48:
1741:
554:. The Archival Bureau's duties were to print authoritative editions of the classic works, to collate the styles of characters, to check and proofread government texts, and to produce a standard orthographic handbook. This became the first Chinese orthographic dictionary, Yan Shigu's book the
616:, which were arranged into 89 sections according to the number of strokes in the regular script. The head character was in seal script and entries were in regular script, giving notation first, followed by the definition. All the exegetic interpretations quote the
1628:
499:
means "Correct or proper spelling; spelling according to accepted usage; the way in which words are conventionally written. (By extension) Any mode or system of spelling." (
1179:
834:
562:顏氏字樣 "Mr. Yan's Character Models") gave model samples of writing characters in different scripts, which his grandson Yan Yuansun 顏元孫 (d. 732) used as the basis for his
638:"clothing; clothes". Nevertheless, this dictionary was important for the study of lexicographical theories concerning dictionary compilation in the Song Dynasty.
1568:
627:, such as listing some characters twice and inconsistencies in the 89-radical system. It did have a useful appendix with 82 popular erroneous writings, such as
1558:
1436:
1598:
827:
1608:
1548:
1773:
1638:
532:(618–907) in an effort to rectify discrepancies among characters written in seal, clerical, and regular scripts, and to standardize
1578:
820:
1763:
1744:
1588:
1234:
1469:
1513:
533:
1480:
1618:
653:
537:
528:
The first
Chinese orthographic dictionaries, or "'character model' dictionaries", were compiled during the
1532:
249:
518:
341:
329:
681:, tr. by Zhang Liqing 張立青 National East Asian Languages Resource Center, Ohio State University. p. 72.
1768:
1692:
1416:
1212:
295:
812:
1280:
514:
492:
480:
475:
Furthermore, the
Japanese lexicographer Shirakawa Shizuka 白川静 edited an identically titled (1996)
434:
has been partially reconstructed from fragments of early texts and quotations in classical texts.
168:
1721:
1201:
1097:
847:
843:
510:
406:
337:
325:
746:
1682:
1108:
1086:
1075:
1042:
794:
709:
610:
418:
378:"communicate/connect (with); join; understand thoroughly; master". While the title is usually
1702:
1491:
1379:
405:
Li
Congzhou's choice of title was the name of an earlier character dictionary that is now a
100:
69:
1458:
1302:
1249:
1223:
1119:
349:
56:
123:
1425:
1130:
713:
545:
379:
353:
189:
182:
1757:
987:
932:
605:
550:
1401:
1390:
1368:
1357:
588:
576:
529:
522:
463:
451:
414:
158:
107:
1346:
575:, various orthography dictionaries and character books were published during the
17:
1712:
1064:
1009:
910:
881:
803:
635:
564:
496:
439:
345:
333:
47:
965:
921:
541:
137:
1313:
1258:
613:
506:
421:
144:
1335:
1291:
1020:
954:
943:
165:
447:
375:
368:
1658:
1269:
1168:
998:
212:
1324:
1190:
1053:
976:
468:
426:
272:
226:
194:
1031:
892:
816:
501:
173:
454:
scholar Liao
Wenying 廖文英, who bought and renamed the (1627)
689:
687:
679:
The
Historical Evolution of Chinese Languages and Scripts
149:
1629:
Lin Yutang's
Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
650:
300:
583:复古編 "Return to Old Chapters" by Zhang You 張有 and the
466:
author Zhang Zilie 張自烈 as a supplement to the (1615)
128:
112:
603:
was in one volume, and based upon the classic (121)
254:
1674:
1651:
1540:
1531:
1505:
1450:
1415:
1248:
1144:
861:
854:
294:
289:
271:
266:
248:
243:
225:
211:
206:
188:
181:
164:
157:
143:
136:
122:
106:
99:
94:
82:
68:
63:
34:
673:
671:
332:(1127–1279) scholar Li Congzhou 李從周. It discussed
1180:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
505:2009, v. 4.0). When semantically extended into a
371:"character; script; writing; graph; style" and
704:
702:
277:
1569:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
828:
450:"right; straight; correct") was published by
74:
8:
710:Zitong 字通 "(A Scholar) Versed in Characters"
513:are conventionally written", which includes
231:
217:
1437:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
1740:
1648:
1537:
858:
835:
821:
813:
286:
240:
91:
46:
1559:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
509:like Chinese, it means "the way in which
778:
765:
693:
462:Disputations", which was written by the
396:General Dictionary of Chinese Characters
667:
548:in order to "verify and authorize" the
443:正字通 "Correct Character Mastery" (with
609:character dictionary. It included 601
31:
364:The title combines two common words:
7:
1609:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
1549:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
27:1204 Chinese orthographic dictionary
1599:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
424:, which was more than the (c. 350)
25:
648:Yong, Heming; Peng, Jing (2008).
