135:
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38:
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1024:, has been urged to prevail on Zimbabwe, to fully implement recommendations of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR), on improving human rights conditions. The Commission made a fact-finding mission to Zimbabwe in June 2002, and the Union's findings and recommendations were adopted in January 2005, at its summit in
622:. All of the 120 elected seats in the 150-seat House of Assembly were up for election. There were a further 20 members appointed by the President and ten elected by traditional chiefs, who mostly support the government. Electoral colleges for the election of the ten chiefs to the parliament were to be held on 8 April.
1165:
Under the Public Order and
Security Act (POSA), it is a requirement for organisers of public meetings to first notify the police of the intention to gather. It is an offence, under the same law, for more than five people to meet without notifying the police, who have the prerogative to permit or deny
1283:
The
Zimbabwe Election Support Network, which had some 6,000 observers in the 8,000 polling stations, says that some 10% of would-be voters were turned away, either because their names were not on the electoral roll, they did not have the right identity papers, or they were in the wrong constituency.
853:
However, on 15 March
Zimbabwe's new Electoral Court ruled he could contest parliamentary elections. Nomination would be accepted on 4 April, while polling would take place on 30 April. An appeal by the government reversed this. The appeal was not contested by the MDC or the Bennetts. They considered
651:
As the results became clear the MDC denounced what it called "the sham elections," which it said had been marked by massive electoral fraud. "The elections cannot be judged to be free and fair," an MDC statement said. "The distorted nature of the pre-election playing field and the failure to address
772:
The workers were expelled from their homes on farms along with their employers. Thus they did not have the necessary wad of official documents required to register as voters. In addition, many could not afford to travel to their original farm constituencies to verify their details on voters' rolls.
748:
The
Registrar General refused to release the roll in electronic form, supported by judgments from the Supreme Court, necessitating any analysis to work from a paper copy. Electoral Law is very specific in that the roll must be readily and freely available to any person, however it took two years to
1161:
ZCTU requested that an independent electoral commission be established and international observers be allowed in the country, and the government also needed to scrap strict laws restricting the opposition's access to the media and barring it from holding public rallies and meetings without police
712:
Harare alone is expected to have 522 polling stations, up from 167 polling stations in the presidential elections. For the first time since independence from white minority rule in 1980, Zimbabwe will be holding elections on one day as opposed to two. Ballot counting will also take place at
645:, ZANU-PF polled nearly 60% of the vote, an increase of 11% over the 2000 results. The MDC's vote fell 9 to 39 percent. As a result of the election, ZANU-PF had a two-thirds majority in the legislature, allowing the government to change the Constitution.
716:
Voting must take place at these polling stations: any
Zimbabweans living overseas must therefore have registered to be in the electoral roll by 4 February, and must vote in Zimbabwe. Requirements such as these are not uncommon in democratic countries.
962:
On 8 March at Betura village, ward 16, more than 2 000 people were denied access to buy grain for allegedly failing to produce the badges. Only 200 people who had attended Zanu-PF rallies over the weekend had the badges and were allowed to buy maize.
706:
High Court Judge George
Chiweshe, who chairs the recently established Zimbabwe Electoral Commission, stated that 8227 polling stations will be set up in all of the country's 10 provinces – more than double the number used in previous elections.
987:
MDC spokesperson Paul Themba Nyathi said the MDC limited its analysis to the 30 seats because the electoral commission refused to release figures for other races, a decision he said "indicates widespread irregularities" in those other areas.
1052:
International observers (except South Africa) are required to pay US$ 300, while South
African observers pay US$ 100. Of international observer teams, only South African ones have sufficient personnel and resources to cover rural
983:
In each case, the MDC said its candidate had an unassailable lead, polling more than half the official total of votes cast. However, the official returns showed 183,000 more votes than the electoral commission said were cast.
773:
Recently enacted laws demand that potential voters provide proof of residence before they can register. Rural
Zimbabweans either produce letters from their headman or chief or from their farm employer as proof of residence.
1003:
in August 2004 governing principles and guidelines on elections; however, no reports on
Zimbabwe's compliance have been issued by the body. One of the stipulations is that SADC monitors be invited 90 days before the poll.
