3282:
3079:
1100:
168:
3229:, during which over 1,000 books were published on the subject by over 400 authors. The majority of these books were serious works of philology, reconstructing ancient usages and commentaries for practical purposes. A sizable minority focused on numerology, symbolism, and divination. During this time, over 150 editions of earlier Chinese commentaries were reprinted across Edo Japan, including several texts that had become lost in China. In the early Edo period, Japanese writers such as
1264:
3501:, an expert in pre-Qin China, re-investigated its use as a Zhou dynasty oracle. Edward Shaughnessy proposed a new dating for the various strata of the text. New archaeological discoveries have enabled a deeper level of insight into how the text was used in the centuries before the Qin dynasty. Proponents of newly reconstructed Western Zhou readings, which often differ greatly from traditional readings of the text, are sometimes called the "modernist school".
55:
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2149:
2132:
2115:
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2081:
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2011:
1994:
1977:
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1943:
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1771:
1342:. The two histories describe more than twenty successful divinations conducted by professional soothsayers for royal families between 671 and 487 BC. The method of divination is not explained, and none of the stories employ predetermined commentaries, patterns, or interpretations. Only the hexagrams and line statements are used. By the 4th century BC, the authority of the
2920:. The other school, Old Text criticism, was more scholarly and hierarchical, and focused on the moral content of the text, providing the basis for the School of Meanings and Principles. The New Text scholars distributed alternate versions of the text and freely integrated non-canonical commentaries into their work, as well as propagating alternate systems of divination such as the
1245:
line statements were derived from the hexagram names. The line statements, which make up most of the book, are exceedingly cryptic. Each line begins with a word indicating the line number, "base, 2, 3, 4, 5, top", and either the number 6 for a broken line, or the number 9 for a whole line. Hexagrams 1 and 2 have an extra line statement, named
3530:
2915:
interpretation divided into two schools, originating in a dispute over minor differences between different editions of the received text. The first school, known as New Text criticism, was more egalitarian and eclectic, and sought to find symbolic and numerological parallels between the natural world
1700:
found at
Mawangdui portrays Confucius as endorsing it as a source of wisdom first and an imperfect divination text second. However, since the Ten Wings became canonized by Emperor Wu of Han together with the original I Ching as the Zhou Yi, it can be attributed to the positions of influence from the
1734:
after King Wen of Zhou, who founded the Zhou dynasty and supposedly reformed the method of interpretation. The sequence generally pairs hexagrams with their upside-down equivalents; the eight hexagrams that do not change when turned upside-down, are instead paired with their inversions (exchanging
1244:
The names of the hexagrams are usually words that appear in their respective line statements, but in five cases (2, 9, 26, 61, and 63) an unrelated character of unclear purpose appears. The hexagram names could have been chosen arbitrarily from the line statements, but it is also possible that the
1739:
in 1973, arranges the hexagrams into eight groups sharing the same upper trigram. But the oldest known manuscript, found in 1987 and now held by the
Shanghai Library, was almost certainly arranged in the King Wen sequence, and it has even been proposed that a pottery paddle from the Western Zhou
1635:
attributes to the symbolic function of the hexagrams the ability to understand self, world, and destiny. Throughout the Ten Wings, there are passages that seem to purposefully increase the ambiguity of the base text, pointing to a recognition of multiple layers of symbolism.
2898:
wrote that it is the most "recognized" Chinese book. In East Asia, it is a foundational text for the
Confucian and Daoist philosophical traditions, while in the West, it attracted the attention of Enlightenment intellectuals and prominent literary and cultural figures.
1021:
that sees the character for 'changes' as containing the sun and moon, the cycle of the day. Modern sinologists believe the character to be derived either from an image of the sun emerging from clouds, or from the content of a vessel being changed into another.
3340:
hexagrams and
Chinese characters were conflated into a single foreign idea, sparking a dialogue on Western philosophical questions such as universality and the nature of communication. The usage of binary in relation to the I Ching was central to Leibniz's
3099:, saying that they were one-sided. He developed a synthesis of the two, arguing that the text was primarily a work of divination that could be used in the process of moral self-cultivation, or what the ancients called "rectification of the mind" in the
1192:). The statements were used to determine the results of divination, but the reasons for having two different methods of reading the hexagram are not known, and it is not known why hexagram statements would be read over line statements or vice versa.
800:
was the basis for divination practice for centuries across the Far East and was the subject of scholarly commentary. Between the 18th and 20th centuries, it took on an influential role in
Western understanding of East Asian philosophical thought.
1071:
were derived from an initial set of eight trigrams. During the Han dynasty there were various opinions about the historical relationship between the trigrams and the hexagrams. Eventually, a consensus formed around 2nd-century AD scholar
3492:
spent several decades producing a new interpretation of the text, which was published posthumously in 1978. Modern data scientists including Alex Liu proposed to represent and develop I Ching methods with data science 4E framework and
3441:. Jung wrote, "Even to the most biased eye, it is obvious that this book represents one long admonition to careful scrutiny of one's own character, attitude, and motives." The book had a notable impact on the
1647:
with the ability to "delight in Heaven and understand fate;" the sage who reads it will see cosmological patterns and not despair in mere material difficulties. The
Japanese word for 'metaphysics',
1591:
states, the individual can understand the deeper patterns of the universe. Among other subjects, it explains how the eight trigrams proceeded from the eternal oneness of the universe through three
1740:
period contains four hexagrams in the King Wen sequence. Whichever of these arrangements is older, it is not evident that the order of the hexagrams was of interest to the original authors of the
905:). Modern scholars suggest dates ranging between the 10th and 4th centuries BC for the assembly of the text in approximately its current form. Based on a comparison of the language of the
1755:). Different constructions of three yin and yang lines lead to eight trigrams (八卦) namely, Qian (乾, ☰), Dui (兌, ☱), Li (離, ☲), Zhen (震, ☳), Xun (巽, ☴), Kan (坎, ☵), Gen (艮, ☶), and Kun (坤, ☷).
1291:, but it is not known how the yarrow stalks became numbers, or how specific lines were chosen from the line readings. In the hexagrams, broken lines were used as shorthand for the numbers 6 (
1433:
was interpreted as a verb meaning 'moving to', an apparent indication that hexagrams could be transformed into other hexagrams. However, there are no instances of "changeable lines" in the
7122:
747:
1546:. The specific origins of the Ten Wings are still a complete mystery to academics. Regardless of their historical relation to the text, the philosophical depth of the Ten Wings made the
1211:
interpretation in the 6th century BC. Edward
Shaughnessy describes this statement as affirming an "initial receipt" of an offering, "beneficial" for further "divining". The word
5724:
In China and in East Asia, it has been by far the most consulted of all books, in the belief that it can explain everything.... is surely the most popularly recognized
Chinese book.
457:
451:
3162:). Hwang accused the Neo-Confucian school of having misread Zhu Xi. His critique proved influential not only in Korea but also in Japan. Other than this contribution, the
3056:
as a guide to moral perfection. He described the text as a way to for ministers to form honest political factions, root out corruption, and solve problems in government.
1249:. Following the line number, the line statements may make oracular or prognostic statements. Some line statements also contain poetry or references to historical events.
839:
has been discussed and debated over the centuries. Many commentators have used the book symbolically, often to provide guidance for moral decision-making, as informed by
4485:
had both translated it in the same period into French, the text gained significant traction during the counterculture of the 1960s, with the translations of
Wilhelm and
3385:
lost its significance in political philosophy, but it maintained cultural influence as one of China's most ancient texts. Chinese writers offered parallels between the
1319:
contains a late classic description of a process where various numerological operations are performed on a bundle of 50 stalks, leaving remainders of 6 to 9. Like the
1496:
was read as a microcosm of the universe that offered complex, symbolic correspondences. The official edition of the text was literally set in stone, as one of the
851:. The hexagrams themselves have often acquired cosmological significance and been paralleled with many other traditional names for the processes of change such as
3661:
1701:
Confucians in the government. Furthermore, the Ten Wings tends to use diction and phrases such as "the master said", which was previously commonly seen in the
7276:
1427:), followed by the name of another hexagram where that specific line had another form. In later attempts to reconstruct ancient divination methods, the word
7140:
6824:
3281:
3132:
scholars focused more intently on understanding pre-classical grammar, assisting the development of new philological approaches in the modern period.
1689:
1009:. The 'changes' involved have been interpreted as the transformations of hexagrams, of their lines, or of the numbers obtained from the divination.
3473:, where she describes the image of "...six jet planes leaving six white vapor trails across the bleak terrain...". It also inspired the 1968 song "
1550:
a perfect fit to Han period
Confucian scholarship. The inclusion of the Ten Wings reflects a widespread recognition in ancient China, found in the
1400:, employing coins, became widely used in the Tang dynasty and is still used today. In the modern period; alternative methods such as specialized
6762:
6743:
6724:
6686:
6601:
6563:
6544:
6525:
6367:
6341:
6303:
6284:
5140:
4688:
4669:
4650:
7251:
7241:
31:
6635:. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China; Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. pp. 216–228.
947:
was used throughout all levels of Chinese society in its current form by 300 BC, but still contained small variations as late as the
3095:
The 12th century Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi, co-founder of the Cheng–Zhu school, criticized both of the Han dynasty lines of commentary on the
3013:) as the official commentary, he added to it further commentary drawing out the subtler details of Wang Bi's explanations. The resulting
4371:
3044:
was being read as a work of intricate philosophy, as a jumping-off point for examining great metaphysical questions and ethical issues.
2953:, who discarded the numerology of Han commentators and integrated the philosophy of the Ten Wings directly into the central text of the
6452:
A Companion to Yi Jing Numerology and Cosmology: Chinese Studies of Images and Numbers from Han (202 BCE–220 CE) to Song (960–1279 CE)
3989:
3405:
had actually impeded scientific development by incorporating all physical knowledge into its metaphysics. However, with the advent of
1583:
as a microcosm of the universe and a symbolic description of the processes of change. By partaking in the spiritual experience of the
1237:, which preceded the Zhou. It also carried meanings of being or making upright or correct, and was defined by the Eastern Han scholar
1358:
show that the hexagrams were privately consulted to answer questions such as business, health, children, and determining lucky days.
