586:
497:
473:
485:
461:
379:
607:
283:
392:
63:
371:
45:
571:
2227:
537:). The special food of the larvae provides the toxic substances which then also go to the adults, making them unpalatable. The young caterpillars feed at first on flowers and young shoots, while after the second molt they feed on leaves. The pupae stay linked to a support by a silk belt for wintering and the new adults hatch the next spring.
625:, Article 1.3.4, names used only below the rank of subspecies do not enter into consideration in zoological nomenclature; infrasubspecific names do not have formally recognized authorship, and do not compete for priority or homonymy with names used for species or subspecies. Accordingly, all of the names used for "forms" of
31:
332:
T. polyxena Schiff. & Den. (= hypermnestra Scop.hypsipyle Fabr.). Light yellow, with spots and dentate lines , the hindwing bearing red submarginal spots. South Europe , from
Southern France to the Black Sea, and Asia Minor. — In ab. rumina Esp.). the black costal spots of the forewing bear red
450:
These rare butterflies can be found in warm, sunny and open places such as grassy herb-rich meadows, vineyards, river banks, wetlands, cultivated areas, brushy places, wasteland, rocky cliffs and karst terrains, at an elevation of from 0 to 1,700 metres above sea level but usually below 900 metres.
363:
Esp) (9f), however, is everywhere a rare aberration, the red colour of the purple spots being replaced by dark yellow. — In ab. bella Neub. the third costal spot is reduced. — The full-grown larva reddish yellow r black-brown, with pointed setiferous tubercles; in May and June on
Aristolochia,
512:
It is an early spring butterfly. Adults fly from April to June in a single brood. The adults are active for no more than three weeks. The females lay their eggs singly or in small groups at the bottom of the host plants. When found in the wild they prefer to live and lay their eggs in densely
2352:
Kükenthal, W. (Ed.), Handbuch der
Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology, Band 4: Arthropoda - 2. Hälfte: Insecta - Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, in Kristensen, N. P. (a cura di), Handbuch der Zoologie, Fischer, M. (Scientific Editor), Teilband/Part 35: Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and
333:
centres, also on the upperside, while usually such red dots are found only in some places of the underside. This form is not rare in some localities, for instance in the West of the Balcan
Peninsula. — Specimens in which the black colour is extended are known as ab.
337:
Hb. (= demnosia Frr., creusa Meig.) (9f); the proportional extent of black is, however, individually very variable. Such melanotic specimens occur everywhere singly as aberrations, but are found as the only form in some localities, for instance
Dalmatia. — ab.
513:
vegetated areas, and there is a positive correlation between number of leaves on the host plant and number of eggs laid by females. The eggs are spherical and whitish at first, bluish colored before hatching. The caterpillars feed on birthworts (mainly (
557:
342:
Stgr. (=polymnia Mill.) (9f) is the name of individuals in which the light yellow colour is replaced by a magnificent dark yellow. Also this form occurs everywhere among the ordinary form, but is in certain places especially plentiful. — ab.
290:
The southern festoon can reach a wingspan of 46–52 mm. The females have slightly longer wings, usually lighter colored than males. The basic color of the wings is yellow, with a complicated pattern of several black bands and spots.
364:
especially in moist and warm localities. The statement that the larva feeds also on
Quercus ilex is doubtless occasioned by an error of identification. The pupa is very slender, being yellowish grey, marked with brown.
2364:
Nazari, V., Sperling, F.A.H. 2007; Mitochondrial DNA divergence and phylogeography in western
Palaearctic Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae): how many species are there? Insect Syst Evol 38:121–138.
2346:
Dapporto, L., Speciation in
Mediterranean refugia and post-glacial expansion of Zerynthia polyxena (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., in press.doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00550.x
585:
496:
472:
2611:
2414:
2206:
2752:
484:
2673:
622:
460:
2367:
Scoble, M. J., The
Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity, 2nd ed., London, Oxford University Press & Natural History Museum, 2011 , pp. xi, 404,
2585:
324:
are up to 35 millimeters long. They are initially black, then they are yellowish with six rows of fleshy orange and black spikes all over the body.