587:佩觿 "Ivory Bodkin" by the painter
540:put the scholar and calligrapher
1739:
413:字通 by Yang Chengqing 楊承慶 of the
400:(A Scholar) Versed in Characters
195:
174:
150:
1639:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
1157:
1152:
1148:
870:
579:(960–1279), for instance, the
301:
255:
129:
113:
75:
1:
899:
417:dynasty. It contained 13,734
328:of that was compiled by the
1745:List of Chinese dictionaries
1589:The Five Thousand Dictionary
1579:A Chinese–English Dictionary
797:, copy of (c. 1660) edition
437:The similarly titled (1671)
430:with 12,824 entries. Yang's
1235:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
620:without any other sources.
558:字樣 "Character Models" (aka
544:(581–645) in charge of the
525:, and character structure.
479:字通 "Mastery of Characters"
390:, English translations are
1790:
1774:13th-century Chinese books
1470:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)
677:Zhou Youguang 周有光 (2003),
1737:
1514:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
865:
708:Theobald, Ulrich (2013),
568:orthographic dictionary.
312:
285:
278:
239:
232:
218:
90:
45:
41:
1481:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
623:There were flaws in the
1619:Grammata Serica Recensa
654:Oxford University Press
538:Emperor Taizong of Tang
352:, and the contemporary
1687:(Tangut; 12th century)
887:(first millennium BCE)
751:Zhongguo wenxue yanjiu
903: 3rd century BC
392:Summary of Characters
340:written in different
330:Southern Song dynasty
1764:Chinese dictionaries
1693:Pentaglot Dictionary
1213:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
779:Yong & Peng 2008
768:, pp. 197, 177.
766:Yong & Peng 2008
745:Xu Shiyi 徐时仪 (2013)
694:Yong & Peng 2008
517:aspects such as the
507:logographic language
336:differences between
1281:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
733:古汉语研究 3.80: 85-88.
571:In addition to the
493:alphabetic language
481:Japanese dictionary
1722:Han-Han Dae Sajeon
1675:In other languages
1202:Zhongwen Da Cidian
1098:Zhonghua Da Zidian
848:Chinese characters
846:for scripts using
806:, digital edition
729:Gouchen"《字统》勾沉" ,
725:Lin Yuan (2008), "
534:variant characters
511:Chinese characters
338:Chinese characters
326:Chinese dictionary
1751:
1750:
1733:
1732:
1683:Pearl in the Palm
1670:
1669:
1527:
1526:
1363:(c. 12th century)
1109:Xinhua Dictionary
1087:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
1076:Kangxi Dictionary
1037:(c. 11th century)
342:historical styles
316:
315:
308:
307:
262:
261:
250:McCune–Reischauer
202:
201:
101:Standard Mandarin
86:character mastery
18:Zitong dictionary
16:(Redirected from
1781:
1743:
1742:
1726:
1718:
1708:
1707:(Japanese; 1960)
1703:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
1698:
1688:
1663:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1538:
1520:
1498:
1492:Longkan Shoujian
1487:
1476:
1465:
1443:
1432:
1431:(c. 1st century)
1408:
1397:
1386:
1380:Zhongyuan Yinyun
1375:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1331:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1241:
1230:
1219:
1208:
1197:
1186:
1175:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1015:(c. 7th century)
1005:
994:
993:(c. 4th century)
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
928:
917:
906:
904:
901:
888:
872:
867:
859:
837:
830:
823:
814:
782:
775:
769:
763:
757:
756:
743:
737:
736:
723:
717:
706:
697:
691:
682:
675:
657:
304:
303:
287:
281:
280:
258:
257:
241:
235:
234:
221:
220:
198:
197:
177:
176:
153:
152:
132:
131:
118:
117:
92:
78:
77:
50:
32:
21:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1666:
1661:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1541:Chinese–English
1523:
1518:
1501:
1496:
1485:
1474:
1463:
1459:Jingdian Shiwen
1446:
1441:
1430:
1411:
1406:
1395:
1384:
1373:
1362:
1351:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1303:Yunhai jingyuan
1296:
1285:
1274:
1263:
1244:
1239:
1228:
1224:Hanyu Da Cidian
1217:
1206:
1195:
1184:
1173:
1146:
1140:
1135:
1124:
1120:Hanyu Da Zidian
1113:
1102:
1091:
1080:
1069:
1058:
1047:
1036:
1025:
1014:
1003:
992:
981:
970:
959:
948:
937:
926:
915:
902:
897:
886:
863:
850:
841:
791:
786:
785:
776:
772:
764:
760:
754:
744:
740:
734:
731:Gu Hanyu yanjiu
724:
720:
707:
700:
692:
685:
676:
669:
647:
644:
597:
489:
409:: the (c. 500)
362:
350:clerical script
296:Revised Hepburn
83:Literal meaning
59:
57:clerical script
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1717:(French; 2001)
1713:Le Grand Ricci
1709:
1699:
1697:(Manchu; 1794)
1689:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1544:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1488:
1477:
1466:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1398:
1396:(17th century)
1387:
1376:
1374:(14th century)
1365:
1354:
1343:
1332:
1321:
1310:
1299:
1288:
1277:
1266:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1164:
1162:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1131:Zhonghua Zihai
1127:
1116:
1105:
1094:
1083:
1072:
1061:
1050:
1039:
1028:
1017:
1006:
995:
984:
973:
962:
951:
940:
929:
918:
907:
889:
877:
875:
856:
852:
851:
842:
840:
839:
832:
825:
817:
811:
810:
801:
790:
789:External links
787:
784:
783:
781:, p. 194.