7115:
6705:
6667:
6640:
6582:
6481:
6459:
6411:
6322:
6265:
4628:
4609:
4587:
4568:
4299:
823:
are manipulated to produce sets of six apparently random numbers ranging from 6 to 9. Each of the 64 possible sets corresponds to a
917:
dated its compilation in its current form to the last quarter of the 9th century BC, during the early decades of the reign of
7236:
7202:
4429:
3320:, since the broken lines, the "0" or "nothingness", cannot become solid lines, the "1" or "oneness", without the intervention of
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2017:
2010:
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1804:
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1720:
4092:
7246:
7165:
6193:
Y-King: antiquissimus Sinarum liber, quem ex Latina interpretatione P. Regis aliorumque ex Soc. Iesu P. P. edidit Julius Mohl
5648:"Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Xicizhuan 繫辭傳 (Treatise on the Appended Remarks) Appendix of the Yijing 易經 (Scripture of Change)"
4284:
1676:
728:
632:
536:
519:
387:
191:
1595:. The other Wings provide different perspectives on essentially the same viewpoint, giving ancient, cosmic authority to the
6817:
4478:
4274:
3974:
1481:
205:
6887:
6846:
5718:
4518:
4462:
4279:
4269:
4006:
3474:
3430:
1469:
1684:
with Confucius gave weight to the text and was taken as an article of faith throughout the Han and Tang dynasties. The
1667:; what is under form is called a tool". The word has also been borrowed into Korean and re-borrowed back into Chinese.
7271:
3604:
3442:
3344:
910:
856:
289:
2957:, creating such a persuasive narrative that Han commentators were no longer considered significant. A century later
1392:
reconstructed a method of yarrow stalk divination that is still used throughout the Far East. In the modern period,
7266:
7060:
6717:
Fathoming the Cosmos and Ordering the World: the Yijing (I Ching, or Classic of Changes) and its Evolution in China
4530:
4391:
3258:
1207:). These four words are often repeated in the hexagram statements and were already considered an important part of
4493:'s 1996 translation incorporated much of the new archaeological and philological discoveries of the 20th century.
1059:), "in order to become thoroughly conversant with the numinous and bright and to classify the myriad things". The
965:
7256:
6315:
The Yijing and Chinese Politics: Classical Commentary and Literati Activism in the Northern Song Period, 960–1127
5647:
4396:
4329:
3418:
3414:
3394:
3301:
3290:
1355:
1323:
itself, yarrow stalk divination dates to the Western Zhou period, although its modern form is a reconstruction.
1099:
6965:
6924:
6810:
4510:
4446:
has been translated into Western languages dozens of times. The earliest published complete translation of the
3964:
3711:
3067:, although he did not intend his arrangement to be used mathematically. This arrangement, sometimes called the
2878:
35:
3369:, but accepted without question Hegel's premise that the Chinese language cannot express philosophical ideas.
7087:
7071:
7053:
7046:
7021:
3969:
3937:
3776:
3679:
3667:
2982:
2949:
scholarship was no longer organized into systematic schools. The most influential writer of this period was
940:
39:
6554:
Redmond, Geoffrey (2021). "The Yijing in Early Postwar Counterculture in the West". In Ng, Wai-ming (ed.).
3397:, aiming to demonstrate that ancient Chinese cosmology had anticipated Western discoveries. The sinologist
7261:
4451:
4069:
3769:
3716:
3498:
3078:
3045:
1393:
544:
527:
364:
6332:
Kern, Martin (2010). "Early Chinese literature, Beginnings through Western Han". In Owen, Stephen (ed.).
1013:
proposed that the word for 'changes' originally meant 'easy', as in a form of divination easier than the
3721:
3325:
3305:
3154:
2917:
1705:, thereby implying the heavy involvement of Confucians in its creation as well as institutionalization.
1497:
1073:
948:
781:
4470:
3049:
958: – 221 BC). It is possible that other divination systems existed at this time; the
7179:
7094:
6862:
6491:
Peterson, Willard J. (1982). "Making Connections: 'Commentary on the Attached Verbalizations' of the
4422:
4233:
3262:
1437:. In all 12 out of 12 line statements quoted, the original hexagrams are used to produce the oracle.
1288:
820:
692:
6650:
Shaughnessy, Edward (1999). "Western Zhou History". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (eds.).
5713:
785:
562:
6679:
Unearthing the Changes: Recently Discovered Manuscripts of the Yi Jing (I Ching) and Related Texts
4789:) refers to a four-legged animal similar to a pig. This is believed to be a gloss for 'decision',
4450:
into a Western language was a Latin translation done in the 1730s by the French Jesuit missionary
443:
6611:
6504:
6438:
6351:
4366:
4356:
4346:
4253:
4218:
3656:
3585:
3329:
3106:
1714:
1397:
1258:
1130:
914:
813:
423:
415:
3489:
2958:
1365:
in use today is a reconstruction of the method described in these histories, in the 300 BC
6659:
167:
7186:
6951:
6944:
6935:
6903:
6896:
6758:
6739:
6720:
6701:
6682:
6663:
6636:
6597:
6578:
6559:
6540:
6521:
6477:
6455:
6407:
6363:
6337:
6318:
6299:
6280:
6261:
5136:
4684:
4665:
4646:
4624:
4605:
4583:
4564:
4482:
3952:
3726:
3578:
3560:
3544:
3539:
3454:
3406:
3072:
1744:. The assignment of numbers, binary or decimal, to specific hexagrams, is a modern invention.
1731:
1449:
1076:'s attribution of the text to the joint work of Fuxi, King Wen of Zhou, the Duke of Zhou, and
918:
832:
740:
477:
327:
319:
7231:
7172:
6833:
6651:
6430:
6390:
5124:
4334:
4243:
4228:
3218:
2895:
1030:
888:
769:
254:
54:
3144:
was an influential text across East Asia. In 1557, the Korean Neo-Confucianist philosopher
1263:
4415:
4248:
4019:
3979:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3903:
3826:
3513:
3494:
3458:
3378:
3362:
3358:
3332:
were "empty forms" that could not articulate spoken words with the clarity of the Western
3234:
2965:. The principal rival interpretation was a practical text on divination by the soothsayer
936:
6200:
6196:
4529:. Introduction by Carl G. Jung. New York: Pantheon Books. 3rd edition (1967), Princeton:
3417:
of the new field, which disproved principles from older Western classical mechanics. The
303:
576:
7080:
7028:
6993:
6876:
6855:
6802:
4324:
4238:
4206:
4173:
4160:
4140:
3994:
3446:
3398:
3390:
3294:
3121:
3101:
1543:
1346:
was also cited for rhetorical purposes, without relation to any stated divination. The
1063:
itself does not contain this legend and indeed says nothing about its own origins. The
1018:
972:
498:
491:
474:
4213:
3421:
heavily used concepts from the I Ching as mentioned in his writings. The psychologist
3178:)—was not central to the development of Korean Confucianism, and by the 19th century,
1504:
became the standard text for over two thousand years, until alternate versions of the
7225:
7000:
6972:
6958:
6910:
6779:
6652:
6469:
6442:
6394:
6195:, Stuttgartiae et Tubingae: Cotta, liber 1: 1834, XX + 475 S., liber 2: 1839, 588 S.
4711:
4401:
4351:
4341:
4178:
4054:
3947:
3930:
3910:
3875:
3642:
3466:
3462:
3438:
3354:
3350:
3313:
3270:
3254:
3238:
3230:
3064:
2938:, is no longer extant. Only short fragments survive, from a Tang dynasty text called
2887:
1558:
was a rich moral and symbolic document useful for more than professional divination.
1234:
1088:
960:
793:
357:
6654:
The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C.
3269:
cosmology. This line of argument was later taken up in China by the Qing politician
1225:
1105:
7209:
7195:
6837:
5132:
4717:
4638:
4597:
4548:
4490:
4486:
4150:
4132:
4044:
3942:
3861:
3819:
3758:
3619:
3591:
3571:
3214:
3129:
3034:
2978:
1592:
1485:
1473:
1334:
1034:
1006:
880:
852:
840:
777:
433:
261:
223:
138:
60:
4155:
2961:
added commentaries on the Ten Wings to Wang Bi's book, creating a text called the
1415:
stories, individual lines of hexagrams are denoted by using the genitive particle
7158:
5129:
The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome
4765:
4761:
4724:
4474:
4466:
4289:
4122:
4117:
4031:
3847:
3840:
3764:
3478:
3366:
2986:
2922:
2908:
1539:
1351:
1230:
1014:
1010:
512:
467:
177:
94:
7101:
4705:
4361:
4304:
4127:
4107:
4102:
4049:
3984:
3781:
3687:
3410:
3226:
3210:
2935:
1405:
1280:
1238:
809:
765:
343:
336:
144:
104:
6358:[Classic of changes]. In Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping (eds.).
6128:
4477:
had both translated the text into English already in the 19th century, while
3497:
approaches for a more rigorous representation and interpretation of I Ching.
1692:, and textual evidence strongly suggests that Confucius did not consider the
1283:, the production of seemingly random numbers to determine divine intent. The
6986:
4165:
4145:
4097:
4064:
4036:
3868:
3833:
3450:
3434:
3422:
3060:
2927:
1736:
1671:
1527:
1517:
1371:
1328:
1077:
789:
380:
108:
6795:
6406:. Honolulu: Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawaiʻi Press.
3152:
studies of the early modern era, claiming that the spirit was a principle (
1680:. Although it rested on historically shaky grounds, the association of the
1279:
Archaeological evidence shows that Zhou dynasty divination was grounded in
4681:
The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change
3245:
the greatest of the Confucian classics. Many writers attempted to use the
7007:
6869:
6434:
6277:
The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change
4662:
The I Ching (Book of Changes): A Critical Translation of the Ancient Text
4465:'s 1923 German translation, which was translated into English in 1950 by
4261:
4183:
3333:
3145:
1702:
848:
669:
401:
275:
4515:. 2nd edition (1899), Oxford: Clarendon Press; reprinted numerous times.