1394:
2732:
2335:
Capinera, J. L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of
Entomology, 4 voll., 2nd Ed., Dordrecht, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2008, pp. lxiii + 4346,
2383:
2372:
2358:
2340:
400:
2747:
2406:
629:
listed below must be disregarded as having no nomenclatural standing whatsoever, even though many are presented with authors and dates.
294:
On the edges of the hindwings they have a black sinuous line with a series of blue and red warning spots to deter potential predators (
2637:
2546:
2101:
2295:
2475:
2423:
918:
378:
2742:
2243:
2660:
1102:
2411:
2737:
2494:
2564:
2678:
1700:
62:
2577:
1582:
232:
2378:
Stehr, F. W. (Ed.), Immature Insects, 2 vol., 2nd ed. Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1991 , pp. ix, 754,
527:
1246:
649:
515:
178:
2437:
533:
2642:
2499:
1973:
1660:
1597:
606:
543:
157:
124:
1421:
701:
1435:
759:
282:
2520:
1994:
521:
2727:
2178:
2088:
1722:
1666:
187:
57:
2616:
391:
2699:
2652:
2507:
2379:
2368:
2354:
2336:
2289:
2170:
2002:
1508:
2309:
2704:
2629:
370:
302:
44:
2271:"EGG DISTRIBUTION OF THE SOUTHERN FESTOON (ZERYNTHIA POLYXENA) (LEPIDOPTERA, PAPILIONIDAE)"
2686:
2418:
2147:
1379:
2222:
Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter
2572:
2559:
2217:
2174:
1706:
1066:
2349:
Higgins, L.G, Riley, N.D, 1970; A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe
2721:
2624:
2231:
1512:
645:
562:
174:
2512:
596:
271:
2401:
2396:
2320:
2665:
2598:
2469:
1848:
1450:
1328:
591:
577:
570:
295:
114:
1498:
1324:
632:
435:
2460:
298:). The body is dark brown and bears red patches on the sides of the abdomen.
2533:
2270:
1726:
1624:
267:
134:
94:
74:
556:
2551:
2691:
2486:
2454:
2269:
BATÁRY, P.; ÖRVÖSSY, N.; KŐRÖSI, Á.; PEREGOVITS, L. (November 21, 2008).
2076:
2063:
1945:
1941:
1919:
1840:
1730:
1651:
1350:
1112:
1108:
423:
404:
2353:
biogeography, Berlino, New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1999 , pp. x + 491,
2590:
2257:
2084:
2026:
1990:
1915:
1734:
1489:
1086:
1074:
431:
2603:
313:
and the relatively lower amount of red on its forewings compared with
301:
This species is rather similar to, and can be confused only with, the
2182:
2051:
2014:
1986:
1828:
1785:
1691:
1362:
1286:
1070:
427:
415:
104:
84:
2431:
317:. The ranges of these two species overlap only in southeast France.
309:). The differences are in the presence of blue on the hind wings of
30:
2538:
2080:
2039:
1961:
1949:
1885:
1860:
1802:
1789:
1679:
1366:
439:
419:
390:
377:
369:
281:
2230:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1998:
1864:
1844:
2525:
2435:
414:
is widespread in the middle and southern Europe (southeastern
2224:, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren)
442:. Although they are widespread they occur only locally.
2444:
2310:Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
2275:Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
623:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
8:
2308:Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili
2432:
43:
29:
20:
2321:ICZN Code: see Article 1.3.4 in Chapter 1
2202:
2200:
2196:
456:
2287:
2253:
2251:
401:Regional Park of Capanne di Marcarolo
7:
2578:a5ec6e71-917a-4579-90a7-de72505dbdab
407:), about 900 m. above sea level
2753:Taxa named by Ignaz Schiffermüller
2343:, LCCN 2008930112, OCLC 837039413.
