285:. Li Siyuan, who had earlier himself rebelled against Li Cunxu, quickly arrived at Luoyang and claimed the throne. After Li Siyuan's ascension, Li Shaobin requested (as many other generals whom Li Cunxu had bestowed the imperial Li name on) to have his original surname restored. Li Siyuan agreed to let Li Shaobin reassume the original surname of Zhao, but also gave him a new personal name of Dejun. It was said that because of the marriage between Zhao's son Zhao Yanshou and Li Siyuan's daughter Princess Xingping, that Zhao Dejun became greatly trusted by the new emperor.
480:. Empress Dowager Shulü pointed out Zhao Dejun's hypocrisy in claiming loyalty to Later Tang yet at the same time wanting to be emperor himself, and then also pointed out that as You had become her territory (as Shi had agreed to cede 16 prefectures, including all of Lulong Circuit) to Khitan, there was nothing for him to offer her. Zhao Dejun could not respond to her rebuke, and became severely distressed thereafter. He died in captivity in 937. After his death, however, Zhao Yanshou would become a trusted advisor for Emperor Taizong.
304:, who refused his overtures) and Khitan forces entered Later Tang territory to try to aid Wang Du but were crushed by Wang Yanqiu, Zhao intercepted the fleeing Khitan forces and slaughtered most of them while capturing others. He presented the captives to Li Siyuan, who pardoned the officers but slaughtered the soldiers, believing that it would help restore the relationship with Khitan. After Wang Du was eventually defeated, Li Siyuan rewarded both Zhao and Wang Yanqiu by granting them the honorary
449:), and could not retreat to meet Zhao. Zhao subsequently advanced toward Jin'an, to Tuanbo Gorge (團柏谷, in modern Jinzhong), but stopped there, not advancing further toward Jin'an, while engaging in secret negotiations with Emperor Taizong, hoping that Emperor Taizong would support him, instead of Shi, in overthrowing Li Congke. Emperor Taizong was tempted, but eventually turned down Zhao's overture. To further affirm his support of Shi, he created Shi emperor of China, founding a new
269:, were dispatched to the border. However, despite that, Khitan forces were repeatedly able to pillage supplies that Later Tang sent to Lulong. Perhaps in response, in spring 925, Li Cunxu made Li Shaobin the military governor of Lulong. Further, because while Li Shaobin was considered a capable officer, he had not yet had great battlefield reputation, Li Siyuan, who was a senior general and who was then serving as the commander of both
300:) was deteriorating, Wang sought an alliance with Zhao by requesting a marriage between their children, although there was no indication that Zhao agreed to either a marriage or an alliance. Indeed, when Li Siyuan subsequently declared a general campaign against Wang Du (over Wang Du's failed assassination attempt against the imperial general
414:
Hearing of the siege of Jin'an, Zhao volunteered to lead an army to try to lift the siege. However, it was said that Zhao's actual intent was to gather up as much of an army as possible (by merging in the armies of the nearby circuits) and then use it to negotiate with the Khitan emperor to support
456:
Eventually, the Later Tang forces at Jin'an ran out of food and was in a desperate state. Yang assassinated Zhang (who refused to consider surrendering), and then surrendered. Having taken over the Later Tang forces, the joint Khitan/Later Jin forces then headed south, toward Tuanbo. Zhao's army
325:
Regardless of the officially friendly relations, however, the Khitan army still repeatedly pillaged the territory of Lulong
Circuit. As You Prefecture relied on the food supplies sent north by the imperial government, from Zhuo Prefecture (涿州, in modern Baoding) north, to You, the Khitan soldiers
161:
and seized Lulong
Circuit (盧龍, headquartered at You Prefecture), which Liu Rengong had controlled, was captured by Liu Shouguang and subsequently killed. Zhao came under Liu Shouguang's command and thereafter served at You Prefecture. As Liu Shouguang, who later claimed the title of Emperor of
467:
the military governor of Zhaoyi back there to point out to Zhao that Lu's defenses could not hold long, and Zhao thereafter surrendered. Khitan's
Emperor Taizong arrested Zhao Dejun and Zhao Yanshou, sending them back to Khitan proper, while continuing south with Shi. Li Congke, finding the
415:
him, instead of Shi, as the emperor of China. To that end, instead of directly heading for Jin'an, he took his army south, first going through Yi
Prefecture (易州, in modern Baoding), where he rendezvoused with the imperial army garrisoned there, commanded by the imperial general Liu Zaiming (
245:. Pei sought emergency aid from Li Cunxu, who sent Li Shaobin to aid him, with the explicit instructions to make saving Pei the first priority — that the city may be given up if Pei could be saved. However, before Li Shaobin could arrive, the city had already fallen, and Pei was killed.