1603:
provides a moral interpretation that parallels the first two hexagrams,
6508:
4223:
4192:
4112:
4084:
4074:
4001:
3889:
3882:
3650:
3612:
3250:
2994:
2966:
2950:
1747:
Yin and yang are represented by broken and solid lines: yin is broken (
1377:
979:
440:
180:(top), traditional (middle), and simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
6258:
Introduction to the Study of the Classic of Change (I-hsüeh ch'i-meng)
3484:
The modern period also brought a new level of skepticism and rigor to
2926:. Most of this early commentary, such as the image and number work of
1396:
attempted his own reconstruction, which varies from Zhu Xi in places.
17:
4856:
4553:
The Book of Changes: A New Translation of the Ancient Chinese I Ching
4079:
4059:
3793:
3751:
3742:
3735:
3627:
3521:
3425:
took interest in the possible universal nature of the imagery of the
3413:
credited the yin and yang symbolism for providing inspiration of his
3317:
3185:
2931:
1758:
The different combinations of the two trigrams lead to 64 hexagrams.
1477:
1389:
896:
844:
595:
6378:
3120:
took on renewed relevance in both Confucian and Daoist studies. The
1159:
contains all 64 possible hexagrams, along with the hexagram's name (
1155:). Each line is either broken or unbroken. The received text of the
1080:, but this traditional attribution is no longer generally accepted.
784:
and early imperial periods (500–200 BC), it transformed into a
3349:, or 'universal language', which in turn inspired the standards of
6799:
at the Chinese Text Project: original text and Legge's translation
6191:
The text downloadable form the Münchener DigitalisierungsZentrum:
4026:
3957:
3854:
3635:
3598:
3469:
references the six yang hexagram in "Amelia", a song on the album
3280:
3068:
1571:
1472:
was informed by a broad span of cultural influences that included
1262:
1098:
1046:
1017:, but there is little evidence for this. There is also an ancient
655:
609:
503:
7108:
7014:
6421:
Ng Wai-ming (吳偉明) (2000). "The I Ching in Late-Choson Thought".
6360:
Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide
3787:
2916:
and the hexagrams. Their commentaries provided the basis of the
1628:
1401:
1038:
6806:
4454:
and his companions that was published in Germany in the 1830s.
6334:
The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume 1: To 1375
3565:
3529:
3321:
1664:
788:
text with a series of philosophical commentaries known as the
482:
6175:
6173:
3113:
account, became the standard form and is still in use today.
1761:
The following table numbers the hexagrams in King Wen order.
1241:
as "to enquire into the correctness" of a proposed activity.
448:
6518:
Divination and Prediction in Early China and Ancient Greece
4280:
Way of the Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters
3673:
3159:
3063:
rearranged the hexagrams in a format that resembles modern
1287:
provided a guide to cleromancy that used the stalks of the
1045:, Fuxi observed the patterns of the world and created the
30:"The Book of Changes" redirects here. For other uses, see
7123:
Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong
3429:, and he introduced an influential German translation by
1037:, and was also associated with the legendary world ruler
541:
524:
420:
406:
392:
1530:. The Ten Wings are of a much later provenance than the
1338:
contain the oldest descriptions of divination using the
348:
1542:, while the Ten Wings were written in a predecessor to
1508:
and related texts were discovered in the 20th century.
1029:
was traditionally ascribed to the Zhou cultural heroes
6755:
Overcoming Modernity: Synchronicity and Image-thinking
5290:
5288:
4760:, "classic") appellation was not used until after the
3312:
in 1703. He argued that it proved the universality of
3198:
1648:
1144:), a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines (
831:. The hexagrams are arranged in an order known as the
697:
4827:
4802:
4790:
4778:
3018:
3002:
1622:
1610:
1534:, and are the production of a different society. The
1428:
1416:
1350:
does not contain records of private individuals, but
1212:
1196:
1187:
1176:
1165:
1150:
1139:
1110:
324:
308:
294:
280:
266:
6379:"The Yijing and Philosophy: From Leibniz to Derrida"
4457:
Historically, the most influential Western-language
3183:
3167:
1730:, the hexagrams are arranged in an order dubbed the
1561:
Arguably the most important of the Ten Wings is the
637:
7150:
7132:
7070:
7038:
6934:
6886:
6845:
6575:
The Book of Changes (Zhouyi): A Bronze Age Document
6556:
The Making of the Global Yijing in the Modern World
6129:"I Ching Methods Represented with Big Data Science"
4602:
The Book of Changes (Zhouyi): A Bronze Age Document
4496:The most commonly used English translations of the
3225:studies in Japan took on new importance during the
1303:), and solid lines were shorthand for values of 7 (
780:period (1000–750 BC). Over the course of the
691:
686:
668:
654:
649:
631:
626:
608:
594:
589:
575:
561:
556:
535:
518:
511:
497:
490:
473:
466:
439:
432:
414:
400:
386:
379:
369:
363:
356:
342:
335:
318:
302:
288:
274:
260:
253:
248:
236:
222:
204:
190:
185:
154:
130:
122:
114:
100:
90:
78:
6362:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1877–1896.
1195:The book opens with the first hexagram statement,
835:. The interpretation of the readings found in the
6719:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
1526:bound it to a set of ten commentaries called the
1492:does not contain any cosmological analogies, the
1067:, however, also claims that the hexagrams of the
4545:. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press.
1103:Oracle turtle shell featuring the ancient form (
581:
567:
6781:The texts of Confucianism, Part II: The Yî king
4801:). The modern word for a hexagram statement is
3361:in the late 19th century. In the 20th century,
1670:The Ten Wings were traditionally attributed to
1456:"the first among the classics", dubbing it the
34:. For other uses of "I Ching" or "Yijing", see
6757:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
6336:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–115.
6317:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
3204:
3116:As China entered the early modern period, the
1654:
674:
660:
6818:
4833:
4808:
4796:
4784:
4755:
4423:
3445:and on 20th century cultural figures such as
3308:, wrote the first European commentary on the
3024:
3008:
2894:as the best-known Chinese book in the world.
2860:
2843:
2826:
2809:
2792:
2775:
2758:
2741:
2722:
2705:
2688:
2671:
2654:
2637:
2620:
2603:
2584:
2567:
2550:
2533:
2516:
2499:
2482:
2465:
2446:
2429:
2412:
2395:
2378:
2361:
2344:
2327:
2308:
2291:
2274:
2257:
2240:
2223:
2206:
2189:
2170:
2153:
2136:
2119:
2102:
2085:
2068:
2051:
2032:
2015:
1998:
1981:
1964:
1947:
1930:
1913:
1894:
1877:
1860:
1843:
1826:
1809:
1792:
1775:
1735:yin and yang lines). Another order, found at
1616:
1604:
1422:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1229:) was also used for the verb 'divine' in the
1218:
1202:
1182:
1171:
1160:
1145:
1134:
1116:
210:
196:
136:
82:
8:
6633:Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide
6260:. Provo, UT: Global Scholarly Publications.
4537:Other notable English translations include:
3401:took the opposite opinion, arguing that the
3297:. The Arabic numerals were added by Leibniz.
3173:
1361:The most common form of divination with the
614:
600:
47:
6404:The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture
6211:
6179:
6164:
5675:
5474:
5446:
5386:
5267:
5207:
5191:
5175:
5083:
5059:
5039:
4991:
4967:
4927:
3342:
3193:In medieval Japan, secret teachings on the
1659:) is derived from a statement found in the
6825:
6811:
6803:
6594:ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese
6239:
6215:
6160:
6091:
6075:
5871:
5859:
5743:
5626:
5550:
5374:
5179:
5171:
5111:
5071:
5043:
5015:
5011:
4939:
4430:
4416:
3508:
1696:a "classic". An ancient commentary on the
1575:, which dates to roughly 300 BC. The
776:was originally a divination manual in the
683:
623:
245:
166:
46:
7141:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
6596:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
6558:. Singapore: Springer. pp. 197–221.
6148:
5831:
5815:
5795:
5771:
5538:
5434:
5255:
5219:
5027:
4979:
4814:
1488:, and Wu Xing physical theory. While the
6476:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5641:
5639:
5598:
3328:, who proclaimed that binary system and
3077:
1674:, possibly based on a misreading of the
6681:. New York: Columbia University Press.
6658:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
6535:Redmond, Geoffrey; Hon, Tze-Ki (2014).
6279:. New York: Columbia University Press.
5915:
5712:Weinberger, Eliot (February 25, 2016).
5614:
5514:
5430:
5418:
5362:
5346:
5334:
5306:
5107:
5095:
4931:
4899:
4880:
4860:
4843:
4737:
4683:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4582:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4525:. Cary Baynes, trans. Bollingen Series
3520:
3251:Western science in a Japanese framework
3128:and ordered new interpretations of it.
6051:
6039:
6023:
4919:
4743:
4741:
4543:A Translation of the Confucian Yi-king
739:
422:
326:
151:
6298:. New York: Oxford University Press.
6227:
6115:
6103:
6087:
6063:
6027:
6011:
5903:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5855:
5807:
5783:
5767:
5755:
5739:
5735:
5699:
5663:
5630:
5610:
5586:
5574:
5562:
5526:
5502:
5490:
5478:
5450:
5406:
5394:
5358:
5330:
5294:
5279:
5047:
4995:
4975:
4955:
4935:
4915:
4903:
3148:produced one of the most influential
3140:Like the other Chinese classics, the
3029:) became the standard edition of the
2989:to create a canonical edition of the
935: BC). A copy of the text in the
792:. After becoming part of the Chinese
768:text that is among the oldest of the
7:
6618:(Ph.D. thesis). Stanford University.
5687:
5462:
5390:
5318:
5243:
5231:
5203:
5167:
5155:
5007:
4971:
4943:
4887:
4855:The received text was rearranged by
3015:Right Meaning of the Book of Changes
1763:
1663:that "what is above form is called
32:The Book of Changes (disambiguation)
7277:Precursors of electronic literature
6791:), translated by James Legge, 1882.