1669:(Verity, 1950), cf. Eisner, 1974!)
1483:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra-clara
266:, is a butterfly belonging to the
14:
2397:Euro Butterflies by Matt Rowlings
2220:in Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1,
2225:
605:
584:
569:
555:
495:
483:
471:
459:
61:
2386:, LCCN 85081922, OCLC 13784377.
2375:, LCCN 92004297, OCLC 25282932.
1648:Nardelli & Hirschfeld, 2002
2476:Zerynthia (Zerynthia) polyxena
1891:Zerynthia polyxena microcreusa
1822:Zerynthia polyxena latevittata
1:
2733:Butterflies described in 1775
2294:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2020:Zerynthia polyxena reverdinii
1909:Zerynthia polyxena nemorensis
1631:Zerynthia polyxena catalonica
1618:Zerynthia polyxena catalonica
1604:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1590:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1575:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1563:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1551:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1531:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1519:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1495:Zerynthia polyxena castiliana
1335:Zerynthia polyxena cantabrica
1304:Zerynthia polyxena bosniensis
1292:Zerynthia polyxena bosniensis
1280:Zerynthia polyxena bosniensis
2057:Zerynthia polyxena taygetana
1879:Zerynthia polyxena michaelis
1870:Zerynthia polyxena macedonia
1673:Zerynthia polyxena decastroi
1645:Zerynthia polyxena caucasiae
1469:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1457:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1443:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1428:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1414:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1402:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1387:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1372:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1356:Zerynthia polyxena cassandra
1266:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1254:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1239:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1227:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1215:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1203:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1191:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1179:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1167:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1155:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1143:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1131:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1119:Zerynthia polyxena australis
1092:Zerynthia polyxena australis
2748:Taxa named by Michael Denis
2144:Zerynthia polyxena vipsania
2008:Zerynthia polyxena polymnia
1955:Zerynthia polyxena patrizii
1834:Zerynthia polyxena latiaris
1808:Zerynthia polyxena idaensis
1796:Zerynthia polyxena idaensis
1779:Zerynthia polyxena gracilis
1765:Zerynthia polyxena demnosia
1753:Zerynthia polyxena demnosia
1741:Zerynthia polyxena demnosia
1697:Zerynthia polyxena demnosia
1685:Zerynthia polyxena deminuta
1347:Sabariego et Martinez, 1991
1344:Zerynthia polyxena carmenae
1080:Zerynthia polyxena albanica
1060:Zerynthia polyxena aemiliae
1046:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
1034:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
1022:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
1010:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
998:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
986:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
974:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
962:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
950:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
938:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
926:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
911:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
899:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
887:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
875:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
863:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
851:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
839:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
827:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
815:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
803:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
791:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
767:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
745:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
733:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
721:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
709:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
694:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
682:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
670:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
658:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
641:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
248:Zerynthia polyxena polyxena
2769:
2135:Zerynthia polyxena tristis
1967:Zerynthia polyxena petheri
1065:in North Italy; Lombardy:
434:and reaching the south of
2159:, a secondary homonym of
2121:Zerynthia polyxena thesto
2109:Zerynthia polyxena thesto
2094:Zerynthia polyxena thesto
2070:Zerynthia polyxena thesto
2045:Zerynthia polyxena sontae
2033:Zerynthia polyxena silana
2025:in west and north Italy:
1935:Zerynthia polyxena padana
1900:Zerynthia polyxena minima
1854:Zerynthia polyxena linnea
1657:Zerynthia polyxena creusa
193:
186:
163:
156:
58:Scientific classification
56:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1980:Zerynthia polyxena petri
1926:Zerynthia polyxena nigra
1676:Sala & Bollino, 1992
1318:Zerynthia polyxena bryki
528:Aristolochia pistolochia
1210:Rothschild sensu Eisner
621:Under the rules of the
516:Aristolochia clematitis
2402:Schmetterling-raupe.de
1507:Mon) (Central Spain:
408:
383:
375:
287:
2743:Butterflies of Europe
2001:, lower Juzinyi Bug,
394:
381:
373:
285:
2573:Fauna Europaea (new)
617:Subspecies and forms
534:Aristolochia pallida
522:Aristolochia rotunda
328:Description in Seitz
320:The caterpillars of
213:Papilio hypermnestra
16:Species of butterfly
2738:Butterflies of Asia
1340:(Spain: Cantabrica)
635:and forms include:
430:) covering all the
2446:Zerynthia polyxena
2424:DK – Pocket Nature
2417:2020-02-17 at the
1903:Gerhardinger, 1951
1896:southern of France
548:Zerynthia polyxena
409:
384:
376:
288:
259:Zerynthia polyxena
240:Zerynthia polyxena
167:Zerynthia polyxena
2715:
2714:
2700:Open Tree of Life
2438:Taxon identifiers
2412:Catalogue of life
2384:978-0-8403-3702-3
2373:978-0-19-854952-9
2361:, OCLC 174380917.
2359:978-3-11-015704-8
2341:978-1-4020-6242-1
2165:
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2074:
2073:Fruhstorfer, 1908
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2023:Fruhstorfer, 1908
2012:
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1717:Schultz) (= ssp.
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221:Papilio hypsipyle
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197:Papilio cassandra
24:Southern festoon
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2407:Butterfly Corner
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2059:
2047:
2035:
2022:
2011:(Millière, 1880)
2010:
1982:
1969:
1957:
1940:in north Italy:
1937:
1928:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1881:
1872:
1856:
1839:in south Italy:
1836:
1824:
1814:
1798:
1781:
1772:Staudinger, 1861
1771:
1759:
1747:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1665:(central Italy:
1659:
1647:
1638:de Sagarra, 1930
1637:
1620:
1610:
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1570:de Sagarra, 1930
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374:Mounted specimen
264:southern festoon
242:
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169:
149:Z. polyxena
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2193:
2188:
2138:de Lattin, 1950
1621:de Sagarra 1930
1611:Neuburger, 1903
1538:Boisduval, 1832
1174:Staudfuss, 1896
1126:Neuburger, 1903
1107:(south France:
716:Cosmovici, 1892
689:Hoffmann], 1916
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2560:Fauna Europaea