364:, believing that Li Conghou's senior officials were planning to act against him, rebelled, defeating the imperial army sent against him and becoming the new emperor. In the aftermaths, a mutual suspicion developed between Li Congke and Li Siyuan's son-in-law
252:
itself, capturing it. Zhu committed suicide as the city fell, ending Later Liang and allowing Later Tang to take over its territory. After the campaign, Li
Shaobin was made the military governor of Henghai Circuit (橫海, headquartered in modern
397:) the military governor of Chengde were ordered to intercept Khitan forces that were anticipated to head south to aid Shi, but apparently, Zhao never launched his troops to do so, and the Khitan forces, under the direct command of Khitan's
326:
were accustomed to set up ambushes at Yangou (閻溝, in modern
Beijing), on the way between Zhuo and You, to pillage the food supply shipments. Zhao reacted by building a fort at Yangou, establishing it as the seat of Liangxiang County (
178:, and gave him a new name of Shaobin. Thereafter, he served several successive terms as prefectural prefects under Li Cunxu. Apparently during this time, his son Zhao Yanshou also married a daughter of Li Cunxu's adoptive brother
96:. However, after failed negotiations in which Zhao himself tried to get Emperor Taizong's support to overthrow Later Tang, the joint Khitan/Later Jin forces defeated him, forcing him to surrender to Khitan. He died in captivity.
429:), where he rendezvoused with Zhao Yanshou (whom Li Congke had sent north to meet him) and took over the soldiers that Li Congke put under Zhao Yanshou's command as well as the Zhaoyi forces. He then sought to rendezvous with
476:
Upon arrival at the Khitan court, Zhao Dejun and Zhao
Yanshou, in order to show submission, submitted their treasures and land deeds (of their property at You Prefecture) to Emperor Taizong's mother
391:
as the commander of the army against Shi, with Yang
Guangyuan (i.e., Yang Tan, whose name had been changed by this point) as his deputy. As part of Later Tang's campaign plans, Zhao and Dong Wenqi (
174:
in 912, Zhao, believing that Liu
Shouguang was doomed to defeat, escaped from Yan and surrendered to Jin. Li Cunxu treated Zhao Xingshi well. Indeed, he bestowed on Zhao the imperial clan name of
376:), and it was said that because of frequent Khitan incursions, both Zhao and Shi used the opportunity to claim the need to build up their armies, causing further tension between Li Congke and Shi.
273:
and non-Han soldiers of Li Cunxu's own imperial army, was also given the title of military governor of neighboring
Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered at Zhending), to aid by reputation.
421:), and had Liu join his army. He then headed south to Chengde, and had Dong take his Chengde army with him. He then headed southwest to Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern
322:(under the rationale that the pardoned Khitan officers would give intelligence information back to their own government if returned to Khitan) that Li Siyuan did not do so.
779:
441:), but Fan, suspicious of Zhao Dejun's intentions, refused, citing the fact that he was already deeply in enemy territory, at Liao Prefecture (遼州, in modern
774:
65:
379:
In 936, Li Congke decided to test Shi's loyalty by moving (as Shi requested) him from Hedong to Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern
405:
without being intercepted. The joint Khitan/Hedong forces subsequently defeated Zhang's army and then surrounded it at Jin'an Fortress (
468:
situation hopeless, committed suicide with his family, ending Later Tang. Shi's Later Jin state took over the Later Tang territory.
769:
698:
506:
248:
Later that year, though, in a campaign that Li Shaobin served in, Li Cunxu launched a surprise attack on Later Liang's capital
804:
20:
453:. Meanwhile, Zhao Dejun also sought to have Zhao Yanshou made the military governor of Chengde, which Li Congke refused.