5999:
5987:
5975:
5963:
5951:
5939:
5927:
5843:
5827:
5811:
4923:
4372:Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)
1719:For a more comprehensive list, see
1087:was that most of it was written by
6497:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
3990:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1554:and other pre-Han texts, that the
943:discovered in 1994 shows that the
25:
7116:Three Strategies of Huang Shigong
4300:Chinese ritual mastery traditions
3182:studies were integrated into the
3048:, patriarch of the Neo-Confucian
1690:burning of the Confucian classics
1388:s description, the Neo-Confucian
964:name two other such systems, the
7203:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
6395:10.1111/j.1540-6253.2011.01661.x
4489:attracting particular interest.
3528:
2854:
2837:
2820:
2803:
2786:
2769:
2752:
2735:
2716:
2699:
2682:
2665:
2648:
2631:
2614:
2597:
2578:
2561:
2544:
2527:
2510:
2493:
2476:
2459:
2440:
2423:
2406:
2389:
2372:
2355:
2338:
2321:
2302:
2285:
2268:
2251:
2234:
2217:
2200:
2183:
2164:
2147:
2130:
2113:
2096:
2079:
2062:
2045:
2026:
2009:
1992:
1975:
1958:
1941:
1924:
1907:
1888:
1871:
1854:
1837:
1820:
1803:
1786:
1769:
1721:List of hexagrams of the I Ching
1522:Part of the canonization of the
1464:. Emperor Wu's placement of the
1224:
1104:
827:, which can be looked up in the
796:in the 2nd century BC, the
53:
6631:周易)". In Loewe, Michael (ed.).
5646:Adler, Joseph A. (April 2017).
4645:. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
4621:I Ching: The Classic of Changes
4619:Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1996).
4093:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
3365:identified Hegel's argument as
3107:I Ching yarrow stalk divination
1170:), a short hexagram statement (
995:literally means the 'changes' (
923:
542:
525:
504:
483:
449:
421:
407:
393:
370:
349:
27:Ancient Chinese divination text
7166:Biographies of Exemplary Women
6738:. Princeton University Press.
6700:. Princeton University Press.
6520:. Cambridge University Press.
4523:The I Ching or Book of Changes
4386:Institutions and organizations
4285:The Northern Celestial Masters
3433:by discussing his theories of
1677:Records of the Grand Historian
1055:
1001:
901:
824:
808:is used for a Chinese form of
732:
698:
638:
582:
325:
309:
295:
281:
267:
211:
197:
1:
6623:Shaughnessy, Edward (1993). "
6616:The composition of the Zhouyi
6474:The Five "Confucian" Classics
6383:Journal of Chinese Philosophy
4275:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
3975:Three Great Emperor-Officials
3304:, who was corresponding with
3105:. Zhu Xi's reconstruction of
2903:Eastern Han and Six Dynasties
1041:. According to the canonical
952:
927:
64:
6677:Shaughnessy, Edward (2014).
5719:The New York Review of Books
4270:Way of the Celestial Masters
3475:While My Guitar Gently Weeps
3419:principle of complementarity
3158:) and not a material force (
3086:depicting the eight trigrams
2918:School of Images and Numbers
2873:Interpretation and influence
1643:associates knowledge of the
1181:), and six line statements (
1083:Another tradition about the
7252:Esoteric schools of thought
7242:Chinese books of divination
7196:School Sayings of Confucius
6696:Shchutskii, Julian (1979).
6539:. Oxford University Press.
4828:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4643:I Ching: The Book of Change
4578:Lynn, Richard John (1994).
4561:I Ching: The Book of Change
4541:McClatchie, Thomas (1876).
4533:; reprinted numerous times.
3345:characteristica universalis
3257:, even attempted to employ
3199:
3184:
3168:
3124:was especially fond of the
3082:Wood block printed page of
3019:
3003:
1649:
1623:
1611:
1429:
1417:
1213:
1197:
1188:
1177:
1166:
1151:
1140:
1111:
883:divination text called the
7293:
7061:Thousand Character Classic
6734:Smith, Richard J. (2012).
6715:Smith, Richard J. (2008).
6402:Ng Wai-ming (吳偉明) (2000).
4660:Redmond, Geoffrey (2017).
4531:Princeton University Press
4479:Paul-Louis-Félix Philastre
4392:Chinese Taoist Association
3197:—known in Japanese as the
2945:With the fall of the Han,
2876:
1718:
1712:
1515:
1256:
913:, the American sinologist
804:As a divination text, the
29:
6786:The Sacred books of China
6698:Researches on the I Ching
6592:Schuessler, Axel (2007).
6313:Hon Tze-ki (韓子奇) (2005).
6294:Adler, Joseph A. (2022).
6275:Adler, Joseph A. (2020).
6256:Adler, Joseph A. (2002).
5786:, pp. 57, 67, 84–86.
5170:, pp. 126, 187–178;
4834:
4809:
4797:
4785:
4756:
4679:Adler, Joseph A. (2020).
4563:. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
4555:. New York: E. P. Dutton.
4330:Sacred Mountains of China
3712:Three Treasures (virtues)
3395:logic in computer science
3324:. This was criticized by
3302:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
3291:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
3221:during the Kamakura era.
3205:
3174:
3059:The contemporary scholar
3040:By the 11th century, the
3025:
3009:
2999:Annotated Book of Changes
2861:
2844:
2827:
2810:
2793:
2776:
2759:
2742:
2723:
2706:
2689:
2672:
2655:
2638:
2621:
2604:
2585:
2568:
2551:
2534:
2517:
2500:
2483:
2466:
2447:
2430:
2413:
2396:
2379:
2362:
2345:
2328:
2309:
2292:
2275:
2258:
2241:
2224:
2207:
2190:
2171:
2154:
2137:
2120:
2103:
2086:
2069:
2052:
2033:
2016:
1999:
1982:
1965:
1948:
1931:
1914:
1895:
1878:
1861:
1844:
1827:
1810:
1793:
1776:
1655:
1617:
1605:
1423:
1398:Another divination method
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1219:
1203:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1146:
1135:
1117:
1050:
996:
892:
709:
682:
675:
661:
622:
615:
601:
244:
232:
218:
165:
161:
137:
83:
52:
6966:Etiquette and Ceremonial
6925:Spring and Autumn Annals
6736:The I Ching: A Biography
6377:Nelson, Eric S. (2011).
6355:
6240:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6216:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6161:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6092:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6076:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5872:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5860:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5744:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5678:, pp. 52–53, 16–17.
5551:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5375:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5180:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5072:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5012:Redmond & Hon (2014)
4940:Redmond & Hon (2014)
4623:. New York: Ballantine.
4511:Sacred Books of the East
3965:Queen Mother of the West
3166:—known in Korean as the
3084:Zhou Yi Zhuan Yi Da Quan
2977:At the beginning of the
1688:was not included in the
764:, is an ancient Chinese
192:Traditional Chinese
36:I Ching (disambiguation)
7237:1st-millennium BC books
7088:The Methods of the Sima
7072:Seven Military Classics
7054:Hundred Family Surnames
7047:Three Character Classic
7022:Classic of Filial Piety
6118:, pp. 11, 197–198.
4559:Cleary, Thomas (1992).
3970:King Father of the East
3938:Four heavenly ministers
3336:. In their commentary,
3259:Newton's laws of motion
3109:, based in part on the
2983:Emperor Taizong of Tang
2973:Tang and Song dynasties
1326:The ancient narratives
941:bamboo and wooden slips
206:Simplified Chinese
40:Yijing (disambiguation)
6994:Commentary of Gongyang
6573:Rutt, Richard (1996).
6516:Raphals, Lisa (2013).
6450:Nielsen, Bent (2003).
5810:, pp. 89–90, 98;
5714:"What Is the I Ching?"
4664:. London: Bloomsbury.
4580:The Classic of Changes
3343:
3298:
3087:
1276:
1125:The basic unit of the
1122:
752:), usually translated
568:
7247:Chinese folk religion
7001:Commentary of Guliang
6753:Yuasa, Yasuo (2008).
6454:. London: Routledge.
6151:, pp. 1884–1885.
5258:, pp. 1880–1881.
4504:Legge, James (1882).
3389:and subjects such as
3326:Georg Friedrich Hegel
3284:
3209:)—were publicized by
3081:
1751:) and yang is solid (
1538:was written in Early
1498:Xiping Stone Classics
1266:
1102:
949:Warring States period
863:The divination text:
7180:Four Books for Women
7095:Six Secret Teachings
6863:Doctrine of the Mean
6577:. Richmond: Curzon.
6537:Teaching the I Ching
6435:10.1353/ks.2000.0013
5617:, pp. 138, 211.
5393:, pp. 154–155;
5014:, pp. 106–109;
4604:. Richmond: Curzon.
4234:Way of the Li Family
3443:1960s counterculture
3277:Enlightenment Europe
3263:Copernican principle
1408:have also appeared.
1269:Achillea millefolium
819:in which bundles of
633:Revised Romanization
537:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
240:"Classic of Changes"
6612:Shaughnessy, Edward
6352:Knechtges, David R.
6296:The Yijing: A Guide
6242:, pp. 241–243.
6230:, pp. 198–199.
6106:, pp. 11, 198.
6094:, pp. 205–214.
6002:, pp. 143–145.
5702:, pp. 204–206.
5690:, pp. 114–118.
5577:, pp. 248–249.
5553:, pp. 151–152.
5349:, pp. 203–212.
5234:, pp. 129–130.
5158:, pp. 122–125.
5050:, pp. 229–230.
