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barrier between the plant and a fungus. A protectant fungicide is not absorbed into the plant and must be applied prior to infection. Ziram can either be directly sprayed on to a plant’s leaf or it can be used as a soil and seed treatment. The top five crops ziram is used on are:
785:
Shen, Shuling; Zhang, Yejun; Peng, Long; Xu, Bing; Du, Yaping; Deng, Manjiao; Xu, Huarui; Wang, Qiangbin (2011). "Generalized
Synthesis of Metal Sulfide Nanocrystals from Single-Source Precursors: Size, Shape and Chemical Composition Control and Their Properties".
407:
and leaf spot in cherries, and scab and anthracnose in pecans. Ziram also began to be used on residential ornaments as a bird and mammal repellent. As a protectant fungicide, it is active on the plant’s surface where it forms a
824:
Mahid
Motevalli; PaulO'Brien; John R.Walsh; Ian M.Watson (1996). "Synthesis, characterization and x-ray crystal structures of asymmetric bis(dialkyldithiocarbamates) of zinc: Potential precursors for ZnS deposition".
573:. Each Zn center is in a distorted pentacoordinate site, with four Zn–S bonds of 2.3 Å length and one Zn–S interaction is over 2.8 Å in length. Mono-zinc derivatives are obtained by adding strong
852:
N. Sreehari; Babu
Varghese; P. T. Manoharan (1990). "Crystal and molecular structure of dimeric biszinc(II) and the study of exchange-coupled copper(II)-copper(II) pairs in its lattice".
733:. Cornell University, Oregon State University, the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis and the Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University
661:
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in tomatoes. In 1981, additional uses for ziram were approved, including the prevention of leaf blight and scab on almonds, shot-hole in apricots,
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Known as ziram in agriculture, it was introduced in the United States in 1960 as a broad-spectrum fungicide. It was used to address
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Annually, approximately 1.9 million pounds of the active ziram ingredient are used. Ziram is often sold in powder or
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dose (amount of pesticide that is lethal to 50% of the test organisms within the stated study time) for
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has concluded that ziram poses a low toxicity risk to mammals, a moderate risk to birds, and a
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http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/pyrethrins-ziram/ziram-ext.html
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641:– a closely related complex, but where methyl has been replaced with ethyl
479:, where R can be varied. Such compounds are produced by treating zinc and
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The compound is a prototypical zinc dithiocarbamate, a broad class of
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Zinc bis(diethyldithiocarbamate) complexes degrade thermally to give
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Alternatively, ziram is used as an additive ingredient in industrial
430:
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
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629:– a related complex, but with three dimethyldithiocarbamate ligands
1159:
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544:
109:
99:
635:– a related complex, but where zinc has been replaced with nickel
1073:
752:
Rüdiger
Schubart (2000). "Dithiocarbamic Acid and Derivatives".
445:
426:
251:
InChI=1S/2C3H7NS2.Zn/c2*1-4(2)3(5)6;/h2*1-2H3,(H,5,6);/q;;+2/p-2
902:
211:
731:
Extension
Toxicology Network Pesticide Information Profiles
659:
Van Gysel, August B.; Musin, Willy (2000). "Methylamines".
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549:Structure of the ethyl-methyl carbamate derivative
692:
690:
491:), as illustrated with dimethyldithiocarbamate:
173:
707:. United States Environmental Protection Agency
379:of rubber, and other industrial applications.
85:
754:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
662:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
371:. It is a pale yellow solid that is used as a
914:
8:
892:in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
819:
817:
577:(L) such as amines, which give adducts Zn(S
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907:
899:
617:places it in the "highly toxic" category.
569:are dimeric, i.e. their proper formula is
226:
151:
129:
15:
193:
609:Pesticide Database concluded that its LC
651:
272:
247:
222:
142:
254:Key: DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
7:
633:Nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
164:
64:zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, Ziram
627:Iron tris(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
14:
1453:Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors
889:Zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)
444:, and paint. It also serves as a
639:Zinc bis(diethyldithiocarbamate)
308:
302:
48:′)(μ-dimethylcarbamodithioato-1κ
22:
1412:Monoamine metabolism modulators
599:Environmental Protection Agency
345:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
314:
296:
40:(μ-Dimethylcarbamodithioato-1κ
1:
1404:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors
1384:Receptor/signaling modulators
455:on outdoor ornamental items.
839:10.1016/0277-5387(95)00559-5
603:high risk to aquatic species
361:Zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate
320:
1469:
1408:Monoamine releasing agents
557:Compounds of the type Zn(S
1448:Monoaminergic neurotoxins
1376:
930:Monoaminergic neurotoxins
339:
283:
263:
238:
69:
61:
35:
30:
21:
762:10.1002/14356007.a09_001
671:10.1002/14356007.a16_535
607:Pesticide Action Network
756:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
665:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
369:dimethyldithiocarbamate
554:
467:with the formulae Zn(R
465:coordination complexes
275:CN(C)C(=S).CN(C)C(=S).
