664:, had reached Ehden travelling along the route of Damascus-Bekaa Valley-Dahr al-Kadib-the cedars. They were transporting funds to Sultan Salim I who was in Egypt. They were welcomed as guests by Sheikh Iskandar, whilst other members of their travelling entourage were guests of the people of Ehden. Heavy snowfall and extremely freezing conditions that lasted two full days prompted them to stay five days in Ehden where Sheikh Iskandar and Bishop Keryakos Douaihy, the local bishop, provided for their guests great hospitality, generosity and kindness. Responding to a request by their guests, the people of Ehden endeavoured to clear the heavy snow off the road as far as Hayrouna Valley overlooking the coast, accompanying their guests to safety where they made their farewells to them with fitting accolades.
672:. At the request of Sheikh Iskander he agreed to provide the people with a place to live away from the harsh winter conditions, which they faced in Ehden. Al-Ghazali readily agreed to this request. Accompanied by his officials, Sheikh Iskandar went with Bishop El Douaihy to choose a suitable place in the Al-Zawiyi region. They chose a derelict farm, containing a few demolished houses and a tower in the middle, situated between the rivers Joueit and Rashein. Al-Ghazali, on the return of his officials with the measurements of the site, promised to obtain a "Shahani
62:
759:" pants along with long boots and topped by headband reflecting enormous heroism. Zgharta is a small village surrounded by an enclosure, and has a fortress beside the church of Virgin Mary. Zgharta used to be a drawn line between danger and worship, situated between Tripoli and the mountain. It would receive initial attacking strikes, then reply by returning those strikes, hitting the hearts of their enemy. Its people have therefore been renowned and recognised as excellent fighters"
78:
1939:
800:
Syriac and Arabic, before they gradually disappeared even among those in charge of the
Maronite Church, who lost the books of Maronite prayers and Masses from its Syriac language until it became restricted to schools and seminaries and theological institutes. Residents of some villages in Mount Lebanon still speak Arabic with a Syriac accent, clinging to it and maintaining it because it is synonymous with their identity.
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Some eight months later, in 1517, the "Shahani firman" was granted, but it was addressed to Sheikh
Iskandar. Having collected the firman in Damascus and returning to Ehden the people there were aggrieved that the firman was addressed solely to Sheikh Iskandar, fearing that he and his relations could
765:
The town of
Zgharta was divided into five sectors in 1932: Saydeh Sharki (the area to the east side of Notre-Dame of Zgharta church), Saydeh Gherbi (west of the Church), Slayeb Shemali (northern side of the crossroads), Slayeb Janoubi (southern side of the crossroads) and Maaser. To be a citizen of
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and its coast and those who abandoned this language. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Saint Joseph School in
Zgharta attested to this and the other schools in Ehden, which taught the Syriac language in addition to the Arabic and French languages. The prayers and Masses were held in
667:
In April 1516, Bishop El
Douaihy and Sheikh Iskandar received a letter from Al-Ghazali, saying on being told by his minister, Sinan Pasha of their and peoples hospitality and assistance, Sultan Salim I asked that he rewarded them which he promised the Sultan he would. On his return to Damascus,
509:
Various explanations have been given as to the meaning of
Zgharta. The majority are of the opinion that it relates to meanings relating to fortresses, citadels, barricades and the like. One writer has suggested that it derived from the Aramaic word "zaghar" meaning fortress. They also have been
1124:
range in a not-too-hilly but very fertile agricultural area, mainly due to the rivers that flow through it. Olives, oranges and lettuce were the main and historical crops grown in the area for centuries. Today, a variety of crops are grown: avocados, strawberries, kale, cabbage being the most
794:
Zgharta, whose general population did not speak Arabic until the end of the nineteenth century, transferred some of the Syriac terminology as well as signs of movement and incorporated them into the Arabic language that they now speak due to the necessity of communicating with the rest of the
770:
364:(Qadaa' Zgharta). Zgharta is closely related to the mountain town of Ehden, essentially sharing the same population. Each summer, most of the people in Zgharta move to spend their summer in Ehden; this is reversed in winter when Ehden is practically deserted. Zghartawis speak the
434:
Traditionally, agriculture was a large portion of the local economy, with olives grown for olive-oil around
Zgharta and apple orchards around Ehden. Recently, the service (especially tourism and leisure) and manufacturing sectors have seen significant growth.
680:
claim sole ownership. Bishop El
Douaihy, representing the people, put this to Sheikh Iskandar and as a result he declared at the Mar Mama church that the given land known as "Zgharta would be distributed equally between the people of Ehden".