4846:, pp. 24, 290
4452:Jean-Baptiste Régis
1631:and Earth, and the
1599:. For example, the
1369:, and later in the
987:Name and authorship
911:bronze inscriptions
563:Vietnamese alphabet
118:Late 9th century BC
79:Original title
49:
7272:Zhou dynasty texts
6354:(2014). "Yi jing"
6212:Shaughnessy (2014)
6180:Shaughnessy (1993)
6165:Shaughnessy (2014)
5830:, pp. 29–33;
5814:, pp. 29–30;
5770:, pp. 76–79;
5676:Shaughnessy (2014)
5475:Shaughnessy (2014)
5447:Shaughnessy (2014)
5433:, pp. 48–51;
5387:Shaughnessy (1983)
5268:Shaughnessy (2014)
5208:Shaughnessy (1983)
5192:Shaughnessy (2014)
5178:, pp. 30–35;
5176:Shaughnessy (2014)
5174:, pp. 65–66;
5084:Shaughnessy (2014)
5060:Shaughnessy (1999)
5040:Shaughnessy (1983)
5010:, pp. 26–27;
4992:Shaughnessy (2014)
4974:, pp. 32–33;
4968:Shaughnessy (1983)
4928:Shaughnessy (1983)
4367:Cebu Taoist Temple
4357:White Cloud Temple
4219:Way of the Taiping
3330:Chinese characters
3299:
3289:hexagrams sent to
3217:and the Shintoist
3088:
1715:Hexagram (I Ching)
1486:yin-yang cosmology
1458:Classic of Changes
1277:
1271:) stalks used for
1259:I Ching divination
1123:
915:Edward Shaughnessy
761:Classic of Changes
424:[jèːkkíːŋ]
7267:Thirteen Classics
7219:
7218:
7187:Lessons for Women
6987:Commentary of Zuo
6952:Book of Documents
6945:Classic of Poetry
6936:Thirteen Classics
6904:Book of Documents
6897:Classic of Poetry
6764:978-1-435-65870-7
6745:978-0-691-14509-9
6726:978-0-813-92705-3
6688:978-0-231-16184-8
6603:978-1-4356-6587-3
6565:978-9-813-36227-7
6546:978-0-199-76681-9
6527:978-1-107-01075-8
6369:978-90-042-7216-3
6343:978-0-521-11677-0
6305:978-0-190-07246-9
6286:978-0-231-19124-1
6163:, p. 122ff;
5990:, pp. 38–39.
5978:, pp. 28–29.
5966:, pp. 22–25.
5954:, pp. 7, 15.
5930:, pp. 55–56.
5886:, pp. v–xi;
5758:, pp. 76–78.
5627:Shchutskii (1979)
5481:, pp. 31–48.
5453:, pp. 48–50.
5409:, pp. 31–32.
5172:Shchutskii (1979)
5142:978-0-393-05974-8
5125:Bauer, Susan Wise
5112:Shchutskii (1979)
5074:, pp. 54–55.
5044:Schuessler (2007)
5016:Shchutskii (1979)
4764:, after the core
4690:978-0-231-19124-1
4671:978-1-472-51413-4
4652:978-0-374-22090-7
4483:Charles de Harlez
4471:Thomas McClatchie
4440:
4439:
4397:Celestial Masters
3953:Tianhuang Emperor
3561:Taoist philosophy
3455:Jorge Luis Borges
3407:quantum mechanics
3190:reform movement.
3073:Gottfried Leibniz
3071:, later inspired
2879:Influence of the
2870:
2869:
1732:King Wen sequence
1726:In the canonical
1450:Emperor Wu of Han
1354:records found at
1198:yuán hēng lì zhēn
919:King Xuan of Zhou
833:King Wen sequence
713:
712:
705:
704:
645:
644:
552:
551:
388:Yale Romanization
255:Standard Mandarin
150:
149:
123:Publication place
70:) edition of the
16:(Redirected from
7284:
7257:Philosophy books
7173:Classic of Music
6834:Chinese classics
6827:
6820:
6813:
6804:
6768:
6749:
6730:
6711:
6692:
6673:
6657:
6646:
6619:
6607:
6588:
6569:
6550:
6531:
6512:
6487:
6465:
6446:
6417:
6398:
6373:
6347:
6328:
6309:
6290:
6271:
6243:
6237:
6231:
6225:
6219:
6209:
6203:
6189:
6183:
6177:
6168:
6158:
6152:
6149:Knechtges (2014)
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6085:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6055:
6049:
6043:
6037:
6031:
6021:
6015:
6009:
6003:
5997:
5991:
5985:
5979:
5973:
5967:
5961:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5894:, pp. 9–16.
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5832:Knechtges (2014)
5825:
5819:
5816:Knechtges (2014)
5805:
5799:
5796:Knechtges (2014)
5793:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5772:Knechtges (2014)
5765:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5679:
5673:
5667:
5661:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5643:
5634:
5624:
5618:
5608:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5539:Knechtges (2014)
5536:
5530:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5472:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5444:
5438:
5435:Knechtges (2014)
5428:
5422:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5304:
5298:
5292:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5256:Knechtges (2014)
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5220:Knechtges (2014)
5217:
5211:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5165:
5159:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5121:
5115:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5037:
5031:
5028:Knechtges (2014)
5025:
5019:
5005:
4999:
4989:
4983:
4980:Knechtges (2014)
4965:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4913:
4907:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4864:
4853:
4847:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4824:
4818:
4815:Knechtges (2014)
4812:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4775:
4769:
4759:
4758:
4745:
4694:
4675:
4656:
4634:
4615:
4593:
4574:
4519:Wilhelm, Richard
4461:translation was
4432:
4425:
4418:
4335:Wudang Mountains
4244:Chongxuan School
4229:Shangqing School
3777:Sexual practices
3532:
3509:
3348:
3306:Jesuits in China
3219:Yoshida Kanetomo
3208:
3207:
3202:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3111:Great Commentary
3091:Neo-Confucianism
3050:Cheng–Zhu school
3028:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2896:Eliot Weinberger
2866:
2865:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1764:
1754:
1750:
1661:Great Commentary
1658:
1657:
1652:
1641:Great Commentary
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1589:Great Commentary
1577:Great Commentary
1563:Great Commentary
1500:. The canonized
1448:In 136 BC,
1432:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1387:
1383:Great Commentary
1367:Great Commentary
1317:Great Commentary
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1057:
1052:
1043:Great Commentary
1031:King Wen of Zhou
1003:
998:
976:
957:
954:
934:
933: – 782
932:
929:
925:
903:
894:
875:The core of the
770:Chinese classics
751:
750:
749:
742:
738:
734:
701:
700:
684:
678:
677:
664:
663:
641:
640:
624:
618:
617:
604:
603:
585:
584:
571:
548:
547:
546:
531:
530:
529:
507:
506:
486:
485:
462:
461:
450:Ia̍h Keng (
428:
427:
426:
410:
409:
396:
395:
375:
374:
373:
352:
351:
331:
330:
329:
314:
313:
312:
298:
297:
284:
283:
270:
269:
246:
214:
213:
200:
199:
170:
152:
142:
141:
86:
85:
69:
66:
59:Title page of a
57:
50:
21:
7292:
7291:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7282:
7281:
7222:
7221:
7220:
7215:
7146:
7128:
7066:
7034:
6930:
6882:
6841:
6831:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6752:
6746:
6733:
6727:
6714:
6708:
6695:
6689:
6676:
6670:
6649:
6643:
6622:
6610:
6604:
6591:
6585:
6572:
6566:
6553:
6547:
6534:
6528:
6515:
6490:
6484:
6468:
6462:
6449:
6420:
6414:
6401:
6376:
6370:
6357:
6350:
6344:
6331:
6325:
6312:
6306:
6293:
6287:
6274:
6268:
6255:
6251:
6246:
6238:
6234:
6226:
6222:
6210:
6206:
6190:
6186:
6178:
6171:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6102:
6098:
6090:, p. 212;
6086:
6082:
6074:
6070:
6062:
6058:
6050:
6046:
6038:
6034:
6026:, p. 379;
6022:
6018:
6010:
6006:
5998:
5994:
5986:
5982:
5974:
5970:
5962:
5958:
5950:
5946:
5938:
5934:
5926:
5922:
5914:
5910:
5902:
5898:
5890:, p. 229;
5882:
5878:
5870:
5866:
5858:, p. 128;
5854:
5850:
5842:
5838:
5834:, p. 1891.
5826:
5822:
5818:, p. 1890.
5806:
5802:
5798:, p. 1891.
5794:
5790:
5782:
5778:
5774:, p. 1889.
5766:
5762:
5754:
5750:
5734:
5730:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5686:
5682:
5674:
5670:
5662:
5658:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5637:
5629:, p. 213;
5625:
5621:
5609:
5605:
5599:Peterson (1982)
5597:
5593:
5585:
5581:
5573:
5569:
5561:
5557:
5549:
5545:
5541:, p. 1882.
5537:
5533:
5525:
5521:
5513:
5509:
5501:
5497:
5489:
5485:
5477:, p. 284;
5473:
5469:
5461:
5457:
5445:
5441:
5437:, p. 1889.
5429:
5425:
5417:
5413:
5405:
5401:
5385:
5381:
5373:
5369:
5357:
5353:
5345:
5341:
5329:
5325:
5317:
5313:
5305:
5301:
5293:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5266:
5262:
5254:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5222:, p. 1879.
5218:
5214:
5206:, p. 118;
5202:
5198:
5194:, pp. 2–3.
5190:
5186:
5166:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5135:. p. 300.
5123:
5122:
5118:
5110:, p. 249;
5106:
5102:
5094:
5090:
5082:
5078:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5054:
5046:, p. 566;
5042:, p. 106;
5038:
5034:
5030:, p. 1877.
5026:
5022:
5006:
5002:
4994:, p. 282;
4990:
4986:
4982:, p. 1885.
4970:, p. 219;
4966:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4938:, p. 220;
4934:, p. 337;
4930:, p. 105;
4922:, p. 377;
4914:
4910:
4906:, chs. 1, 6, 7.
