565:
66:
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Zhang proclaimed that "the victory of Japan and the defeat of Russia are the victory of constitutionalism and the defeat of monarchism". In 1909, he was elected the chairman of
Jiangsu provincial assembly. He refused the membership of the Friends of the Constitution, and acted as a buffer against the
521:
province in 1853. He initially served as a staff member under the general Wu
Changqing. After Wu's death, he returned to his hometown where he studied agriculture while preparing for further examinations. In 1894, he achieved the highest score in the Palace Examination, earning the prestigious title
535:
Zhang was obliged to return to his hometown for mourning his father in the same year. After the First Sino-Japanese War, he ventured into investing in and establishing modern enterprises. He later founded Dah Sun Cotton Mill in
Nantong, financed by both the imperial court and local merchants.
536:
Additionally, he diversified into land reclamation, river conservancy, and modern education, especially in the northern
Jiangsu. It is generally accepted that Zhang is a successful entrepreneur, however, some financial improprieties led Dah Sun to an insolvent liquidation in the 1920s.
572:
Zhang was among the pioneers of the
Chinese modernization. Aside from companies and factories, he also founded the first normal school in modern China, Tongzhou Normal College in 1902 and established
1025:
549:
1005:
1000:
576:, the first museum in Mainland China in 1905. He remoulded the infrastructure of Nantong and made it became a template for earlier urban development in China.
1010:
552:
in
Nanjing, but did not take the office actually. In 1913, Zhang became the Minister of Industry and Commerce and Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in
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595:
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339:
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active constitutionalists. But in the end of 1911, his thought swung in the republican's favour. Then he drafted the original
490:
393:
505:
Se'an (啬庵), was a
Chinese entrepreneur, politician and educator. He is known as a "new gentry" and official-entrepreneur.
409:
762:"Female Hands: Embroidery as a Knowledge Field in Women's Everyday Life in Late Imperial and Early Republican China"
601:
349:
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667:] (in Chinese). Vol. 28. Encyclopedia of China Publishing House. 2009. pp. 46–7.
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cites Zhang as an example of a patriotic entrepreneur whose example should be followed.
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564:
548:. He was appointed as the Minister of Enterprise of the temporary government of the
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The
Cambridge History of China, Vol. 11: Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, Part 2
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219:
Minister of
Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce of the Qing Dynasty
563:
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238:
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In his statements that private companies must serve the state,
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Mao and markets the communist roots of
Chinese enterprise
27:
Chinese entrepreneur, politician and educator (1853–1926)
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Claypool, Lisa. Zhang Jian and China's First Museum.
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1026:Political office-holders in the Republic of China
641:Reformer in Modern China: Chang Chien, 1853–1926
579:The institutes founded or funded by Zhang Jian:
77:Minister of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce
414:
398:
8:
886:Marquis, Christopher; Qiao, Kunyuan (2022).
643:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965.
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735:
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711:
699:
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425:
64:
46:
596:Nantong Middle School of Jiangsu Province
652:
1006:Progressive Party (China) politicians
375:entrepreneur, politician and educator
7:
1001:Republican Party (China) politicians
1011:19th-century Chinese businesspeople
665:Encyclopedia of China (2nd Edition)
230:1 July 1911 – 12 July 1912
88:December 1913 – April 1915
184:September – December 1913
138:September – December 1913
25:
1021:Qing dynasty government officials
528:. Subsequently, he served at the
173:Minister of Industry and Commerce
497:; 1 July 1853– 24 August 1926),
996:Unity Party (China) politicians
793:. Vol. 4. pp. 144–6.
938:. Cambridge University Press.
494:
461:
447:
415:
399:
1:
57:
815:"筚路蓝缕："公立"复旦公学的创办_校史通讯_复旦大学"
791:Encyclopedia of Modern China
327:, Jiangsu, Republic of China
1016:Businesspeople from Jiangsu
960:. Oxford University Press.
890:. Kunyuan Qiao. New Haven:
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602:Shanghai Ocean University
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634:Journal of Asian Studies
394:Traditional Chinese
1031:Qing dynasty zhuangyuan
748:Fairbank & Liu 1980
736:Fairbank & Liu 1980
724:Fairbank & Liu 1980
712:Fairbank & Liu 1980
700:Fairbank & Liu 1980
688:Fairbank & Liu 1980
410:Simplified Chinese
127:Minister of Agriculture
18:Zhang Jian (politician)
636:64, 3 (2005): 567–604.
569:
550:Provisional Government
892:Yale University Press
567:
789:Pong, David (2009).
568:Statue of Zhang Jian
366:Imperial examination
954:Hsu, Immanuel C. Y.
769:Late Imperial China
542:Edict of Abdication
276:(next: Li Shengduo)
584:Nantong University
570:
554:Beiyang Government
513:Zhang was born in
213:position abolished
167:position abolished
958:The Rise of China
945:978-0-521-22029-3
928:Fairbank, John K.
901:978-0-300-26883-6
819:news.fudan.edu.cn
800:978-0-684-31566-9
750:, pp. 517–8.
714:, pp. 455–9.
674:978-7-500-07958-3
639:Chu, Samuel C. .
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483:
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435:Standard Mandarin
350:Progressive Party
340:Republic of China
16:(Redirected from
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661:中国大百科全书（第二版）
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578:
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560:Achievements
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512:
501:Jizhi (季直),
486:
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442:Hanyu Pinyin
388:Chinese name
359:
320:(1926-08-24)
272:
268:Succeeded by
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212:
208:Succeeded by
202:Xiang Ruikun
192:Xiong Xiling
179:
166:
162:Succeeded by
156:Luo Zhenfang
146:Xiong Xiling
133:
116:Succeeded by
108:
97:Xiong Xiling
83:
39:
32:Chinese name
991:1926 deaths
986:1853 births
462:Chang Chien
336:Qing Empire
332:Nationality
301:1 July 1853
258:Preceded by
251:Yuan Shikai
198:Preceded by
152:Preceded by
104:Preceded by
36:family name
980:Categories
920:References
910:1348572572
872:2018-05-28
848:2018-05-28
824:2018-05-28
621:Xi Jinping
525:zhuangyuan
487:Zhang Jian
456:Wade–Giles
448:Zhāng Jiǎn
372:Occupation
361:zhuangyuan
297:1853-07-01
51:Zhang Jian
509:Biography
356:Education
226:In office
180:In office
134:In office
121:Zhou Ziqi
84:In office
956:(2000).
934:(1980).
774:31 March
517:county,
503:art name
30:In this
519:Jiangsu
491:Chinese
364:in the
325:Nantong
308:Jiangsu
235:Monarch
189:Premier
143:Premier
93:Premier
964:
942:
908:
898:
863:"学校简介"
839:"学校简介"
797:
671:
615:Legacy
610:(1915)
604:(1912)
598:(1909)
592:(1905)
586:(1902)
515:Haimen
493::
304:Haimen
273:vacant
34:, the
765:(PDF)
663:[
648:Notes
262:Pulun
41:Zhang
962:ISBN
940:ISBN
906:OCLC
896:ISBN
795:ISBN
776:2015
669:ISBN
546:Puyi
544:for
315:Died
291:Born
532:.
522:of
38:is
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930:;
904:.
894:.
865:.
841:.
817:.
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556:.
495:張謇
417:张謇
401:張謇
306:,
58:張謇
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