754:
In 1602, Father Ghodar, a Jesuit priest to
Zgharta recorded: "Zgharta represents a horrific nightmare for its enemy. Its youth is dressed in traditional clothing; white shirts decorated with yellow stitched embroidery, strongly tied
546:
There is some evidence that the area of
Zgharta was later inhabited in 200 BC and that in the 2nd and 3rd centuries there were already fortifications. Its present-day existence and its close association with the village of
644:
language, which belonged to Romanos Afandi Yammine, son of Father George Yammine, and is now held by his grandson Youssef Boutros Romanos Yammine. It describes how people of Ehden had acquired "the farmland of Zgharta":
782:
Zghartaouis are instantly recognizable by their distinct accent. Among the well-informed and knowledgeable, the Zaghartoui dialect is rich in the Syriac spirit. Speakers of the Western Syriac language respect the
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Zgharta is situated at an altitude of around 120m above sea level. The main and old city of Zgharta is situated between the two rivers of Rachiine and Jouit which merge forming the
431:
who led a rebellion against Turkish rule. Political power in Zgharta district is dominated by a few rival families from the town: the Karam, Frangieh, Douaihy, Moawad and Makary.
1476:
Wetzel, R. & Haller, J., Le Quaternaire de la région de Tripoli. Notes et Mémoires de la Délégation Génerale de France au Liban. Section Géologique, No. 4., Beirut, 1945.
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Another later visitor in 1831 records that "From Tripoli I left for Zgharta, which is two hours away. Its land is full of olive, mulberry, vines, apricot and lemon trees"
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423:– Gregorios Of Ehden, David Of Ehden, Jeremiah of Amshit (1199-1230), Youhanna Makhlouf (1609-1633), George Omaira (1634-1644),
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1218:"City of Zgharta unveils artwork with name in Syriac. Calls for official recognition of the Syriac language in Lebanon"
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Zgharta is about 150 metres above sea level and lies between the rivers of Jouit and Rashein. It is 23 kilometres from
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820:), with very wet winters and very dry summers. About 1,053 mm (41.46 in) of precipitation falls annually.
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flints and double-headed axes found in the area that are documented by R. Wetzel and J. Haller in 1945.
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419:(current MP) and Youssef Bahha El Douaihy. Ehden also produced at least four patriarchs of the
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Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 89
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around Zgharta was likely inhabited from at least the beginning of the
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1438:"Local economic development via urbanism lever: The case of Lebanon"
353:. Its history and people are closely associated with the village of
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1353:"The official results of the 2018 Lebanese parliamentary election"
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Zgharta, one is to be registered in one of these five sectors.
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The story of that beginning is recorded in a manuscript in the
357:. Most of the citizens of Zgharta have summer houses in Ehden.
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Aerial view of main street in Zgharta (Tripoli-Zgharta Road)
326:. Zgharta is officially the Zgharta-Ehden municipality.
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Patriarch Estephan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
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President Sleiman Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
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Al-Ghazali invited the people of Ehden to meet him in
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Bishop Keryakos Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
427:(1670-1704) – and an Ottoman era nationalist leader
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Zghartawi (local), Zghortiote, Zghortan, Zghartaouis
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President René Mouawad on Ehden Family Tree website
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1511:Sheikh Iskandar Saade on Ehden Family Tree website
1120:Zgharta is situated at the steps of the Northern
1392:Jawad Boulos Makary on Ehden Family Tree website
1303:Rvd. Semaan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
368:dialect with a distinctive accent, the original
1561:Zgharta On Google Maps Street View By Paul Saad
1425:Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website
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1336:Estephan Douaihy on Ehden Family Tree website
1314:Sleiman Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
8:
1370:Salim Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website
40:
1403:Michel Mouawad on Ehden Family Tree website
1292:Hamid Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
722:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
593:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
477:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1381:Tony Frangieh on Ehden Family Tree website
1325:Nayla Mouawad on Ehden Family Tree website
1281:Youssef Karam on Ehden Family Tree website
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2114:Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon
2104:Populated places in the North Governorate
742:Learn how and when to remove this message
613:Learn how and when to remove this message
497:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:, 11 kilometres from the coastal city of
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648:On the eve of the 24th of January 1515,
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1113:which then passes through the city of
360:It is the seat and the capital of the
337:, 88.7 kilometres from the capital of
345:, and 82 kilometres from the nearest
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47:Zghorta, Zgharta-Ehden (municipality)
7:
720:adding citations to reliable sources
591:adding citations to reliable sources
475:adding citations to reliable sources
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539:as evidenced by some large, heavy
387:, and many prominent politicians:
30:City in North Governorate, Lebanon
27:City in North Governorate, Lebanon
25:
1486:L. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966).