770:
758:
738:
718:
714:Chinaknowledge
698:
696:, p. 198.
683:
666:
665:
659:
658:
643:
640:
631:衣常 instead of
596:
593:
546:Palace Library
495:like English,
488:
485:
380:transliterated
361:
358:
354:regular script
314:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
298:
292:
291:
290:Transcriptions
283:
282:
275:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
259:
252:
246:
245:
244:Transcriptions
237:
236:
229:
223:
222:
215:
209:
208:
204:
203:
200:
199:
192:
190:Middle Chinese
186:
185:
183:Middle Chinese
179:
178:
171:
162:
161:
155:
154:
147:
141:
140:
138:Yue: Cantonese
134:
133:
126:
120:
119:
110:
104:
103:
97:
96:
95:Transcriptions
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
72:
66:
65:
61:
60:
55:title page in
51:
43:
42:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1786:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1746:
1736:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1352:(before 1161)
1349:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1001:
1000:
996:
990:
989:
985:
979:
978:
974:
971:(3rd century)
968:
967:
963:
957:
956:
952:
946:
945:
941:
938:(2nd century)
935:
934:
933:Shuowen Jiezi
930:
924:
923:
919:
913:
912:
908:
895:
894:
890:
884:
883:
879:
878:
876:
873:
860:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
819:
818:
815:
809:
805:
802:
800:
796:
793:
792:
788:
780:
774:
771:
767:
762:
759:
752:
748:
742:
739:
732:
728:
722:
719:
715:
711:
705:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
663:
655:
651:
646:
645:
641:
639:
637:
634:
630:
626:
621:
619:
618:Shuowen jiezi
615:
612:
608:
607:
606:Shuowen jiezi
602:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
566:
561:
560:Yanshi ziyang
557:
553:
552:
551:Five Classics
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:script styles
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
494:
486:
484:
482:
478:
473:
471:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:
442:
441:
435:
433:
429:
428:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:
370:
367:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:
311:
299:
297:
293:
288:
284:
276:
274:
270:
267:Japanese name
265:
253:
251:
247:
242:
238:
230:
228:
224:
216:
214:
210:
205:
193:
191:
187:
184:
180:
172:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
148:
146:
142:
139:
135:
127:
125:
121:
116:
111:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
44:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1681:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1512:
1506:Biographical
1490:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1435:
1424:
1402:Peiwen Yunfu
1400:
1391:Qi Lin Bayin
1389:
1378:
1369:Menggu Ziyun
1367:
1358:Pingshui Yun
1356:
1345:
1334:
1323:
1312:
1301:
1290:
1279:
1268:
1257:
1233:
1222:
1211:
1200:
1189:
1178:
1167:
1156:
1129:
1118:
1107:
1096:
1085:
1074:
1063:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1019:
1008:
997:
986:
975:
964:
953:
942:
931:
920:
909:
891:
880:
869:
844:Dictionaries
807:
798:
773:
761:
755:(in Chinese)
750:
747:北朝字书《字统》佚文钩沉
741:
735:(in Chinese)
730:
726:
721:
678:
661:
660:
649:
632:
628:
624:
622:
617:
614:head entries
604:
600:
598:
589:Guo Zhongshu
584:
580:
577:Song dynasty
572:
570:
563:
559:
555:
549:
530:Tang dynasty
527:
523:stroke order
515:calligraphic
500:
490:
476:
474:
472:dictionary.
467:
464:Ming dynasty
459:
455:
452:Qing dynasty
444:
438:
436:
431:
425:
422:head entries
415:Northern Wei
410:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
372:
365:
363:
344:, including
334:orthographic
320:
319:
317:
159:Southern Min
114:
108:Hanyu Pinyin
64:Chinese name
52:
35:
29:
1769:1250s books
1484:一切經音義 (慧琳)
1473:一切經音義 (玄英)
1065:Zhengzitong
1010:Ganlu Zishu
916:(c. 220 BC)
911:Cangjiepian
882:Shizhoupian
855:Monolingual
753:中国文字研究 17.