742:
The voters roll is the cornerstone of "one person – one vote." Attempts to verify this have been extremely difficult to carry out because of obstruction and non-co-operation from the
Zimbabwe Registrar General.
884:
after he was excluded from running as the ZANU-PF candidate. The party had decided that a woman should contest the Tsholotsho constituency instead of him, a decision that was linked to Moyo's opposition to
535:
1209:
Mlambo Ngcuka said the observer mission had asked the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) to provide evidence to support their claims of discrepancies in 32 of the 120 constituencies.
854:
that voters would be safer polling on the same day as the rest of the country, where a delay would allow Zanu-PF to concentrate efforts in that district. The MDC has never won a by-election.
1092:
The 20-member South African parliamentary observer mission led by ANC chief whip Mbulelo Goniwe left for Zimbabwe on 14 March, and will return to South Africa on 3 April. On 18 April, the
959:
Muchauraya said in Chipinge South, Enock Porusingazi was issuing badges inscribed "Election 2005" to supporters attending his rallies. The badges are then used as a ticket to buy maize.
1096:
Member of Parliament and mission member Vincent Gore withdrew, saying that since their arrival in Harare, the mission had been plagued by inefficiency, bad planning "and wasted time".
2115:
1073:, Affirmative Action Group, Evangelical Fellowship of Zimbabwe, Centre for Peace Initiatives in Southern Africa and the Southern African Institute for Democracy and Good Governance.
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Sikhumbuzo Ndiweni, a former ZANU PF Bulawayo Provincial Information and Publicity Secretary, is co-ordinating the Independent Candidates Solidarity Network. Members are:
2078:
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Mdladlana said the elections on Thursday "by and large" conformed to election guidelines adopted by southern African leaders last year for holding a democratic vote.
1552:
1272:, speaker of the previous parliament, and tipped at one time to succeed Mugabe but recently fallen from grace, lost his seat Kwe-kwe to the MDC's Blessing Chebundo.
857:
Roy Bennett's application for release before the elections, on the basis of good behaviour and dissolution of the parliament that ordered the incarceration, failed.
980:
said in 11 races the winning Zanu-PF candidate got more votes in the official returns than the government's own electoral commission said were cast in those races.
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By 4 February, an SADC team tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that Zimbabwe complies with the regional protocol had yet to receive permission to visit.
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Five members of South Africa's governing African National Congress party arrived in Harare on 10 March headed by James Motlatsi, the first foreign observers.
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on 1 February. 31 March was a public holiday to enable easier voter participation. The parliament was dissolved on 30 March, one day before the elections.
846:'s wife Heather Bennett intended to stand for Chimanimani rural district after the nomination court refused papers filed on behalf of her jailed husband.
950:
1196:"Let me congratulate the people of Zimbabwe for holding a peaceful, credible and well-organised election which we feel reflects the will of the people"
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1127:(ZCTU) and research conditions for a fair poll. They were deported from Zimbabwe within hours after police broke up a meeting between them and ZCTU.
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In that constituency, 64 percent of people in one densely populated block in Harare North, are not known at the addresses given on the voters' roll.
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1079:, deputy foreign minister for South Africa, said the country has been invited to observe the Zimbabwean poll in at least five different capacities.
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Zanu-PF candidates took over control of grain stocks in Manicaland and Masvingo from the Grain Marketing Board (GMB) and are vetting beneficiaries.
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In the 2000 election, Mtoliki Sibanda of the MDC won with 69% of the vote over Mathema of Zanu-PF. Sibanda will be defending his seat again in 2005.
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Only a single MDC constituency managed to complete the audit ahead of the deadline for objections to the voters' roll – a month before the poll.
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has said that Zanu-PF has used threats and intimidation against opposition supporters ahead of the elections which now cannot be free and fair.
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The MDC sees the main issues as being jobs, food, peace, affordable AIDS drugs and honest, competent emphatic leadership. Their rallying cry is
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organisations are relatively strong and able to prevent electoral manipulation. The MDC also won a majority of seats in the southern region of
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Zimbabwe's main opposition party said an investigation indicates massive electoral fraud in at least 30 seats won by the ruling Zanu-PF party.
