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460:. The idea came to Nelson in 1981 in the following form: "Going rightward and downward might not necessarily get you to the same place as going downward and rightward." At that time Nelson was working at Datapoint in San Antonio, Texas. Since employees are generally required to report new software concepts to their employer, Nelson told his supervisor, Klavs Landberg. Landberg's reaction was "Get out of here with your crazy ideas." Nelson took this as permission to develop the idea independently.
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At any moment, the display shows any two dimensions in table form, but only existing cells are shown—what would be empty space on a spreadsheet simply does not exist. Users can pivot the display about any cell to efficiently "rotate" any unseen dimension in place of either visible one, allowing them
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Each cell may have at most one positive connection and one negative connection in any dimension. The user may step freely from a cell to any adjacent cell in a selected dimension. Each node exists on all dimensions, though it may or may not be connected to anything in that dimension.
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Whereas conventional spreadsheet software requires a rectangle of equal-length rows, the ZigZag model holds arbitrary structures of cells—as long as they are orthogonally connected (left edge to right edge, top edge to bottom, and so on in as many dimensions as desired).
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project GZigZag (later Gzz) developed another prototype with more views and other conventions, but Ted Nelson stopped supporting it. The underlying zzStructure was a patented technology (
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The data structures in the standard demo (marriage and children) become a visualization (a family tree, explorable, from Queen
Elizabeth II, up to Queen Victoria).
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Nelson's basic demo video shows how a person may be given a name, title, date of birth, spouse and children. This generalizes to a family-tree view.
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Adam Moore, while at the
University of Nottingham, used the GzigZag prototype to demonstrate an animated demonstration of biochemistry in a video.
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POSSIPLEX : Movies, Intellect, Creative
Control, My Computer Life and the Fight for Civilization : AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF Ted Nelson
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Various abstractions have been posited to use ZigZag as a programming system, some of which were in Andrew Pam's 1996 prototype.
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Since hyperthogonal structure is abstract, it can in principle be used for anything—data, visualization, programing, animation.
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A Cosmology for a
Different Computer Universe: Data Model, Mechanisms, Virtual Machine and Visualization Infrastructure
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Text editing was in the Azz prototype and is also possible in the Gzz package, though it is not emphasized.
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trademark, the idea being that a user can zig and zag through structures in multiple dimensions.
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477:). The patent expired on May 5, 2019. The Gzz prototype is available at xanadu.com/zigzag.
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The first prototype consisting of two character-graphical views was implemented as a
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573:. Journal of Digital Information, Volume 5 Issue 1. Article No. 298, 2004-07-16.
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Nelson calls this structure "hyperthogonal". He personally retains the ZigZag
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580:. Proceedings of 15th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (HT) 2004.
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Interactive connection, viewing, and maneuvering system for complex data
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ZigZag® Visible
Database-- Adam Moore presents Bioinformatics
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Nelson tells the origin of the idea in his autobiography,
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Ted Nelson on ZigZag® Data
Structures (by Arthur Bullard)
771:"A Gentle Introduction to Ted Nelson's ZigZag Structure"
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Theodor Holm Nelson, POSSIPLEX. Mindful Press, 2010.
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to browse high dimensional grids in a zigzag manner.
467:module by Andrew Pam in 1997. From 2000 to 2003, a
605:Nelson, Theodor H. (Theodor Holm), 1937- (2010).
424:whose cells can contain various kinds of data.
687:It is a sad story. It is an infuriating story
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639:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
643:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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330:List of concept- and mind-mapping software
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66:Learn how and when to remove this message
29:This article includes a list of general
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576:Michael J. McGuffin, m. c. schraefel.
669:Antti Juhani Kaijanaho (2004-09-01).
492:Possible directions of generalization
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760:Ted Nelson on Zigzag data structures
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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769:Tuomas Lukka (19 December 2002).
755:Xanadu project website on ZigZag
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734:from the original on 2021-12-21
708:from the original on 2021-12-21
143:Ontology (information science)
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408:The design is centered on an
401:is a data model, invented by
554:- "a better World Wide Web"
345:Problem structuring methods
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526:For contrast, the current
418:interactive visualizations
320:Entity–relationship model
103:Business decision mapping
592:. Issued July 17, 2001.
530:and its standards are:
501:Data and visualization:
128:Knowledge visualization
50:more precise citations.
315:Diagrammatic reasoning
138:Morphological analysis
671:"Ted Nelson's ZigZag"
589:U.S. patent 6,262,736
583:Theodor Holm Nelson.
569:Theodor Holm Nelson.
474:U.S. patent 6,262,736
410:information structure
340:Ontology (philosophy)
239:Layered graph drawing
113:Graphic communication
548:- metadata structure
254:Organizational chart
249:Object-role modeling
166:Node–link approaches
148:Schema (psychology)
90:Information mapping
481:Key demonstrations
259:Pathfinder network
123:Information design
108:Data visualization
658:GZigZag Home Page
618:978-0-89347-004-3
611:. Mindful Press.
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325:Geovisualization
310:Design rationale
269:Semantic network
199:Conceptual graph
153:Visual analytics
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679:. Retrieved
675:the original
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552:Semantic Web
542:- data model
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508:programming:
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350:Semantic Web
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174:Argument map
133:Mental model
118:Infographics
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56:January 2010
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34:
762:— video on
536:- hypertext
422:spreadsheet
414:zzstructure
355:Treemapping
264:Radial tree
194:Concept map
48:introducing
788:Ted Nelson
782:Categories
738:2019-12-27
712:2019-12-27
561:References
403:Ted Nelson
234:Issue tree
209:Dendrogram
179:Cladistics
31:references
793:Hypertext
635:cite book
627:671424633
458:POSSIPLEX
436:Structure
412:called a
284:Topic map
274:Sociogram
229:Issue map
224:Hypertext
732:archived
706:archived
521:See also
416:and its
302:See also
279:Timeline
244:Mind map
764:YouTube
452:History
44:improve
625:
615:
399:ZigZag
294:ZigZag
33:, but
683:2006
645:link
641:link
623:OCLC
613:ISBN
534:HTML
465:Perl
335:Olog
546:RDF
540:XML
784::
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446:®
387:e
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