4898:
4894:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4863:, p. 258)
4854:
4850:
4826:Referred to as
4825:
4821:
4817:, p. 1881
4776:
4772:
4746:
4739:
4734:
4701:
4691:
4678:
4672:
4659:
4653:
4637:
4631:
4618:
4612:
4596:
4590:
4577:
4571:
4558:
4463:Richard Wilhelm
4436:
4407:
4406:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4320:
4312:
4311:
4296:
4266:
4249:Quanzhen School
4209:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4170:
4137:
4089:
4041:
4022:
4012:
4011:
3980:Eight Immortals
3926:Lingbao Tianzun
3921:Yuanshi Tianzun
3916:Three Pure Ones
3906:
3896:
3895:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3707:
3699:
3698:
3662:Three Treasures
3556:
3507:
3495:latent variable
3459:Terence McKenna
3431:Richard Wilhelm
3379:1911 Revolution
3375:
3363:Jacques Derrida
3359:predicate logic
3279:
3235:Kumazawa Banzan
3138:
3093:
3069:binary sequence
2997:'s 3rd-century
2975:
2905:
2886:The sinologist
2884:
2875:
2859:
2853:
2842:
2836:
2825:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2791:
2785:
2774:
2768:
2757:
2751:
2740:
2734:
2721:
2715:
2704:
2698:
2687:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2653:
2647:
2636:
2630:
2619:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2583:
2577:
2566:
2560:
2549:
2543:
2532:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2498:
2492:
2481:
2475:
2464:
2458:
2445:
2439:
2428:
2422:
2411:
2405:
2394:
2388:
2377:
2371:
2360:
2354:
2343:
2337:
2326:
2320:
2307:
2301:
2290:
2284:
2273:
2267:
2256:
2250:
2239:
2233:
2222:
2216:
2205:
2199:
2188:
2182:
2169:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2084:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2050:
2044:
2031:
2025:
2014:
2008:
1997:
1991:
1980:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1912:
1906:
1893:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1859:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1825:
1819:
1808:
1802:
1791:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1752:
1748:
1724:
1717:
1711:
1520:
1514:
1446:
1385:
1261:
1255:
1223:, ancient form
1097:
989:
970:
955:
937:Shanghai Museum
930:
922:
885:Changes of Zhou
873:
868:
755:Book of Changes
746:
745:
744:
736:
693:Revised Hepburn
557:Vietnamese name
456:E̍k Keng (
455:
371:
310:
290:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
237:Literal meaning
181:
133:
74:
67:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7290:
7288:
7280:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7224:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7206:
7199:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7176:
7169:
7162:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7136:
7134:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7084:
7081:The Art of War
7076:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7042:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7025:
7018:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6969:
6962:
6955:
6948:
6940:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6921:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6892:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6873:
6866:
6859:
6856:Great Learning
6851:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6832:
6830:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6792:
6775:
6774:External links
6772:
6770:
6769:
6763:
6750:
6744:
6731:
6725:
6712:
6706:
6693:
6687:
6674:
6668:
6647:
6641:
6620:
6608:
6602:
6589:
6583:
6570:
6564:
6551:
6545:
6532:
6526:
6513:
6493:Book of Change
6488:
6482:
6470:Nylan, Michael
6466:
6460:
6447:
6423:Korean Studies
6418:
6412:
6399:
6389:(3): 377–396.
6374:
6368:
6348:
6342:
6329:
6323:
6310:
6304:
6291:
6285:
6272:
6266:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6232:
6220:
6218:, p. 239.
6204:
6184:
6182:, p. 225.
6169:
6153:
6141:
6120:
6108:
6096:
6080:
6078:, p. 231.
6068:
6066:, p. 205.
6056:
6054:, p. 383.
6044:
6042:, p. 381.
6032:
6030:, p. 204.
6016:
6014:, p. 197.
6004:
5992:
5980:
5968:
5956:
5944:
5932:
5920:
5918:, p. xvi.
5916:Nielsen (2003)
5908:
5906:, p. 177.
5896:
5876:
5874:, p. 227.
5864:
5862:, p. 177.
5848:
5846:, p. 144.
5836:
5820:
5800:
5788:
5776:
5760:
5748:
5746:, p. 159.
5742:, p. 45;
5738:, p. 58;
5728:
5704:
5692:
5680:
5668:
5656:
5635:
5619:
5615:Nielsen (2003)
5613:, p. 27;
5603:
5591:
5579:
5567:
5565:, p. 221.
5555:
5543:
5531:
5519:
5517:, p. 260.
5515:Nielsen (2003)
5507:
5505:, p. 229.
5495:
5483:
5467:
5455:
5439:
5431:Nielsen (2003)
5423:
5421:, p. 337.
5419:Raphals (2013)
5411:
5399:
5389:, p. 97;
5379:
5377:, p. 257.
5367:
5365:, p. 167.
5363:Raphals (2013)
5361:, p. 27;
5351:
5347:Raphals (2013)
5339:
5337:, p. 336.
5335:Raphals (2013)
5333:, p. 43;
5323:
5321:, p. 173.
5311:
5309:, p. 129.
5307:Raphals (2013)
5299:
5284:
5272:
5260:
5248:
5246:, p. 131.
5236:
5224:
5212:
5210:, p. 123.
5196:
5184:
5182:, p. 128.
5160:
5148:
5141:
5116:
5114:, p. 133.
5108:Nielsen (2003)
5100:
5096:Nielsen (2003)
5088:
5086:, p. 144.
5076:
5064:
5062:, p. 295.
5052:
5032:
5020:
5000:
4984:
4978:, p. 22;
4960:
4958:, p. 218.
4948:
4942:, p. 37;
4932:Raphals (2013)
4918:, p. 22;
4908:
4900:Redmond (2021)
4892:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4848:
4844:Nielsen (2003)
4819:
4770:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4709:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4689:
4676:
4670:
4657:
4651:
4635:
4629:
4616:
4610:
4594:
4588:
4575:
4569:
4556:
4546:
4535:
4534:
4521:(1924, 1950).
4516:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:Taoist priests
4399:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4327:
4325:Grotto-heavens
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4246:
4241:
4239:Lingbao School
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4174:Zhang Guoxiang
4169:
4168:
4163:
4161:Wang Chongyang
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4141:Cheng Xuanying
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3995:Yellow Emperor
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3671:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3447:Philip K. Dick
3415:interpretation
3399:Joseph Needham
3391:linear algebra
3374:
3371:
3314:binary numbers
3295:Joachim Bouvet
3278:
3275:
3253:. One writer,
3137:
3134:
3122:Kangxi Emperor
3102:Great Learning
3092:
3089:
3065:binary numbers
3020:Zhōuyì zhèngyì
2974:
2971:
2904:
2901:
2890:describes the
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2850:
2833:
2816:
2799:
2782:
2765:
2748:
2730:
2729:
2712:
2695:
2678:
2661:
2644:
2627:
2610:
2592:
2591:
2574:
2557:
2540:
2523:
2506:
2489:
2472:
2454:
2453:
2436:
2419:
2402:
2385:
2368:
2351:
2347:大壯 (dà zhuàng)
2334:
2316:
2315:
2298:
2281:
2264:
2247:
2230:
2213:
2196:
2178:
2177:
2160:
2143:
2126:
2109:
2092:
2075:
2058:
2040:
2039:
2022:
2005:
1988:
1971:
1954:
1937:
1920:
1902:
1901:
1884:
1867:
1850:
1833:
1816:
1799:
1782:
1713:Main article:
1710:
1707:
1579:describes the
1544:Middle Chinese
1516:Main article:
1513:
1510:
1445:
1439:
1267:Fifty yarrow (
1257:Main article:
1254:
1251:
1096:
1093:
1047:eight trigrams
1019:folk etymology
988:
985:
872:
869:
867:
861:
782:Warring States
711:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
695:
689:
688:
687:Transcriptions
680:
679:
672:
666:
665:
658:
652:
651:
647:
646:
643:
642:
635:
629:
628:
627:Transcriptions
620:
619:
612:
606:
605:
598:
592:
591:
587:
586:
579:
573:
572:
565:
559:
558:
554:
553:
550:
549:
539:
533:
532:
522:
516:
515:
509:
508:
501:
499:Middle Chinese
495:
494:
492:Middle Chinese
488:
487:
480:
471:
470:
464:
463:
446:
437:
436:
430:
429:
418:
412:
411:
404:
398:
397:
390:
384:
383:
381:Yue: Cantonese
377:
376:
367:
361:
360:
354:
353:
346:
340:
339:
333:
332:
322:
316:
315:
306:
300:
299:
292:
286:
285:
278:
272:
271:
264:
258:
257:
251:
250:
249:Transcriptions
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
220:
219:
216:
215:
208:
202:
201:
194:
188:
187:
183:
182:
171:
163:
162:
159:
158:
148:
147:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
80:
76:
75:
58:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7289:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7262:Synchronicity
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7212:
7211:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7120:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7078:
7077:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7019:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6973:Book of Rites
6970:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6959:Rites of Zhou
6956:
6954:
6953:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6911:Book of Rites
6908:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6888:Five Classics
6885:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6865:
6864:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6839:
6835:
6828:
6823:
6821:
6816:
6814:
6809:
6808:
6805:
6798:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6773:
6766:
6760:
6756:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6737:
6732:
6728:
6722:
6718:
6713:
6709:
6707:0-691-09939-1
6703:
6699:
6694:
6690:
6684:
6680:
6675:
6671:
6669:0-521-47030-7
6665:
6661:
6656:
6655:
6648:
6644:
6642:1-557-29043-1
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6599:
6595:
6590:
6586:
6584:0-700-70467-1
6580:
6576:
6571:
6567:
6561:
6557:
6552:
6548:
6542:
6538:
6533:
6529:
6523:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6503:(1): 67–116.
6502:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6485:
6483:0-300-13033-3
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6461:0-700-71608-4
6457:
6453:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6419:
6415:
6413:0-824-82242-0
6409:
6405:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6361:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6339:
6335:
6330:
6326:
6324:0-791-46311-7
6320:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6301:
6297:
6292:
6288:
6282:
6278:
6273:
6269:
6267:1-592-67334-1
6263:
6259:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6241:
6236:
6233:
6229:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6214:, p. 1;
6213:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6145:
6142:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6072:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6052:Nelson (2011)
6048:
6045:
6041:
6040:Nelson (2011)
6036:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6024:Nelson (2011)
6020:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5945:
5942:, p. 65.
5941:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5909:
5905:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5672:
5669:
5666:, p. 37.
5665:
5660:
5657:
5649:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5633:, p. 46.
5632:
5628:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5607:
5604:
5601:, p. 73.
5600:
5595:
5592:
5589:, p. 51.
5588:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5532:
5529:, p. 48.
5528:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5499:
5496:
5493:, p. 48.
5492:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5468:
5465:, p. 39.
5464:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5400:
5397:, p. 26.
5396:
5392:
5388:
5383:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5300:
5297:, p. 27.
5296:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5282:, p. 39.