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core democratic deficits precluded a free and fair election." The MDC claimed it would have won 90 seats if the vote had been free and fair.
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It has been invited as a member of SADC, as chair of the organ on politics, defence and security, and as a neighbouring country. The ruling
498:
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Anyone performing voter education (from approved materials only) must supply full contact details and address, as well as funding sources.
1673:
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1070:
1276:, an independent, won the Tsholotsho constituency from the MDC. Another significant loss for the MDC was Chimanimani, contested by
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1183:"It is the view of the mission that the 2005 parliamentary elections in Zimbabwe reflect the free will of the people of Zimbabwe"
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On 19 February 2005, 32 nations were invited by President Robert Mugabe to observe the parliamentary elections in Zimbabwe.
1016:, 32 Nigerian NGOs and 17 from Zimbabwe, have expressed concern about the continued abuses of human rights in the country.
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1169:
ZTCU suggested that the date of the elections be postponed. ZCTU themselves have been barred from observing the election.
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There is also a South African government delegation, led by Labour Minister Membathisi Mdladlana, which arrived 15 March.
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Domestic poll observers require a 'registration fee' of US$ (in local currency) – approximately the monthly minimum wage.
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1032:"The majority of human rights concerns documented by the fact-finding mission in 2002 remain serious problems today,"
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in Zimbabwean politics, as an election issue. ZANU-PF is also stressing the benefits obtained through its policy of
847:
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individual polling stations and new, translucent ballot boxes will replace wooden ones used in previous elections.
318:
1213:"We have received complaints and asked for information. We still don't have it. There is not much more we can do."
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1110:(later Deputy President), spokesperson South African foreign affairs official Nomfanelo Kota, left on 15 March.
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The 50-member SADC observer mission including 10 South African delegates headed by Minerals and Energy Minister
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airport, charged under Section 18A of the Immigration Act which relates to prohibited immigrants. In response,
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1265:, in central and northern Zimbabwe, where the majority of the population lives, ZANU-PF won all but one seat.
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648:
The elections were not free and fair, as the ruling ZANU-PF party engaged in violence against the opposition.
1529:
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Tens of thousands of former workers on white-owned farms were deprived of their votes in the March election.
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The results showed the same pattern as in 2000. The MDC won virtually all the seats in the main cities,
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After a meeting the next day between the unions in South Africa Cosatu spokesperson Patrick Craven said
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alleged that voters have been threatened with starvation or violence if they fail to support Zanu-PF.
17:
793:. Both it and the opposition party expect ZANU-PF to end up with the majority of seats in parliament.
323:
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has also been asked to send an observer team, while parliament has set up a multi-party delegation.
134:
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1202:, the South African cabinet minister that led the 55-member, 11-country observer mission from the
735:
Nomination courts sat on 18 February to receive names of those intending to contest in the polls (
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1156:"It is quite clear at the moment as things stand that there cannot be free and fair elections"
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667:. Their report focuses specifically on the time after voting until results were announced.
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The former information minister registered to run as an independent in the constituency
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663:, a Zimbabwean underground pro-democracy movement, also released a report entitled
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A detailed account of the MDC's allegations of electoral fraud can be seen at the
167:
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890:
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753:
789:. ZANU-PF forms the current government and is led by the Zimbabwean president,
756:
conceded that Zimbabwe's voters roll was defective and needed to be looked at.
1564:
1076:
822:
660:
1653:
1046:
Approved Zimbabwean observers only announced two days before the elections
691:
No foreign funding allowed for voter education, unless donated through ZEC.
637:(MDC). ZANU-PF won 78 seats to the MDC's 41, with one independent. (In the
1691:
1234:
615:
1230:
1185:
said South African Labour Minister Membathisi Mdladlana, who led the
1138:
682:
The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) controls all voter education.
892:
He will be facing Musa Ncube-Mathema, the wife of Bulawayo governor
633:
won the elections with an increased majority against the opposition
1149:
members are allowed to enter Zimbabwe without applying for a visa.
1025:
688:
Non-Zimbabwean citizens are strictly banned from voter education.
