaldrack
1710:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1559:on a raid to
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:P-51 Mustangs
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1438:bombers, one
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:heavy bombers
1394:
1390:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1356:Junkers Ju 88
1353:
1349:
1348:Bay of Biscay
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:Mediterranean
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:Novocherkassk
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:Junkers Ju 52
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
959:
955:
951:
946:
942:
939:
935:
931:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
852:Eastern Front
851:
849:
846:
843:retained its
842:
838:
836:
831:
827:
823:
815:
813:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:Gelsenkirchen
615:
611:
609:
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
561:, the coming
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
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3985:from Commons
3980:
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2315:
2308:Forczyk 2015
2288:
2276:
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2179:Hooton 2007b
2174:
2167:Hooton 2007b
2162:
2155:Hooton 2007b
2150:
2138:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2095:Hooton 2007b
2090:
2078:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2023:Jackson 1974
2018:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1931:
1919:
1912:Hooton 2007b
1907:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1852:Forczyk 2019
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1804:Hooton 2007a
1784:
1772:
1760:
1703:
1654:
1601:Arved Crüger
1583:
1579:
1569:
1565:Lake Balaton
1544:Moosbierbaum
1541:
1520:Jagddivision
1519:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:Jagddivision
1456:
1448:
1443:
1427:
1415:Jagddivision
1414:
1388:
1386:
1360:
1323:
1300:
1294:
1289:
1279:form the US
1264:
1256:
1229:
1176:
1172:
1157:Luftflotte 2
1145:
1128:North Africa
1116:Erhard Milch
1109:
1105:Eduard Tratt
1027:
1024:Josef Kociok
1019:
1017:
1005:Army Group A
990:
985:
963:
957:
949:
937:
924:
922:
878:Luftflotte 4
865:
862:Soviet Union
855:
844:
840:
834:
829:
819:
809:
773:
768:
740:
688:
673:Albert Canal
671:to bomb the
658:
637:
607:
604:
582:
551:Erhard Milch
523:Fokker D.XXI
490:
473:Fliegerkorps
472:
469:
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460:
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439:Trägergruppe
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363:World War II
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216:World War II
203:
196:
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153:
149:
127:
119:
56:Nazi Germany
24:
18:
2774:Hooton 1999
2762:Hooton 1999
2750:Hooton 1999
2735:Hooton 1999
2720:Mackay 2000
2705:Levine 2008
2693:Levine 2008
2657:Hooton 1999
2320:Hooton 1999
2143:Franks 2006
2107:Mackay 2000
1975:Hooton 1994
1951:Hooton 1994
1936:Hooton 1994
1924:Hooton 1994
1900:Holmes 2010
1828:Hooton 1994
1816:Hooton 1994
1727:Heinz Nacke
1490:Schweinfurt
1350:. Based at
1246:, covering
1044:Tatsinskaya
982:Caspian Sea
948:Bf 109E of
912:to support
801:Switzerland
650:RAF Manston
614:Kirchhellen
527:Fokker C.Vs
521:where four
428:Jagdgruppen
116:Nickname(s)
3995:Categories
3408:. London:
2203:Mason 1969
2191:Aders 1978
1963:Aders 1978
1748:References
1739:Hauptmann
1732:Hauptmann
1711:Hauptmann
1683:Hauptmann
1669:Hauptmann
1516:, part of
1506:Klagenfurt
1165:El Alamein
1056:Abganerovo
1009:Stalingrad
882:Mius River
759:P Gifford
748:Vlissingen
701:Oostvoorne
677:Maastricht
659:On 11 May
608:Luftflotte
587:Düsseldorf
547:Ernst Udet
511:Copenhagen
390:Luftflotte
3869:Luftwaffe
3866:Wehrmacht
3397:1243-8650
2986:1243-8650
2513:Roba 2019
2411:Weal 2000
2399:Weal 2000
1840:Weal 2000
1753:Citations
1466:Zerstörer
1462:Zerstörer
1444:Zerstörer
1428:Zerstörer
1371:. By the
1361:Zerstörer
1205:Apollonia
1089:Morozovsk
1081:Millerovo
1073:Morozovsk
938:Zerstörer
925:Zerstörer
845:Zerstörer
797:Marseille
744:Hauptmann
709:Courrière
693:Haamstede
691:attacked
654:Waalhaven
559:Fall Gelb
459:. Only a
432:Hauptmann
412:Bydgoszcz
222:Formation
204:zerstörer
201:Luftwaffe
66:Luftwaffe
3952:Aviation
3669:(2001).
3570:(2000).
3114:(2006).
3035:(2007).
1561:Budapest
1352:Bordeaux
1324:staffeln
1285:Cape Bon
1177:staffeln
1112:6th army
1033:Red Army
1013:Kotluban
997:Don bend
974:Caucasus
894:Red Army
876:, under
776:Fall Rot
733:Brussels
697:Flushing
652:to bomb
519:Vaerlose
517:base at
463:from 3.
422:, I(Z)./
404:4th army
302:The II.