510:saying that Zgharta was named by
206:1.0 sq mi (2.6 km)
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1236:"Municipality of Zgharta Ehden"
1224:. Syriacpress. 24 October 2021.
407:, Estephan El Douaihy (ex-MP),
214:−440 ft (120 - 170 m)
84:
555:The founding of modern Zgharta
1:
818:Köppen climate classification
773:Indian troops in Zgharta 1942
415:(current MP), Jawad Boulos,
397:Historian Jawad Boulos Makary
1551:Youssef Bey Karam Foundation
946:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
876:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
551:began in the 16th century.
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1546:Zgharta Ehden Municipality
1240:Municipality Zgharta Ehden
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1532:كتاب زغرتا تاريخ من تاريخ
1457:10.22034/saues.2018.02.01
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827:Climate data for Zgharta
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810:hot-summer Mediterranean
2041:Rvd. Seemaan El Douaihy
2050:Suleiman Frangieh, Jr.
1942:
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1941:
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399:, Semaan El Douaihy,
377:Presidents of Lebanon
271: • Summer (
1987:History of Kfarsghab
1961:Monastery of Qozhaya
1436:Sfeir, Nagi (2018).
716:improve this section
587:improve this section
533:Neolithic Revolution
471:improve this section
401:Suleiman Frangieh Jr
238:~40,000 (incl. city)
2059:Estephan El Douaihy
2037:Youssef Salim Karam
2009:Estephan El Douaihy
1580: /
1150:Youssef Salim Karam
425:Estephan El Douaihy
389:Youssef Salim Karam
121: /
97:Location in Lebanon
1943:
1657:Towns and villages
1492:. Impr. Catholique
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660:, the minister of
652:, the governor of
638:
203: • Urban
190: • Mayor
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2019:Suleiman Frangieh
2014:Youssef Bey Karam
1966:Mar Sarkis, Ehden
1949:Notable landmarks
1869:Mazraat Al Toufah
1638:North Governorate
1584:34.400°N 35.900°E
1556:Ehden Family Tree
1145:Youssef Bey Karam
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381:Suleiman Frangieh
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224: • City
167:North Governorate
125:34.400°N 35.900°E
16:(Redirected from
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2109:Zgharta District
2078:Youakim Moubarac
1634:Zgharta District
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362:Zgharta District
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732:September 2017
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662:Sultan Selim I
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603:September 2017
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393:Hamid Frangieh
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2063:Tony Frangieh
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2015:
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1971:Iaal Fortress
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1734:Bhairet Toula
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1684:Arbet Kozhaya
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1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:Mount Lebanon
1118:
1116:
1112:
1111:Abu Ali River
1104:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1018:precipitation
1014:
1008:
1003:
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993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
944:
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933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
874:
830:
825:
821:
819:
815:
811:
803:
801:
798:
797:Mount Lebanon
795:residents of
792:
790:
786:
777:
771:
767:
763:
760:
758:
746:
743:
735:
725:
721:
717:
711:
710:
706:
701:This section
699:
695:
690:
689:
684:Later history
683:
681:
677:
675:
671:
665:
663:
659:
656:, along with
655:
651:
646:
643:
635:
631:
627:
617:
614:
606:
596:
592:
588:
582:
581:
577:
572:This section
570:
566:
561:
560:
554:
552:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
522:
517:
515:
513:
501:
498:
490:
480:
476:
472:
466:
465:
461:
456:This section
454:
450:
445:
444:
438:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Michel Moawad
414:
413:Tony Frangieh
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
320:North Lebanon
317:
309:
301:
297:
288:
286:
278:
274:
264:
260:
257:
255:
247:
245:
237:
235:
232: •
226:
213:
205:
192:
180:
177:
175:
168:
165:
163:
156:
145:
143:
134:
106:Coordinates:
79:
63:
51:
34:
19:
2068:Jawad Boulos
2045:Nayla Moawad
1928:
1779:Harf Miziara
1648:
1647:
1565:
1528:
1517:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1488:
1481:
1472:
1461:the original
1448:
1444:
1431:
1420:
1409:
1398:
1387:
1376:
1365:
1356:
1331:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1254:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1140:Odette Kaddo
1119:
1108:
1096:Climate data
1020:mm (inches)
813:
807:
793:
781:
764:
761:
753:
738:
729:
714:Please help
702:
678:
666:
647:
639:
609:
600:
585:Please help
573:
545:
526:
508:
493:
484:
469:Please help
457:
433:
405:Nayla Moawad
374:
359:
328:
315:
295:
294:
2024:René Moawad
1844:Kfarshakhna
1587: /
791:) origins.