799:
789:
125:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
686:
663:
647:
628:
612:
596:
580:
564:
545:
529:
759:
241:) refused to follow his betrayal of Later Tang, but was subsequently put under siege at Ze by the Later Liang general
703:
511:
450:
305:
167:
85:
73:
784:
332:), with a garrison, to guard against such ambushes. Zhao also rebuilt an old fort formerly known as Lu County (
794:
288:
In or shortly before 928, as the relationship between the imperial government and the semi-independent warlord
398:
338:) east of You proper, to allow the people to farm in relative safety, and a new fort known as Sanhe County (
318:). Later, when Khitan repeatedly requested that the officers be returned, it was at the urging of Zhao and
93:
199:. At that time, Li Shaobin carried the title of commander of the guard corps from Zhending (真定, in modern
104:
It is not known when Zhao Xingshi was born, but it is known that he was from You Prefecture (幽州, in modern
477:
457:
crumbled in fear, and Zhao himself, along with Zhao Yanshou, fled to Zhaoyi's capital Lu Prefecture (
163:
764:
387:). However, upon receiving the order, Shi rebelled. Li Congke commissioned the imperial general
108:). In his youth, he became a cavalry soldier capable in archery, and he became a soldier under
150:), as well as Liu Yanshou's mother Lady Zhong. He then adopted Liu Yanshou as his own son.
62:
710:
524:
319:
132:, there was an occasion when Liu Shouwen's army was raiding Xiu County (蓨縣, in modern
753:
154:
129:
464:
430:
388:
365:
262:
141:
89:
81:
301:
270:
224:
158:
109:
292:
the military governor of neighboring Yiwu Circuit (義武, headquartered in modern
175:
357:
242:
196:
76:). Toward the end of Later Tang, he was ordered by Later Tang's final emperor
69:
361:
344:) further east, to allow the food transport to Ji Prefecture (薊州, in modern
266:
212:
179:
77:
380:
442:
422:
384:
254:
234:
216:
208:
171:
133:
113:
48:
433:
the military governor of Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern
402:
369:
345:
293:
289:
282:
249:
200:
105:
265:
incursion, both he and Li Siyuan, as well as Li Siyuan's adoptive son
112:
the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern
446:
434:
426:
373:
368:
the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
238:
220:
84:, who had rebelled against Li Congke's reign and established his own
438:
297:
258:
204:
137:
117:
153:
In 909, Liu Shouwen, who was then in a rivalry with his brother
356:
Li Siyuan died in 933, and was initially succeeded by his son
281:
In 926, Li Cunxu was killed in a mutiny at then-capital
215:, surrendered Anyi Circuit (安義, headquartered in modern
195:
In 923, Li Cunxu declared himself the emperor of a new
120:). While he was serving under Liu Shouwen during the
144:, who was a son of Xiu's county magistrate Liu Yuan (
140:). As part of the raid, Zhao captured a child named
463:) and initially put up defenses there. Shi sent
166:, came under attack by his southwestern neighbor
157:after Liu Shouguang had imprisoned their father
207:), serving under Li Cunxu himself. That year,
233:) the prefect of Ze Prefecture (澤州, in modern
458:
416:
406:
392:
339:
333:
327:
313:
228:
145:
56:
42:
32:
8:
678:
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639:
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360:. In 934, Li Conghou's adoptive brother
211:, the son of Li Cunxu's deceased cousin
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
489:
401:, were able to reach Hedong's capital
80:to combat Li Congke's brother-in-law,
66:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
7:
261:). In spring 924, in response to a
72:(and Later Tang's predecessor state
780:Jin (Later Tang precursor) generals
227:. Li Jitao's subordinate Pei Yue (
775:Yan (Five Dynasties period) people
14:
348:) to proceed in relative safety.
223:), to Later Liang's then-emperor
182:(the later Princess Xingping).