1662:
1557:
Election Violence in Zimbabwe: Human Rights, Politics and Power
1648:
1591:
Parliamentary Election 31 March 2005: Nomination Court Results
641:, the ZANU-PF won 62 seats to the MDC's 57). According to the
1123:— sent a fact-finding mission in October 2004 to talk to the
825:, the British prime minister, and United States president
627:
Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
685:
They will supply materials for use in voter education.
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Elections in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
1225:
Results of the 2005 Zimbabwean parliamentary election
1119:(COSATU)—a member of the South African ruling party
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1962:
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1751:
1703:
536:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
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618:on 31 March 2005 to elect members to the Zimbabwe
1145:, a respected human rights lawyer, said that all
787:Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front
1559:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 184–215,
1057:Other organisations among those invited are the
1012:Non-government organisations (NGOs), among them
1189:government observer mission for the elections.
1134:, Secretary-General of COSATU, was turned back
1674:
1630:from the Zimbabwe Ministry of Foreign Affairs
928:withdrew in favour of Kembo Mohadi of Zanu-PF
595:
8:
1130:On 2 February 2005, a second mission led by
29:
949:No-go areas have been declared in Bindura.
732:The voters' roll was closed on 4 February.
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697:Fines and imprisonment face transgressors.
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588:
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1634:Angus Reid Consultants – Election Tracker
821:Zanu-PF is using claimed interference of
678:In accordance with an Act of Parliament:
807:Zimbabwe African National Union - Ndonga
1551:Kwashirai, Vimbai Chaumba, ed. (2023),
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725:The election date was set by President
251:
1204:Southern African Development Community
1147:Southern African Development Community
1117:Congress of South African Trade Unions
998:Southern African Development Community
30:2005 Zimbabwean parliamentary election
18:Zimbabwe parliamentary elections, 2005
1697:Elections and referendums in Zimbabwe
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781:The main parties participating were:
752:In February, South African president
614:Parliamentary elections were held in
7:
1616:Institute of War and Peace Reporting
1166:permission to hold public meetings.
840:, and their symbol is an open hand.
1600:"Zim not ready for free, fair poll"
117:
1393:Zimbabwe People's Democratic Party
919:Leonard Nkala (Phelandaba/Mpopoma)
813:Zimbabwe People's Democratic Party
25:
1586:Voter's Roll Audit – kubatana.net
1553:"What General Elections in 2005?"
1261:-dominated ZANU-PF. But in rural
1125:Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions
1071:Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights
1067:Zimbabwe Election Support Network
796:The main opposition party is the
665:“What happened on Thursday night”
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910:Fanuel Chiremba (Tafara-Mabvuku)
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1654:SADC observer mission statement
1268:In some notable local results,
1333:Movement for Democratic Change
978:Movement for Democratic Change
916:Charles Mpofu (Bulawayo South)
809:– spokesperson Reketai Semwayo
798:Movement for Democratic Change
635:Movement for Democratic Change
1:
931:Godwin Shiri (Mberengwa East)
629:party (ZANU-PF) of President
1059:Zimbabwe Council of Churches
872:Former Information Minister
643:Zimbabwe Election Commission
75:120 of the 150 seats in the
1649:Official website of the MDC
1644:Official website of ZANU-PF
992:Observer mission statements
922:Stars Mathe (Pumula/Luveve)
907:Tendekai Mswata (St Mary's)
2166:
1530:African Elections Database
1374:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance
1222:
817:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance
2112:
1628:Official election results
1565:10.1017/9781108120265.010
1527:
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1515:Registered voters/turnout
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1257:, continue to oppose the
1084:African National Congress
926:Lloyd Siyoka (Beitbridge)
913:Peter Nyoni (Hwange East)
721:Timetable and voters roll
114:
46:
34:
2140:2005 elections in Africa
904:Dunmore Makuwaza (Mbare)
499:Administrative divisions
1753:Parliamentary elections
1429:Presidential appointees
1063:Law Society of Zimbabwe
940:The opposition MDC and
896:, standing for Zanu-PF.
1705:Presidential elections
1200:Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
1108:Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
996:Zimbabwe ratified new
552:Diplomatic missions of
284:Constitutional history
2135:Elections in Zimbabwe
1249:, once supporters of
1175:Amnesty International
1094:Independent Democrats
1014:Amnesty International
1606:Zimbabwe Independent
1596:Zimbabwe Independent
1020:Chairman, President
749:obtain such a copy.