658:Sinan Pasha
632:in winter (
385:René Moawad
162:Governorate
128: /
2098:Categories
2007:Patriarch
1854:Kfaryachit
1824:Kfardlakos
1819:Karmsaddeh
1814:Karahbache
1774:Harf Ardeh
1724:Beit Obeid
1719:Beit Awkar
1669:Aintourine
1357:the961.com
1245:2023-03-25
1204:References
1165:Jean Obeid
789:Phoenician
650:Al-Ghazali
244:Demonym(s)
219:Population
185:Government
1859:Kfarzeina
1839:Kfarsghab
1834:Kfarhawra
1714:Bchennine
1709:Basloukit
1646:Capital:
1125:popular.
1105:Geography
785:Canaanite
703:does not
574:does not
541:Neolithic
487:July 2018
458:does not
439:Etymology
285:Area code
254:Time zone
211:Elevation
1904:Rachiine
1879:Mejdlaya
1849:Kfarhata
1794:Houmeiss
1764:Fraydiss
1171:See also
1090:Source:
1016:Average
654:Damascus
366:Lebanese
174:District
1980:History
1929:Zgharta
1909:Raskifa
1889:Miziara
1884:Miriata
1829:Kfarfou
1809:Kadrieh
1804:Jdaydeh
1739:Bnachii
1729:Besbeel
1694:Ashashe
1649:Zgharta
1575:35°54′E
1572:34°24′N
1496:3 March
1115:Tripoli
1085:(41.5)
1011:(52.1)
1006:(43.0)
1001:(49.3)
996:(56.1)
991:(61.0)
986:(65.1)
981:(63.9)
976:(60.6)
971:(54.9)
966:(48.6)
961:(43.2)
956:(40.3)
951:(39.4)
941:(71.1)
936:(58.3)
931:(66.7)
926:(76.6)
921:(82.9)
916:(87.3)
911:(86.4)
906:(82.8)
901:(76.1)
896:(68.2)
891:(59.7)
886:(54.9)
881:(53.8)
816:in the
804:Climate
757:sherwal
724:removed
709:sources
670:Tripoli
595:removed
580:sources
535:by the
518:History
479:removed
464:sources
351:Tartous
339:Lebanon
335:Tripoli
324:Tripoli
316:Zghorta
296:Zgharta
227:~30,000
155:Lebanon
142:Country
116:35°54′E
113:34°24′N
91:Zgharta
37:Zgharta
18:Zghorta
1919:Sereel
1914:Sebhel
1894:Sakhra
1749:Daraya
1744:Bousit
1704:Asnoun
1699:Aslout
1664:Aarjes
1080:(7.7)
1075:(4.4)
1070:(1.7)
1065:(0.4)
1060:(0.1)
1055:(0.0)
1050:(0.1)
1045:(1.1)
1040:(2.9)
1035:(6.5)
1030:(7.4)
1025:(9.2)
832:Month
778:Accent
674:firman
642:Syriac
370:Syriac
349:city,
347:Syrian
343:Beirut
300:Arabic
289:+961 6
152:
1924:Toula
1789:Hilan
1784:Hawqa
1759:Ejbeh
1754:Ehden
1689:Ardeh
1674:Aitou
1464:(PDF)
1451:(2).
1441:(PDF)
1193:Ehden
1083:1,053
871:Year
630:Ehden
549:Ehden
355:Ehden
331:Ehden
312:ܙܓܪܬܐ
304:زغرتا
259:UTC+2
234:Metro
42:زغرتا
1799:Iaal
1679:Alma
1498:2011
1117:.
1009:11.2
994:13.4
989:16.1
984:18.4
979:17.7
974:15.9
969:12.7
939:21.7
934:14.6
929:19.3
924:24.8
919:28.3
914:30.7
909:30.2
904:28.2
899:24.5
894:20.1
889:15.4
884:12.7
879:12.1
868:Dec
865:Nov
862:Oct
859:Sep
856:Aug
853:Jul
850:Jun
847:May
844:Apr
841:Mar
838:Feb
835:Jan
707:any
705:cite
578:any
576:cite
527:The
462:any
460:cite
383:and
198:Area
54:City
1453:doi
1078:195
1073:112
1033:164
1028:187
1023:234
1004:6.1
999:9.6
964:9.2
959:6.2
954:4.6
949:4.1
814:Csa
718:by
589:by
473:by
273:DST
263:EET
2100::
1636:,
1447:.
1443:.
1355:.
1342:^
1238:.
1220:.
1094:,
1068:43
1063:11
1043:29
1038:73
411:,
403:,
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391:,
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310::
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610:(
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485:(
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298:(
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265:)
261:(
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