5281:
5276:
5273:
5270:, p. 14.
5269:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5021:
5018:, p. 98.
5017:
5013:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4998:, p. 22.
4997:
4993:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4952:
4949:
4946:, p. 26.
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4926:, p. 2;
4925:
4921:
4920:Nelson (2011)
4917:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4896:
4893:
4890:, p. 17.
4889:
4884:
4881:
4875:
4870:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4830:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4805:
4793:
4781:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:Luoshu Square
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4639:Hinton, David
4636:
4632:
4630:0-345-36243-8
4626:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4611:0-700-70467-1
4607:
4603:
4599:
4598:Rutt, Richard
4595:
4591:
4589:0-231-08294-0
4585:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4570:0-877-73661-8
4566:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4549:Blofeld, John
4547:
4544:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4433:
4428:
4426:
4421:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4352:Taoist temple
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4342:Mount Penglai
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4319:Sacred places
4316:
4315:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:Zhang Sanfeng
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4055:Zhang Daoling
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3948:Ziwei Emperor
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3931:Daode Tianzun
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Hongjun Laozu
3909:
3908:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3876:Qingjing Jing
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3717:Five Precepts
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3608:(five phases)
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3488:scholarship.
3487:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3467:Joni Mitchell
3464:
3463:Hermann Hesse
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3439:synchronicity
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3355:Gottlob Frege
3352:
3351:Boolean logic
3347:
3346:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:A diagram of
3283:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3271:Zhang Zhidong
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:Shizuki Tadao
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3021:
3016:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2940:Zhou yi jijie
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:Michael Nylan
2883:
2882:
2872:
2864:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2830:
2829:小過 (xiǎo guò)
2823:
2817:
2813:
2812:中孚 (zhōng fú)
2806:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1984:同人 (tóng rén)
1978:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1613:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1470:Five Classics
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:The classic:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:Shang dynasty
1232:
1227:
1215:
1210:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1179:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1121:) 'to divine'
1113:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1089:Tang of Shang
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:Rites of Zhou
1062:
1058:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
994:
986:
984:
982:
981:
974:
969:
968:
963:
962:
961:Rites of Zhou
950:
946:
942:
938:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
898:
890:
886:
882:
878:
870:
866:
862:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:yarrow stalks
818:
816:
811:
807:
802:
799:
795:
794:Five Classics
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:
757:
756:
748:
741:
730:
726:
725:
720:
719:
708:
696:
694:
690:
685:
681:
673:
671:
667:
659:
657:
653:
650:Japanese name
648:
636:
634:
630:
625:
621:
613:
611:
607:
599:
597:
593:
588:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
564:
560:
555:
540:
538:
534:
523:
521:
520:Baxter (1992)
517:
514:
510:
502:
500:
496:
493:
489:
481:
479:
476:
472:
469:
465:
459:
453:
447:
445:
442:
438:
435:
431:
425:
419:
417:
413:
405:
403:
399:
391:
389:
385:
382:
378:
368:
366:
362:
359:
355:
347:
345:
341:
338:
334:
328:
323:
321:
317:
307:
305:
301:
293:
291:
287:
279:
277:
273:
265:
263:
259:
256:
252:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
209:
207:
203:
195:
193:
189:
184:
179:
175:
169:
164:
160:
157:
153:
146:
140:
135:
132:Original text
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
81:
77:
73:
62:
56:
51:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7185:
7178:
7171:
7164:
7157:
7139:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7093:
7086:
7079:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7039:San Bai Qian
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6923:
6917:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6875:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6794:
6788:
6785:
6780:
6754:
6735:
6716:
6697:
6678:
6653:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6615:
6593:
6574:
6555:
6536:
6517:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6473:
6451:
6429:(1): 53–68.
6426:
6422:
6403:
6386:
6382:
6359:
6333:
6314:
6295:
6276:
6257:
6235:
6228:Smith (2012)
6223:
6207:
6192:
6187:
6156:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6123:
6116:Smith (2012)
6111:
6104:Smith (2012)
6099:
6088:Smith (2008)
6083:
6071:
6064:Smith (2008)
6059:
6047:
6035:
6028:Smith (2008)
6019:
6012:Smith (2008)
6007:
5995:
5983:
5971:
5959:
5947:
5935:
5923:
5911:
5904:Smith (2008)
5899:
5892:Adler (2020)
5888:Smith (2008)
5884:Adler (2002)
5879:
5867:
5856:Smith (2008)
5851:
5839:
5823:
5808:Smith (2008)
5803:
5791:
5784:Smith (2008)
5779:
5768:Smith (2008)
5763:
5756:Smith (2012)
5751:
5740:Nylan (2001)
5736:Smith (2008)
5731:
5723:
5717:
5707:
5700:Nylan (2001)
5695:
5683:
5671:
5664:Smith (2008)
5659:
5631:Smith (2012)
5622:
5611:Smith (2008)
5606:
5594:
5587:Yuasa (2008)
5582:
5575:Nylan (2001)
5570:
5563:Nylan (2001)
5558:
5546:
5534:
5527:Smith (2008)
5522:
5510:
5503:Nylan (2001)
5498:
5491:Smith (2012)
5486:
5479:Smith (2008)
5470:
5458:
5451:Smith (2008)
5442:
5426:
5414:
5407:Smith (2008)
5402:
5395:Smith (2008)
5382:
5370:
5359:Smith (2008)
5354:
5342:
5331:Smith (2012)
5326:
5314:
5302:
5295:Smith (2008)
5280:Smith (2012)
5275:
5263:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5215:
5199:
5187:
5163:
5151:
5133:W. W. Norton
5131:. New York:
5128:
5119:
5103:
5098:, p. 7.
5091:
5079:
5067:
5055:
5048:Nylan (2001)
5035:
5023:
5003:
4996:Smith (2012)
4987:
4976:Smith (2012)
4963:
4956:Nylan (2001)
4951:
4936:Nylan (2001)
4916:Smith (2012)
4911:
4904:Adler (2022)
4895:
4883:
4861:Nielsen 2003
4851:
4839:
4822:
4773:
4752:
4749:*k-lˤeng
4748:
4723:
4718:Qimen Dunjia
4716:
4704:
4680:
4661:
4642:
4620:
4601:
4579:
4560:
4552:
4542:
4536:
4526:
4522:
4509:
4505:
4497:
4495:
4491:Richard Rutt
4487:John Blofeld
4458:
4456:
4447:
4443:
4441:
4347:Mount Kunlun
4191:
4151:Zhang Boduan
4133:Tao Hongjing
4045:Heshang Gong
3943:Jade Emperor
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3862:Sanhuangjing
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3820:Tao Te Ching
3818:
3812:
3811:
3786:
3768:
3757:
3750:
3741:
3734:
3722:Ten Precepts
3692:
3688:
3678:
3666:
3649:
3641:
3634:
3631:(non-action)
3626:
3618:
3611:
3603:
3592:Yin and yang
3584:
3577:
3570:
3505:Translations
3485:
3483:
3470:
3426:
3409:, physicist
3402:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3337:
3309:
3300:
3286:
3266:
3246:
3242:
3222:
3215:Kokan Shiren
3194:
3192:
3179:
3163:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3139:
3130:Qing dynasty
3125:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3083:
3058:
3053:
3041:
3039:
3035:Song dynasty
3033:through the
3030:
3014:
2998:
2990:
2979:Tang dynasty
2976:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2921:
2912:
2906:
2891:
2885:
2880:
2691:歸妹 (guī mèi)
2398:家人 (jiā rén)
2381:明夷 (míng yí)
2192:無妄 (wú wàng)
1916:小畜 (xiǎo xù)
1760:
1757:
1746:
1741:
1727:
1725:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1660:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1600:
1596:
1593:bifurcations
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1474:Confucianism
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1434:
1412:
1410:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1289:yarrow plant
1284:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1246:
1243:
1233:of the late
1231:oracle bones
1208:
1194:
1156:
1126:
1124:
1084:
1082:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1042:
1035:Duke of Zhou
1026:
1024:
1015:oracle bones
1007:Zhou dynasty
1000:
992:
990:
978:
966:
959:
944:
906:
900:
884:
881:Western Zhou
876:
874:
864:
853:yin and yang
841:Confucianism
836:
828:
814:
805:
803:
797:
786:cosmological
778:Western Zhou
773:
760:
759:
754:
753:
723:
722:
717:
716:
714:
545:lek(k-lˤeng)
434:Southern Min
365:Romanization
262:Hanyu Pinyin
224:Hanyu Pinyin
186:Chinese name
173:
155:
71:
61:Song dynasty
44:
7159:Bai Hu Tong
7133:Mathematics
6249:Works cited
5688:Rutt (1996)
5463:Rutt (1996)
5391:Rutt (1996)
5319:Rutt (1996)
5244:Rutt (1996)
5232:Rutt (1996)
5204:Rutt (1996)
5168:Rutt (1996)
5156:Rutt (1996)
5008:Rutt (1996)
4972:Rutt (1996)
4944:Rutt (1996)
4888:Kern (2010)
4766:Old Chinese
4762:Han dynasty
4725:Taixuanjing
4506:The Yî King
4475:James Legge
4469:. Although
4467:Cary Baynes
4290:Zhengyi Dao
4254:Dragon Gate
4123:Kou Qianzhi
4118:Bao Jingyan
4032:Zhuang Zhou
3841:Taipingjing
3479:The Beatles
3367:logocentric
3357:to develop
3249:to explain
3241:ranked the
3169:Yeok Gyeong
3052:, read the
2993:. Choosing
2987:Kong Yingda
2923:Taixuanjing
2909:Eastern Han
2907:During the
2863:未濟 (wèi jì)
2243:大過 (dà guò)
2122:噬嗑 (shì kè)
2001:大有 (dà yǒu)
1650:keijijōgaku
1540:Old Chinese
1381:. From the
1352:Qin dynasty
1011:Feng Youlan
971: [
909:with dated
590:Korean name
513:Old Chinese
468:Eastern Min
178:seal script
143:at Chinese
95:Old Chinese
68: 1100
7226:Categories
7102:Wei Liaozi
6847:Four Books
6000:Ng (2000a)
5988:Ng (2000a)
5976:Ng (2000a)
5964:Ng (2000a)
5952:Ng (2000a)
5940:Ng (2000b)
5928:Ng (2000b)
5844:Hon (2005)
5828:Hon (2005)
5812:Hon (2005)
5449:, passim;
4924:Hon (2005)
4871:References
4706:Lingqijing
4513:, vol. XVI
4362:Louguantai
4305:Yao Taoism
4128:Lu Xiujing
4108:Wei Huacun
4103:Sun Hanhua
4050:Wei Boyang
3794:Priesthood
3727:Meditation
3646:(immortal)
3623:(reversal)
3490:Li Jingchi
3435:archetypes
3411:Niels Bohr
3377:After the
3265:within an
3239:Nakae Tōju
3231:Itō Jinsai
3227:Edo period
3211:Rinzai Zen
3004:Zhōuyì zhù
2963:Zhouyi zhu
2959:Han Kangbo
2936:Xun Shuang
2877:See also:
2846:既濟 (jì jì)
2209:大畜 (dà xù)
1468:among the
1452:named the
1406:cartomancy
1281:cleromancy
1275:divination
1239:Zheng Xuan
956: 475
939:corpus of
931: 827
817:divination
810:cleromancy
766:divination
639:Yeokgyeong
528:ljek(keng)
408:Jik6 Ging1
344:Suzhounese
304:Wade–Giles
145:Wikisource
105:Divination
6838:Confucian
6443:162334992
6167:, passim.