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2391:External links
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2313:
2301:
2261:
2247:
2244:Fauna Europaea
2236:
2210:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2173:, nec Meigen,
2141:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2075:in south-west
2067:
2054:
2042:
2030:
2017:
2005:
1977:
1972:(south Spain:
1964:
1958:Nardelli, 1993
1952:
1932:
1923:
1912:(Verity, 1919)
1906:
1905:Spain: Toledo)
1897:
1888:
1882:Nardelli, 1993
1876:
1867:
1851:
1831:
1825:(Verity, 1919)
1819:
1818:
1817:
1793:
1792:, Karagja Dagh
1784:in north-east
1776:
1775:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1721:Eisner, 1974 (
1694:
1682:
1670:
1654:
1650:north west of
1642:
1641:
1640:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1601:
1587:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1528:
1492:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1440:
1425:
1411:
1399:
1384:
1353:
1341:
1338:Gomez-Bustille
1332:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1301:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1089:
1077:
1067:Massa Lombarda
1057:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
971:
959:
947:
945:Oberthür, 1879
935:
923:
908:
896:
884:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
798:Ronnicke, 1906
788:
764:
742:
730:
728:Hoffmann, 1916
718:
706:
691:
679:
667:
650:Schiffermüller
637:
618:
615:
604:
603:
590:
583:
582:
575:
568:
567:
561:
554:
553:
552:
542:
541:
540:
539:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
494:
492:
489:
482:
480:
477:
470:
468:
465:
458:
447:
444:
388:
385:
329:
326:
279:
276:
253:
252:
251:
250:
245:
237:
226:
218:
210:
205:Papilio creusa
202:
191:
190:
184:
183:
179:Schiffermüller
172:
161:
160:
154:
153:
146:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2765:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:public domain
2223:
2219:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2177:MS: polymnia
2176:
2172:
2169:
2164:Schultz, 1908
2162:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2066:, Peleponesos
2065:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2048:Sijaric, 1989
2046:
2043:
2041:
2036:Storace, 1962
2034:
2031:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:Sierra Nevada
1968:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1929:Sijaric, 1989
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:Stichel, 1907
1835:
1832:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1782:Schultz, 1908
1780:
1777:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:transcastilia
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1359:(Geyer, 1828)
1357:
1354:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1135:paucipunctata
1132:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1095:(Esper, 1780)
1093:
1090:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:Schultz, 1908
1015:
1011:
1008:
1003:
999:
996:
991:
987:
984:
979:
975:
972:
967:
963:
960:
955:
951:
948:
943:
939:
936:
933:Schultz, 1908
931:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:
906:Zullich, 1928
904:
900:
897:
894:Zelezny, 1917
892:
888:
885:
880:
876:
873:
870:Schultz, 1908
868:
864:
861:
858:Schultz, 1908
856:
852:
849:
846:Schultz, 1908
844:
840:
837:
834:Zelezny, 1915
832:
828:
825:
822:Zelezny, 1915
820:
819:nigromaculata
816:
813:
810:Zelezny, 1915
808:
804:
801:
796:
792:
789:
786:
779:
772:
768:
765:
761:
757:
752:Schultz, 1908
750:
746:
743:
740:Zelezny, 1916
738:
734:
731:
726:
722:
719:
714:
710:
707:
703:
699:
695:
692:
687:
683:
680:
677:Schultz, 1908
675:
671:
668:
665:Schultz, 1908
663:
659:
656:
655:
651:
647:
642:
639:
638:
636:
634:
630:
628:
624:
616:
608:
599:
598:
593:
587:
579:
572:
564:
558:
549:
545:
538:
536:
535:
530:
529:
524:
523:
518:
517:
507:
502:Female bottom
498:
493:
486:
481:
474:
469:
462:
457:
455:
452:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
406:
402:
398:
393:
386:
380:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:flavomaculata
346:
341:
336:
327:
325:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
292:
284:
277:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:
249:
246:
241:
238:
234:
230:
227:
224:Schulze, 1776
222:
219:
216:Scopoli, 1763
214:
211:
206:
203:
198:
195:
194:
192:
189:
185:
180:
176:
170:
168:
162:
159:
158:Binomial name
155:
151:
150:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
52:Lateral view
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2445:
2428:
2330:Bibliography
2316:
2304:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:
2264:
2258:Tree of Life
2239:
2221:
2213:
2167:
2160:
2157:Verity, 1919
2153:
2143:
2134:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2097:
2093:
2069:
2056:
2044:
2032:
2019:
2007:
1983:(Bryk, 1932)
1979:
1966:
1954:
1934:
1925:
1908:
1899:
1894:Verity, 1947
1890:
1878:
1875:in Macedonia
1873:Eisner, 1974
1869:
1857:(Bryk, 1932)
1853:
1849:Monti Albani
1833:
1821:
1811:
1807:
1799:Eisner, 1974
1795:
1778:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1696:
1690:southern of
1688:Verity, 1947
1684:
1672:
1656:
1644:
1634:
1630:
1617:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1589:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1558:Verity, 1906
1554:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1504:
1494:
1486:Verity, 1947
1482:
1476:Verity, 1947
1472:
1468:
1464:Verity, 1947
1460:
1456:
1446:
1442:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1390:
1386:
1375:
1371:
1355:
1343:
1334:
1321:Eisner, 1954
1317:
1311:Zelzny, 1915
1307:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:Eisner, 1974
1279:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1222:Eisner, 1954
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1186:Eisner, 1954
1182:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1103:Hoffmannsegg
1098:
1091:
1083:Riemel, 1927
1079:
1059:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
977:
973:
965:
961:
953:
949:
941:
937:
929:
925:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
882:Begrer, 1919
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
802:
794:
790:
784:
777:
770:
766:
755:
748:
744:
736:
732:
725:meridionalis
724:
720:
712:
708:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
657:
640:
631:
626:
620:
597:Aristolochia
595:
547:
532:
526:
520:
514:
511:
453:
449:
411:
410:
396:
387:Distribution
382:Illustration
366:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
334:
331:
321:
319:
314:
310:
306:
300:
293:
289:
272:Papilionidae
263:
258:
257:
256:
247:
239:
228:
220:
212:
208:Meigen, 1829
204:
196:
166:
164:
148:
147:
135:
125:Papilionidae
38:Dorsal view
18:
2599:iNaturalist
2470:Wikispecies
2161:latevittata
2154:latevittata
2062:in Greece:
2060:Rosen, 1929
2013:in Greece:
1991:Ukrainskaja
1970:Romei, 1927
1938:Rocci, 1929
1815:Linne, 1758
1667:Ventimiglia
1635:semitristis
1579:ornatissima
1567:semitristis
1535:honnorathii
1523:derubescens
1461:microcreusa
1329:Herzegovina
1243:honnerathii
1183:unipunctata
1099:medesicaste
1063:Rocci, 1929
1050:irregularis
903:derubescens
867:lateviltata
831:unimaculata
737:tripunctata
627:Z. polyxena
592:Caterpillar
578:caterpillar
478:Male bottom
412:Z. polyxena
397:Z. polyxena
395:Habitat of
322:Z. polyxena
311:Z. polyxena
296:aposematism
286:Dorsal view
278:Description
200:Geyer, 1828
115:Lepidoptera
2722:Categories
2653:ZerynPolyx
2191:References
2116:Bryk, 1991
1914:in Italy:
1760:Rothschild
1513:Albarracín
1395:Rothschild
1380:Staudinger
1325:Montenegro
1195:minusculus
1041:Rothschild
843:demaculata
774:Bryk, 1921
713:bipunctata
633:Subspecies
544:Life cycle
436:Kazakhstan
95:Arthropoda
2728:Zerynthia
2280:March 20,
2218:Seitz. A.
2181:, 1906, (
2140:in Turkey
2125:cellopura
2098:rufescens
1931:in Bosnia
1727:Thessalia
1723:Macedonia
1719:macedonia
1715:thusnelda
1713:Riemel],
1625:Catalonia
1594:nigricans
1542:henrietta
1422:Neuburger
1361:in south
1258:albescens
1247:Boisduval
1171:hartmanni
1138:Neuburger
990:basinigra
978:cellopura
942:rufescens
855:confluens
795:springeri
702:Neuburger
654:in Italy
355:Oberth.,
353:rufescens
351:Schilde,
347:Meig. (=
335:cassandra
315:Z. rumina
307:Z. rumina
268:butterfly
143:Species:
136:Zerynthia
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
2650:MaBENA:
2638:LepIndex
2617:10770750
2484:BioLib:
2455:Wikidata
2415:Archived
2290:cite web
2207:Funet.fi
2113:muelleri
2102:Oberthür
2087:, lower
2079:: lower
2077:U.S.S.R.