297:Mackfitz
199:) was a
139:Insignia
3862:Fighter
1706:of ZG 1
1657:of ZG 1
1494:Rostock
1469:gruppen
1409:Münster
1401:Austria
1336:U-boats
1269:Trapani
1257:gruppen
1217:Bizerte
1101:Zverevo
1067:and II/
1063:13(Pz)/
1020:Staffel
1011:, near
986:Staffel
980:on the
954:SKG 210
900:became
870:SKG 210
866:gruppen
810:Staffel
679:. Four
638:Staffel
531:Aalborg
465:Staffel
232:Gruppen
166:Fighter
44:Country
3938:Portal
3814:
3795:
3776:
3757:
3738:
3719:
3700:
3677:
3639:
3620:
3601:
3578:
3556:
3537:
3511:
3492:
3473:
3454:
3435:
3416:
3395:
3376:
3353:
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3315:
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3258:
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3122:
3100:
3081:
3062:
3043:
3020:
3001:
2984:
2965:
1725:Major
1718:Major
1704:Gruppe
1690:Major
1676:Major
1662:Major
1655:Gruppe
1606:Major
1599:Major
1584:Gruppe
1529:JG 302
1525:JG 300
1514:Vienna
1453:. The
1411:. The
1173:gruppe
1153:Sicily
1149:Greece
1136:BK 3,7
1046:, for
1028:Gruppe
1026:. II.
841:Gruppe
830:Gruppe
769:Gruppe
699:, and
689:Gruppe
669:No. 53
665:No. 18
553:, and
543:Berlin
491:Gruppe
481:, the
408:Danzig
396:Gruppe
349:Gruppe
338:Gruppe
327:Gruppe
316:Gruppe
312:Gruppe
304:Gruppe
282:Gruppe
278:Gruppe
274:Gruppe
262:Gruppe
251:Gruppe
247:Gruppe
243:Gruppe
195:(lit.
179:Me 210
175:Bf 110
171:Bf 109
146:symbol
122:(Wasp)
62:Branch
53:
3982:Media
3368:[
1588:JG 76
1527:, I./
1502:Steyr
1486:Gotha
1474:JG 27
1472:with
1377:KG 26
1328:KG 40
1283:over
1248:P-40s
1209:Tunis
1185:JG 53
1181:JG 27
1179:from
1065:JG 51
930:MiG-3
902:ZG 26
898:NJG 4
793:Rhône
751:day,
731:near
675:near
663:sent
644:from
622:ZG 26
571:radar
461:rotte
453:Major
448:Major
420:ZG 76
357:Major
353:Major
286:Major
120:Wespe
3812:ISBN
3793:ISBN
3774:ISBN
3755:ISBN
3736:ISBN
3717:ISBN
3698:ISBN
3675:ISBN
3661:(2).
3637:ISBN
3618:ISBN
3599:ISBN
3576:ISBN
3554:ISBN
3535:ISBN
3509:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3471:ISBN
3452:ISBN
3433:ISBN
3414:ISBN
3393:ISSN
3374:ISBN
3351:ISBN
3332:ISBN
3313:ISBN
3294:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3256:ISBN
3237:ISBN
3218:ISBN
3199:ISBN
3180:ISBN
3161:ISBN
3142:ISBN
3120:ISBN
3098:ISBN
3079:ISBN
3060:ISBN
3041:ISBN
3018:ISBN
2999:ISBN
2982:ISSN
2963:ISBN
1576:JG 4
1492:and
1314:and
1290:Flax
1240:Sfax
1189:SG 2
1183:and
1167:and
1151:and
1120:JG 3
1099:and
1083:and
1069:SG 1
1060:KG 3
978:Baku
820:The
729:LG 1
685:JG 1
667:and
595:LG 2
565:and
539:dusk
507:KG 4
485:and
477:for
443:JG 1
424:LG 1
410:and
293:Damm
212:wing
108:Size
82:Role
72:Type
3925:144
3920:143
3910:141
3905:101
1702:II
1518:8.
1500:to
1455:3.
1413:2.
1338:as
1263:'s
1087:at
1079:at
988:of
968:in
956:'s
908:'s
832:of
761:DFC
585:at
575:RLM
379:in
374:1.
340:of
334:333
329:of
323:135
318:of
264:of
258:132
214:of
152:of
3997::
3900:76
3895:52
3659:44
3657:.
3597:.
3412:.
2742:^
2727:^
2712:^
2493:^
2478:^
2387:^
2300:^
2261:^
2246:^
1943:^
1796:^
1653:I
1488:,
1422:,
1303:,
1292:.
1219:.
920:.
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695:,
656:.
597:.
577:.
549:,
345:54
218:.
210:)
177:,
173:,
154:2N
3968::
3940::
3885:2
3880:1
3848:e
3841:t
3834:v
3820:.
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3763:.
3744:.
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3645:.
3626:.
3607:.
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3441:.
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3340:.
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3150:.
3128:.
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610:2
475:X
392:3
27:1
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