1307:MDMA (midomafetamine)
548:
391:on apples and pears,
1170:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
1092:Oxidopamine (6-OHDA)
1082:-Methylnorsalsolinol
377:sulfur vulcanization
365:coordination complex
1292:MDA (tenamfetamine)
1223:4-CAB (α-ethyl-PCA)
1165:MDA (tenamfetamine)
866:10.1021/ic00345a020
335: g·mol
18:
960:-Cysteinyldopamine
800:10.1039/c0ce00982b
593:Ecological effects
555:
349:Infobox references
16:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1252:-Dimethyldopamine
1243:α-Me-DA (3,4-DHA)
860:(20): 4011–4015.
833:(16): 2801–2808.
357:Chemical compound
355:
354:
207:CompTox Dashboard
111:Interactive image
1460:
1443:Dithiocarbamates
1378:
1029:Dopamine quinone
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1312:Methamphetamine
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1069:MPP (cyperquat)
1064:Methamphetamine
975:ALDH inhibitors
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1150:6-Hydroxydopa
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1133:
1131:
1130:2'-Amino-MPTP
1128:
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1122:Noradrenergic
1119:
1113:
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1087:Norsalsolinol
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1034:Fenpropathrin
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1019:DOPAL quinone
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
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1000:
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987:
984:
983:methylmercury
980:
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507:+ Zn → Zn((CH
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143:ECHA InfoCard
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1380:
1379:
1267:Fenfluramine
1249:
1185:Serotonergic
1111:
1079:
1009:DOPA quinone
957:
938:Dopaminergic
895:
887:
857:
853:
847:
830:
826:
794:(14): 4572.
791:
788:CrystEngComm
787:
780:
753:
747:
735:. Retrieved
730:
721:
709:. Retrieved
704:
660:
654:
596:
556:
535:zinc sulfide
532:
525:
462:
435:
386:
383:Applications
360:
359:
70:Identifiers
62:Other names
53:
49:
45:
41:
1388:Adrenergics
1272:Haloperidol
1039:Haloperidol
989:Amphetamine
854:Inorg. Chem
397:anthracnose
284:Properties
149:100.004.808
1433:Fungicides
1427:Categories
1208:2,4,5-THMA
1107:Salsolinol
979:disulfiram
951:2,4,5-THMA
827:Polyhedron
771:3527306730
646:References
615:amphibians
423:nectarines
328:Molar mass
195:73D8UA974J
122:ChemSpider
98:3D model (
77:CAS Number
37:IUPAC name
1381:See also:
1203:2,4,5-THA
1135:2,4,5-THA
946:2,4,5-THA
808:1466-8033
737:April 26,
711:April 26,
597:The U.S.
541:Structure
459:Chemistry
453:repellent
438:adhesives
405:brown rot
393:leaf curl
373:fungicide
1351:Unsorted
1175:Xylamine
1102:Rotenone
1097:Paraquat
1054:Mancozeb
1024:Dopamine
1004:Dieldrin
621:See also
442:caulking
433:grapes.
410:chemical
87:137-30-4
1238:5,7-DHT
1233:5,6-DHT
1218:3,4-DCA
1198:2,4-DCA
1155:DOPEGAL
1145:5,7-DHT
1140:5,6-DHT
999:Daidzin
994:Benomyl
977:(e.g.,
965:5,6-DHT
727:"Ziram"
698:"Ziram"
575:ligands
528:granule
419:peaches
415:almonds
162:PubChem
1358:5-HIAL
806:
768:
677:
530:form.
450:mammal
431:raisin
401:blight
375:, the
333:305.80
268:SMILES
31:Names
17:Ziram
1368:RHPTP
1228:5-IAI
1160:DSP-4
1112:Ziram
1059:Maneb
1014:DOPAL
701:(PDF)
495:2 (CH
427:pears
363:is a
243:InChI
100:JSmol
1363:RHPP
1337:PCMA
1317:MMAI
1302:MDEA
1297:MDAI
1287:MBDB
1282:HPTP
1213:3-CA
1074:MPTP
1049:HPTP
804:ISSN
766:ISBN
739:2015
713:2015
675:ISBN
448:and
446:bird
399:and
389:scab
186:UNII
175:8722
131:8397
56:)bis
52:′,2κ
1342:PIA
1332:PCA
1327:PBA
1277:HPP
1262:DCA
1257:αET
1044:HPP
862:doi
835:doi
796:doi
758:doi
667:doi
611:50
589:L.
581:CNR
561:CNR
515:NCS
503:NCS
487:NCS
471:NCS
212:EPA
165:CID
44:,2κ
1429::
1410:•
1406:•
1402:•
1398:•
1394:•
1390:•
1386:•
1248:α,
981:,
956:5-
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