565:Ganlu Zishu
497:orthography
440:Zhengzitong
346:seal script
207:Korean name
1758:Categories
1451:Exegetical
1440:現代漢語方言大詞典
927:(c. 40 BC)
862:Characters
642:References
456:Zihui bian
324:is a 1254
124:Wade–Giles
1533:Bilingual
1417:Varieties
1347:Qiyin lüe
1238:现代汉语规范词典
966:Xiao Erya
922:Jijiupian
662:Footnotes
611:character
542:Yan Shigu
419:character
407:lost work
388:Tzu-t'ung
196:Dzithuwng
151:Zi4 tung1
130:Tzu-t'ung
1725:(Korean)
1517:中國人名大辭典
1486:(c. 807)
1475:(c. 649)
1464:(c. 583)
1314:Guangyun
1264:(c. 230)
1259:Shenglei
1183:教育部國語辭典
1004:(c. 543)
982:(c. 350)
960:(c. 230)
949:(c. 200)
581:Fugubian
256:Chat'ong
145:Jyutping
1426:Fangyan
1336:Yunjing
1292:Tangyun
1284:刊謬補缺切韻
1216:现代汉语词典
1021:Leipian
955:Guangya
944:Shiming
633:yīshang
629:yīchang
487:History
175:Jīthong
166:Hokkien
70:Chinese
1662:(1997)
1659:CEDICT
1652:Online
1643:(1996)
1633:(1972)
1623:(1957)
1613:(1947)
1603:(1931)
1593:(1926)
1583:(1892)
1573:(1874)
1563:(1842)
1553:(1823)
1519:(1921)
1442:(2002)
1407:(1711)
1385:(1324)
1341:(1161)
1330:(1037)
1319:(1008)
1270:Qieyun
1240:(2004)
1229:(1994)
1227:漢語大詞典
1218:(1978)
1207:(1968)
1205:中文大辭典
1196:(1938)
1185:(1926)
1174:(1915)
1169:Ciyuan
1136:(1994)
1125:(1989)
1123:漢語大字典
1114:(1957)
1103:(1915)
1101:中華大字典
1092:(1815)
1090:說文解字注
1081:(1716)
1070:(1627)
1059:(1615)
1048:(1254)
1043:Zitong
1026:(1066)
999:Yupian
988:Ziyuan
808:Zitong
799:Zitong
727:Zitong
625:Zitong
601:Zitong
573:Zitong
556:Zìyàng
491:In an
432:Zitong
411:Zitong
398:, and
384:Zitong
321:Zitong
213:Hangul
115:Zìtōng
53:Zitong
36:Zitong
1497:(997)
1495:龍龕手鑒
1462:經典釋文
1405:佩文韻府
1394:戚林八音
1383:中原音韻
1372:蒙古字韻
1325:Jiyun
1308:(780)
1306:韻海鏡源
1297:(732)
1286:(706)
1275:(601)
1191:Cihai
1145:Words
1134:中华字海
1112:新华字典
1079:康熙字典
1054:Zihui
1013:干祿字書
977:Zilin
936:說文解字
585:Peixi
477:Jitsū
469:Zihui
460:Zihui
458:字彙辯 "
445:zhèng
427:Zilin
360:Title
302:Jitsū
273:Kanji
227:Hanja
1361:平水韻
1350:七音略
1250:Rime
1068:正字通
1032:Piya
969:小爾雅
925:急就篇
914:倉頡篇
893:Erya
885:史籀篇
777:Tr.
599:The
595:Text
373:tōng
318:The
1429:方言
1339:韻鏡
1328:集韻
1317:廣韻
1295:唐韻
1273:切韻
1262:聲類
1194:辭海
1172:辭源
1057:字彙
1046:字通
1035:埤雅
1024:類篇
1002:玉篇
991:字苑
980:字林
958:廣雅
947:釋名
896:爾雅
502:OED
386:or
382:as
169:POJ
1760::
1158:cí
1155:;
900:c.
871:zì
868:;
804:字通
795:字通
749:,
712:,
701:^
686:^
670:^
652:.
636:衣裳
591:.
536:.
521:,
483:.
402:.
394:,
366:zì
356:.
348:,
279:字通
233:자통
219:字通
76:字通
1161:)
1153:词
1151:／
1149:詞
1147:(
905:)
898:(
874:)
866:字
864:(
836:e
829:t
822:v
716:.
656:.
448:正
376:通
369:字
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