2064:Taygetus
1989:, south
1946:Lombardy
1942:Piedmont
1841:Calabria
1769:ochracea
1745:quincunx
1731:Dalmatia
1711:albanica
1652:Caucasus
1623:(Spain:
1583:Blachier
1509:Castilia
1473:deminuta
1447:quincunx
1409:Pionneau
1406:inornata
1376:ochracea
1365:, north
1351:Bulgaria
1296:ochracea
1231:quincunx
1162:Schultez
1113:Pyrenees
1109:Provence
1002:quincunx
966:ochracea
879:fasciata
785:muelleri
783:, recte
771:muelleri
662:punctata
438:and the
424:Slovakia
405:Piedmont
340:ochracea
243:D., 1775
233:Fabricus
188:Synonyms
121:Family:
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
2591:5141262
2461:Q913469
2148:Hemming
2085:Saratow
2027:Liguria
1995:Cherson
1920:Firenze
1916:Toscana
1757:vitrina
1735:Albania
1598:Holland
1555:tristis
1545:Timmins
1526:Schultz
1490:Croatia
1436:Železný
1432:reducta
1391:vitrina
1308:reducta
1270:binaria
1207:vitrina
1147:tristis
1111:- east
1087:Albania
1075:Livorno
1053:Holland
1038:vitrina
930:subalba
807:reducta
778:mulleri
652:, 1775)
600:species
508:Biology
446:Habitat
432:Balkans
270:family
181:, 1775)
131:Genus:
111:Order:
105:Insecta
101:Class:
2705:955304
2679:330376
2643:172405
2630:174351
2604:333217
2565:440682
2539:ZERYPO
2526:131968
2500:149041
2382:
2371:
2357:
2339:
2183:Sicily
2179:Ragusa
2168:creusa
2150:, 1941
2128:Eisner
2104:, 1879
2052:Serbia
2015:Euboea
1987:Greece
1829:Sicily
1812:rumina
1786:Turkey
1748:Eisner
1703:, 1833
1701:Freyer
1692:France
1663:, 1829
1661:Meigen
1608:alicea
1585:, 1908
1501:, 1892
1451:Eisner
1438:, 1915
1397:, 1918
1382:, 1861
1363:France
1331:border
1287:Bosnia
1273:Eisner
1261:Eisner
1249:, 1832
1234:Eisner
1219:aperta
1198:Eisner
1159:divisa
1150:Verity
1123:alicea
1071:Modena
1029:Eisner
1026:ornata
1014:divisa
1005:Eisner
993:Eisner
981:Eisner
957:Meigen
921:, 1805
891:skalae
760:Tomala
756:kreusa
704:, 1903
674:marpha
648:&
576:Young
490:Female
428:Greece
416:France
357:rumina
262:, the
235:, 1777
177:&
2692:79713
2612:IRMNG
2547:EUNIS
2513:5D386
2487:51284
2081:Volga
2040:Italy
1962:Italy
1950:Turin
1886:Italy
1861:Italy
1803:Crete
1790:Brusa
1709:MS) (
1680:Italy
1418:bella
1367:Italy
919:Esper
698:bella
686:rubra
646:Denis
440:Urals
420:Italy
175:Denis
2674:NCBI
2625:IUCN
2586:GBIF
2534:EPPO
2495:BOLD
2380:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2355:ISBN
2337:ISBN
2296:link
2282:2023
2175:Dahl
2171:Mann
2003:Krim
1999:Kiev
1865:Elba
1845:Rome
1707:Dahl
1499:Ruhl
954:meta
915:alba
781:Bryk
749:nora
563:Eggs
466:Male
426:and
361:alba
345:meta
2661:NBN
2552:380
2521:EoL
2508:CoL
2123:f.
2111:f.
2096:f.
2089:Don
2050:in
2038:in
1985:in
1960:in
1884:in
1859:in
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1193:f.
1181:f.
1169:f.
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1036:f.
1024:f.
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1000:f.
988:f.
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952:f.
940:f.
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901:f.
889:f.
877:f.
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793:f.
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735:f.
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696:f.
684:f.
672:f.
660:f.
594:on
546:of
359:,
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2288:{{
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