4876:Citations
4840:Zuo Zhuan
4838:) in the
4777:The word
4214:Huang–Lao
4166:Qiu Chuji
4156:Sun Bu'er
4146:Chen Tuan
4098:Guo Xiang
4065:Zhang Jue
4037:Lie Yukou
3869:Huahujing
3834:Huainanzi
3706:Practices
3657:True form
3451:John Cage
3423:Carl Jung
3136:East Asia
3061:Shao Yong
2928:Jing Fang
2553:升 (shēng)
1737:Mawangdui
1709:Hexagrams
1672:Confucius
1552:Zuo zhuan
1528:Ten Wings
1518:Ten Wings
1512:Ten Wings
1435:Zuo Zhuan
1413:Zuo Zhuan
1372:Huainanzi
1348:Zuo Zhuan
1329:Zuo Zhuan
1309:) and 9 (
1297:) and 8 (
1095:Structure
1078:Confucius
1005:) of the
991:The name
812:known as
790:Ten Wings
737:Mandarin:
569:Kinh Dịch
394:Yihk Gīng
174:I (Ching)
115:Published
109:cosmology
7008:Analects
6870:Analects
6614:(1983).
6472:(2001).
5127:(2007).
4699:See also
4641:(2015).
4600:(1996).
4551:(1965).
4262:Wuliupai
4184:Zhu Quan
4070:Zhang Lu
3904:Theology
3848:Xiang'er
3827:Zhuangzi
3731:Alchemy
3555:Concepts
3514:a series
3512:Part of
3499:Gao Heng
3353:and for
3334:alphabet
3261:and the
3146:Yi Hwang
3046:Cheng Yi
2985:ordered
2778:渙 (huàn)
2708:豐 (fēng)
2674:漸 (jiàn)
2640:震 (zhèn)
2623:鼎 (dǐng)
2587:井 (jǐng)
2502:夬 (guài)
2432:蹇 (jiǎn)
2311:恆 (héng)
2294:咸 (xián)
2105:觀 (guān)
2018:謙 (qiān)
1863:訟 (sòng)
1829:蒙 (méng)
1812:屯 (zhūn)
1778:乾 (qián)
1703:Analects
1627:), with
1482:Legalism
1394:Gao Heng
1375:and the
1356:Shuihudi
1131:hexagram
1033:and the
977:and the
967:Lianshan
849:Buddhism
825:hexagram
670:Hiragana
505:yek geng
402:Jyutping
372:Yit Gang
296:Yih Jing
276:Bopomofo
91:Language
48:I Ching
7232:I Ching
7029:Mencius
6980:I Ching
6918:I Ching
6877:Mencius
6796:Yi Jing
6625:I Ching
6509:2719121
4768:period.
4498:I Ching
4459:I Ching
4448:I Ching
4444:I Ching
4224:Xuanxue
4207:Schools
4193:Fangshi
4113:Ge Hong
4085:Wang Bi
4075:Ge Xuan
4007:Li Hong
4002:Guan Yu
3985:Chang'e
3890:Daozang
3883:Baopuzi
3813:I Ching
3651:Zhenren
3613:Bianhua
3545:History
3540:Outline
3486:I Ching
3427:I Ching
3403:I Ching
3387:I Ching
3383:I Ching
3338:I Ching
3310:I Ching
3287:I Ching
3267:I Ching
3247:I Ching
3243:I Ching
3223:I Ching
3213:master
3203: (
3200:Eki Kyō
3195:I Ching
3180:I Ching
3172: (
3164:I Ching
3150:I Ching
3142:I Ching
3126:I Ching
3118:I Ching
3097:I Ching
3054:I Ching
3042:I Ching
3031:I Ching
2995:Wang Bi
2991:I Ching
2967:Guan Lu
2955:I Ching
2951:Wang Bi
2947:I Ching
2913:I Ching
2892:I Ching
2881:I Ching
2795:節 (jié)
2761:兌 (duì)
2744:巽 (xùn)
2657:艮 (gèn)
2570:困 (kùn)
2536:萃 (cuì)
2519:姤 (gòu)
2468:損 (sǔn)
2449:解 (xiè)
2415:睽 (kuí)
2364:晉 (jìn)
2330:遯 (dùn)
2260:坎 (kǎn)
2088:臨 (lín)
2054:隨 (suí)
1950:泰 (tài)
1880:師 (shī)
1795:坤 (kūn)
1742:Zhou yi
1728:I Ching
1698:Zhou yi
1694:Zhou yi
1686:I Ching
1682:I Ching
1645:I Ching
1633:Shuogua
1597:I Ching
1585:I Ching
1581:I Ching
1567:Dazhuan
1556:I Ching
1548:I Ching
1536:Zhou yi
1532:Zhou yi
1524:Zhou yi
1506:Zhou yi
1502:I Ching
1494:I Ching
1490:Zhou yi
1466:I Ching
1462:I Ching
1454:Zhou yi
1443:I Ching
1411:In the
1378:Lunheng
1363:I Ching
1344:Zhou yi
1340:Zhou yi
1321:Zhou yi
1315:). The
1285:Zhou yi
1273:I Ching
1209:I Ching
1167:guàmíng
1157:Zhou yi
1129:is the
1127:Zhou yi
1085:I Ching
1074:Ma Rong
1069:Zhou yi
1061:Zhou yi
1027:Zhou yi
993:Zhou yi
980:Guicang
945:Zhou yi
926:
907:Zhou yi
902:Zhōu yì
889:Chinese
877:I Ching
871:History
865:Zhou Yi
857:Wu Xing
837:I Ching
829:I Ching
815:I Ching
806:I Ching
798:I Ching
774:I Ching
729:Chinese
718:I Ching
577:Chữ Hán
484:Ĭk Gĭng
441:Hokkien
350:Yih Jin
311:I Ching
268:Yì Jīng
228:Yì Jīng
156:I Ching
101:Subject
72:I Ching
7151:Others
6761:
6742:
6723:
6704:
6685:
6666:
6662:–351.
6639:
6629:Chou I
6600:
6581:
6562:
6543:
6524:
6507:
6480:
6458:
6441:
6410:
6366:
6340:
6321:
6302:
6283:
6264:
6201:vol. 2
6197:vol. 1
6134:20 May
5139:
4857:Zhu Xi
4687:
4668:
4649:
4627:
4608:
4586:
4567:
4080:He Yan
4060:Gan Ji
4020:People
3752:Bugang
3743:Waidan
3736:Neidan
3628:Wu wei
3605:Wuxing
3522:Taoism
3471:Hejira
3381:, the
3373:Modern
3318:theism
3237:, and
3186:silhak
2932:Yu Fan
2725:旅 (lǚ)
2606:革 (gé)
2485:益 (yì)
2277:離 (lí)
2226:頤 (yí)
2173:復 (fù)
2156:剝 (bō)
2139:賁 (bì)
2071:蠱 (gŭ)
2035:豫 (yù)
1967:否 (pǐ)
1933:履 (lǚ)
1897:比 (bǐ)
1846:需 (xū)
1629:Heaven
1615:) and
1601:Wenyan
1587:, the
1478:Taoism
1390:Zhu Xi
899::
897:pinyin
891::
845:Taoism
772:. The
731::
724:Yijing
699:Ekikyō
596:Hangul
475:Fuzhou
282:ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
18:Zhouyi
7210:Xunzi
7109:Wu Zi
6840:texts
6505:JSTOR
6439:S2CID
5651:(PDF)
4804:guàcí
4732:Notes
4508:. In
4500:are:
4027:Laozi
3958:Houtu
3855:Liezi
3806:Texts
3636:Ziran
3599:Bagua
3586:Taiji
3477:" by
3293:from
1572:Xi ci
1569:) or
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879:is a
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656:Kanji
610:Hanja
543:*
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358:Hakka
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126:China
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6836:and
6759:ISBN
6740:ISBN
6721:ISBN
6702:ISBN
6683:ISBN
6664:ISBN
6637:ISBN
6627:易經 (
6598:ISBN
6579:ISBN
6560:ISBN
6541:ISBN
6522:ISBN
6478:ISBN
6456:ISBN
6408:ISBN
6364:ISBN
6338:ISBN
6319:ISBN
6300:ISBN
6281:ISBN
6262:ISBN
6136:2021
5137:ISBN
4792:duàn
4780:tuàn
4753:jing
4747:The
4685:ISBN
4666:ISBN
4647:ISBN
4625:ISBN
4606:ISBN
4584:ISBN
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4481:and
4473:and
4442:The
3788:Fulu
3770:Bigu
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3691:and
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3461:and
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3026:周易正義
2934:and
1656:形而上学
1639:The
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1404:and
1402:dice
1332:and
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1214:zhēn
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