481:Electoral Commission
324:Constantino Chiwenga
254:Politics of Zimbabwe
1489:Invalid/blank votes
1288:
179:Last election
31:
2150:2005 controversies
1639:List of candidates
1612:, 4 February 2005.
1602:, 4 February 2005.
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1270:Emmerson Mnangagwa
312:Emmerson Mnangagwa
222:Popular vote
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1574:978-1-107-19081-8
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1534:
1280:'s wife Heather.
1022:Olusegun Obasanjo
802:Morgan Tsvangirai
620:House of Assembly
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569:Visa requirements
529:Foreign relations
486:Political parties
371:National Assembly
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201:Seat change
185:46.84%, 57 seats
182:48.47%, 62 seats
158:Morgan Tsvangirai
77:House of Assembly
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16:(Redirected from
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2145:2005 in Zimbabwe
1926:Senate elections
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1317:
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1299:
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1247:Ndebele people
1223:Main article:
1220:
1217:
1055:
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1050:
1044:
993:
990:
968:
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937:
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920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
901:
900:
897:
870:
867:Margaret Dongo
827:George W. Bush
819:
818:
815:
810:
804:
794:
778:
775:
722:
719:
699:
698:
695:
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689:
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672:
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610:
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383:Constituencies
380:
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368:
367:
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350:
347:
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343:
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338:
333:
332:
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319:Vice-President
316:
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286:
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98:
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84:
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71:
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67:
66:
60:
55:
44:
43:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2162:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
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2133:
2132:
2130:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
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2090:
2087:
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2080:
2077:
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2049:
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2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
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1321:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:Jonathan Moyo
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:civil society
1236:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:South African
1184:
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1168:
1163:
1159:
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1128:
1126:
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1109:
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1103:
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1080:
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1068:
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1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
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1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:African Union
1015:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
991:
989:
985:
981:
979:
974:
973:
967:Vote-counting
966:
964:
960:
957:
956:
952:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:Jonathan Moyo
935:
930:
927:
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921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
898:
895:
891:
888:
883:
880:
879:
878:
876:(Tsholotsho)
875:
874:Jonathan Moyo
871:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
859:
855:
851:
850:
848:
845:
841:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
816:
814:
811:
808:
805:
803:
799:
795:
792:
791:Robert Mugabe
788:
784:
783:
782:
776:
774:
771:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:
755:
750:
746:
745:
740:
738:
734:
731:
728:
727:Robert Mugabe
720:
718:
714:
710:
709:
704:
703:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
679:
677:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
646:
644:
640:
639:2000 election
636:
632:
631:Robert Mugabe
628:
623:
621:
617:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
586:
585:
583:
582:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
557:
553:
550:
549:
543:
539:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
525:
524:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
500:
495:
494:
487:
484:
482:
479:
473:
470:
465:
464:
462:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
424:
423:
421:
420:
417:
412:
411:
404:
403:Supreme Court
401:
400:
394:
393:
384:
381:
377:
374:
373:
372:
369:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
355:
352:
351:
345:
344:
337:
334:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
317:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
304:
298:
297:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
278:
273:
272:
269:
268:
264:
260:
259:
255:
250:
238:
235:
232:
231:
227:
224:
221:
220:
211:
203:
200:
199:
195:
192:
189:
188:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
154:
153:Robert Mugabe
151:
148:
147:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
128:
124:
121:
118:
113:
109:
99:
95:
85:
81:
78:
72:
65: →
64:
61:
59:
58:31 March 2005
56:
54:
51:←
50:
49:
45:
33:
27:
19:
1895:
1605:
1595:
1556:
1546:
1412:Independents
1282:
1267:
1251:Joshua Nkomo
1245:, where the
1243:Matabeleland
1228:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1164:
1162:permission.