472:After capture by Khitan forces
417:
328:
146:
33:
24:
1:
699:History of the Five Dynasties
507:History of the Five Dynasties
821:
478:Empress Dowager Shulü Ping
459:
407:
393:
340:
334:
314:
229:
57:
43:
770:Politicians from Beijing
352:During Li Congke's reign
277:During Li Siyuan's reign
92:allies, led by Khitan's
61:), was a general of the
191:During Li Cunxu's reign
47:) during the reign of
805:Generals from Beijing
351:
276:
190:
484:Notes and references
800:Liao dynasty people
790:Later Tang jiedushi
88:, as well as Shi's
760:9th-century births
186:During Later Tang
53:Prince of Beiping
27:) (died 937), né
812:
785:Henghai jiedushi
690:
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51:, formally the
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748:
747:
711:Zizhi Tongjian
707:
692:
691:
683:Zizhi Tongjian
668:
660:Zizhi Tongjian
652:
644:Zizhi Tongjian
633:
625:Zizhi Tongjian
617:
609:Zizhi Tongjian
601:
593:Zizhi Tongjian
585:
577:Zizhi Tongjian
569:
561:Zizhi Tongjian
550:
542:Zizhi Tongjian
534:
525:Zizhi Tongjian
516:
488:
487:
485:
482:
473:
470:
353:
350:
278:
275:
192:
189:
187:
184:
101:
98:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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155:Liu Shouguang
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22:
18:
709:
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608:
604:
592:
588:
576:
572:
560:
541:
537:
523:
519:
505:
475:
465:Gao Xingzhou
455:
431:Fan Yanguang
413:
389:Zhang Jingda
378:
366:Shi Jingtang
355:
324:
309:
287:
280:
247:
194:
152:
121:
103:
82:Shi Jingtang
52:
38:
37:), known as
29:Zhao Xingshi
28:
16:
15:
302:Wang Yanqiu
159:Liu Rengong
142:Liu Yanshou
128:'s emperor
126:Later Liang
110:Liu Shouwen
765:937 deaths
754:Categories
358:Li Conghou
306:chancellor
243:Dong Zhang
197:Later Tang
170:'s prince
100:Background
74:Former Jin
70:Later Tang
39:Li Shaobin
17:Zhao Dejun
451:Later Jin
362:Li Congke
267:Li Congke
213:Li Sizhao
180:Li Siyuan
86:Later Jin
78:Li Congke
714:, vols.
687:vol. 280
664:vol. 279
648:vol. 278
629:vol. 277
613:vol. 276
597:vol. 275
581:vol. 273
565:vol. 272
546:vol. 268
530:vol. 267
443:Jinzhong
423:Changzhi
385:Shandong
320:Yang Tan
310:Shizhong
255:Cangzhou
235:Jincheng
225:Zhu Zhen
217:Changzhi
209:Li Jitao
172:Li Cunxu
134:Hengshui
114:Cangzhou
49:Li Cunxu
704:vol. 98
512:vol. 98
403:Taiyuan
370:Taiyuan
346:Tianjin
294:Baoding
290:Wang Du
283:Luoyang
250:Daliang
201:Baoding
124:era of
122:Kaiping
106:Beijing
63:Chinese
21:Chinese
447:Shanxi
435:Handan
427:Shanxi
381:Tai'an
374:Shanxi
263:Khitan
239:Shanxi
221:Shanxi
90:Khitan
68:state
23::
439:Hebei
298:Hebei
259:Hebei
205:Hebei
138:Hebei
118:Hebei
744:280
740:279
736:278
732:277
728:276
724:275
720:273
716:272
418:劉在明
411:).
408:晉安寨
394:董溫琪
271:Han
168:Jin
164:Yan
58:北平王
44:李紹斌
34:趙行實
25:趙德鈞
756::
742:,
738:,
734:,
730:,
726:,
722:,
718:,
702:,
685:,
671:^
662:,
646:,
636:^
627:,
611:,
595:,
579:,
563:,
553:^
544:,
528:,
510:,
492:^
460:潞州
445:,
437:,
425:,
383:,
372:,
341:三河
335:潞縣
329:良鄉
315:侍中
296:,
257:,
237:,
230:裴約
219:,
203:,
176:Li
147:劉邧
136:,
116:,
746:.
706:.
689:.
666:.
650:.
631:.
615:.
599:.
583:.
567:.
548:.
532:.
514:.
312:(
55:(
41:(
31:(
19:(
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