1160:
1155:
1153:
1143:George Bizos
1129:
1114:
1105:
1100:
1091:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1056:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1011:
1006:
995:
986:
982:
975:
970:
961:
958:
953:
939:
925:
894:Cain Mathema
887:Joyce Mujuru
861:
856:
852:
842:
837:
835:
820:
780:
768:
765:
760:
751:
747:
741:
724:
715:
711:
705:
701:
700:
675:
674:
654:
650:
647:
624:
613:
463:Referendums
442:
329:Kembo Mohadi
289:Human rights
277:Constitution
57:
26:
2057:Referendums
1502:Total votes
1476:Valid votes
1354:ZANU–Ndonga
1278:Roy Bennett
1263:Mashonaland
844:Roy Bennett
831:land reform
754:Thabo Mbeki
657:MDC website
625:The ruling
574:Visa policy
556:in Zimbabwe
348:Legislature
233:Percentage
86:5,658,624 (
2129:Categories
2114:See also:
1538:References
1215:she said.
1077:Aziz Pahad
823:Tony Blair
671:Background
540:Minister:
354:Parliament
301:Government
228:1,041,292
225:1,569,867
83:Registered
1518:5,658,624
1505:2,696,670
1479:2,634,645
1458:2,634,645
1337:1,041,292
1316:1,569,867
800:, led by
661:Sokwanele
511:Districts
506:Provinces
416:Elections
397:Judiciary
364:President
307:President
1528:Source:
1237:, where
1235:Bulawayo
1121:alliance
777:Campaign
616:Zimbabwe
564:Passport
422:General
100:47.66% (
1312:ZANU–PF
1219:Results
936:Conduct
838:Change!
737:results
376:Speaker
336:Cabinet
239:39.52%
236:59.59%
168:ZANU–PF
149:Leader
130:
119:
97:Turnout
1571:
1508:100.00
1492:62,025
1461:100.00
1442:Chiefs
1415:16,223
1231:Harare
1139:Harare
1053:areas.
1000:rules
359:Senate
164:Party
92:6.99%)
1521:47.66
1482:97.70
1455:Total
1358:6,608
1340:39.52
1319:59.59
1301:Seats
1295:Votes
1292:Party
1259:Shona
1198:said
1026:Abuja
516:Wards
2104:2013
2099:2000
2094:1979
2089:1969
2084:1964
2079:1961
2074:1953
2069:1934
2064:1922
2048:2023
2043:2018
2038:2013
2033:2008
2028:2006
2023:2003
2018:2002
2013:1998
2008:1995
2003:1993
1998:1991
1993:1985
1988:1984
1983:1983
1978:1981
1973:1980
1954:2023
1949:2018
1944:2013
1939:2008
1934:2005
1916:2023
1911:2018
1906:2013
1901:2008
1896:2005
1891:2000
1886:1995
1881:1990
1876:1985
1871:1980
1866:1979
1861:1977
1856:1974
1851:1970
1846:1965
1841:1962
1836:1958
1831:1954
1826:1948
1821:1946
1816:1939
1811:1934
1806:1933
1801:1928
1796:1924
1791:1920
1786:1914
1781:1911
1776:1908
1771:1905
1766:1902
1761:1899
1743:2023
1738:2018
1733:2013
1728:2008
1723:2002
1718:1996
1713:1990
1569:ISBN
1495:2.30
1418:0.62
1399:0.00
1380:0.02
1361:0.25
1255:ZAPU
1233:and
1115:The
976:The
785:The
472:2013
469:2000
455:2023
452:2018
449:2013
446:2008
443:2005
440:2000
437:1995
434:1990
431:1985
428:1980
106:0.67
63:2008
53:2000
1969:...
1561:doi
1464:150
1377:594
1346:–16
1325:+16
1304:+/–
1253:'s
1137:at
739:).
217:16
209:16
196:41
193:78
173:MDC
2131::
1608:,
1598:,
1567:,
1555:,
1447:10
1434:20
1424:+1
1396:61
1367:–1
1343:41
1322:78
1206:.
1158:.
1069:,
1065:,
1061:,
1028:.
889:.
833:.
659:.
554:/
108:pp
1682:e
1675:t
1668:v
1563::
1467:0
1450:0
1437:0
1421:1
1405:–
1402:0
1386:–
1383:0
1364:0
1298:%
1049:.
603:e
596:t
589:v
110:)
20:)
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