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459:, which began in 1949 (before color TV sets were sold). Ziv again encountered a lack of belief or understanding of what he was doing. "The people – the engineers, the laboratory – felt that the color film would never be usable – if color ever came," he said. "It turned out they were all wrong. Color television did come, and as you know, the programs we shot in color in the very early days are still being used."
1649:
151:, Ziv noted that, although he was often called the "father of syndication," the concept was not original with him. "That's the tag that followed me," he said, "and is still being used. I developed the technique; I didn't originate it. I'm not sure if anyone preceded me. I did expand on it and brought it to what was probably its highest level." Hal Erickson wrote in
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He had the foresight to include rights for future television productions in contracts when he bought a program's radio rights, even though the people with whom he contracted wondered why he did so. He explained, "'Why would you want the rights to television ... when there is no television?' That's the question that was asked by the people who owned the
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those other bakers for broadcast in their home markets. In a 1998 interview, Ziv estimated that three dozen bakeries eventually used the program. That program lasted about five years. By 1947, the reach of Ziv
Company's programming was such that 675 stations carried Ziv programs, some for as much as nine hours per week.
211:
such as "posters, brochures, promotional kits and ad slicks". The goal was to present "one slogan, one point of view." Success was enhanced by Ziv salesmen's never trying to sell more than one program at a time to a station and their willingness to help stations find sponsors after a program was sold.
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In 1954, the company created a subsidiary, Economee TV, to market its older programs to stations. The move came as Ziv and other syndicating companies sought to broaden their outreach and appeal to more television stations. Essentially, Economee TV handled reruns of older Ziv
Television series, while
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Ziv bought the rights to all of the programs that he produced. He commented in a 1998 interview that such rights came cheaply in the early days of TV: "Television was a new thing, and they didn't know if it would last. 'Why do you want those rights for 20 years when it may not last for 20 weeks?'"
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guaranteed him $ 150,000 per year for at least three years. Colman's contract also provided that he could record the programs at his own convenience, thus enabling him to work his radio schedule around his commitments to do films. Dunne and MacMurray signed 10-year contracts when they agreed to do
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reported, "The deal was the latest in a series of shrewd and boldly-planned business coups that have buttressed the Ziv
Company's steady-increasing pre-eminence in the packaged show field." At the time of the sale, 670 AM, FM and television stations subscribed to the WBS library. Besides acquiring
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Frederic Ziv believed, "If a show is properly exploited and promoted, it will go." To that end, Ziv
Company went beyond simply selling the programs. A sales-and-service staff made calls on local stations in order to help them promote Ziv programs (both radio and television) with support materials
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for Rubel Bakery in
Cincinnati, after having first created an advertising campaign that had the same theme. When bakers in other markets heard about the show's success, they contacted the bakery's owner, who referred them to Ziv. That led to his having copies of the transcription made to send to
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and UA's assumption of approximately $ 14,000,000 in debt. About eight months prior to UA's purchase, two investment firms – F. Eberstadt & Co. and Lazard Freres & Co. – had purchased about 80 percent of Ziv
Company's stock with Frederic W. Ziv and John L. Sinn keeping the remaining 20
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In addition to producing successful original programming, Ziv was a pioneer in re-using transcribed series that had already been broadcast on radio. Rather than simply reproducing the programs as originally recorded, Ziv personnel created "repackaged" versions, "usually with new titles and/or
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Ziv had built a network-like reputation for programming through several shrewd principles exploiting "presold" properties by acquiring the radio rights to established characters and texts; pursuing
Hollywood-level talent wherever possible; and making program sales and promotion the firm's top
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Ziv called himself "a pioneer as far as television production is concerned." Although he had no guarantee that television would succeed, he felt safe in pursuing that direction because radio had already succeeded. "We felt that television was just the logical next step," he said.
406:, Wildroot Cream-Oil and Grove Laboratories. In 1950, increased advertising on television resulted in national advertisers often shifting their remaining funds from network radio to syndicated radio programs, especially those of the Ziv Company, which an article in
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was likely one of the first – "if not the first" – television program produced on film. He encountered no opposition from
Hollywood because people were happy for the employment that the TV productions provided. Ziv used color film for the television version of
144:– programs recorded on discs and offered to local advertisers in each radio market. Charges for the programs were based on the market's size. The result was "affordable quality programming that could be scheduled in any available slot on a station's schedule."
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Initially, "We fought the networks tooth and nail every day," Ziv said, "in
Washington, before courts and before the FCC, because they had an unfair advantage" with regard to national advertisers. Ziv's programs were primarily sponsored by companies like
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Ziv
Television Programs began in 1948 as a subsidiary of the main company. Erickson described the company's approach by writing, "Fred Ziv tackled the new medium like a man devouring sirloin, setting up a television-film factory of the first calibre."
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At its peak, Ziv Company had more than 3,000 employees (full-time and part-time combined). In 1950, it took a five-year lease on "a substantial portion of the California Studios, formerly the Enterprise Film lot", and in 1954, it bought the
475:. Material for those programs came from Ziv's purchase of General Film Library, which Erickson described as "so vast that it had storehouses on both coasts". The shows were produced by packaging segments from the library for television.
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in 1951, with terms under which each would "gross $ 300,000 from the series, via their guaranties – against percentage of sales deals." One indication of the success of using recognized Hollywood talent was the fact that in 1951,
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in Cincinnati was "a major source of radio programming that offered local stations an alternative to network-originated programming." Second, in an era when sponsors produced most radio programs, Cincinnati was the headquarters of
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percent. Effective with the sale, the former Ziv Company became a subsidiary of United Artists and was named Ziv-United Artists Television Co. Inc. Ziv and Sinn retained their respective positions as board chairman and president.
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priority in every market. Ziv himself was perhaps the most ardent supporter of syndicated transcriptions in radio at this time , creating and distributing series that often ran on more stations than comparable network programming.
525:, which distributed products over much of the United States but were not sold in some areas. When those companies sponsored a program, Ziv would sell to other advertisers in the limited markets not reached by the main sponsor.
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called "undoubtedly the top transcription and library firm." The company created new divisions in the southeast, southwest and north central United States and added 14 sales people to handle the increase in business.
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called the company the "largest of the open-end transcription producers in the country." Ziv's revenue was estimated to be at least one-third of the total of all transcription sales in the United States.
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described the company as "by 1948 ... the largest packager and syndicator of radio programs" and later "the most prolific producer of programming for the first-run syndication market during the 1950s."
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The Ziv Company offered an opportunity to local and regional businesses that could not afford to produce programs whose quality would match that of network programs. Ziv's alternative was the use of
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reported, "Three Ziv quarter-hour musical programs, each contracted for a series of 130 disks, represent an investment of $ 750,000." The bulk of that money went to paying performers on the
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Erickson added that Ziv recognized the financial advantage of syndication: "his company would be paid outright for its programs, avoiding the usual percentages handed over to the networks."
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WBS's packaged programs, the deal also provided Ziv Company with ""the largest collection of royalty-free recorded music in existence", eliminating the need to pay licensing fees to the
495:, Ziv's first dramatic series, began in 1949 and was produced until 1956, resulting in 156 episodes. The program's gross revenue for its first 10 years in syndication was $ 11 million.
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The company's new direction led to expansion of its offices. Although the headquarters remained in Cincinnati, it eventually opened additional offices in Hollywood and New York City.
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Although the company targeted stations without network affiliation, some stations that were part of networks also bought and broadcast Ziv programs. For example, in September 1951,
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155:, "It was Frederick W. Ziv who brought sophistication to syndication, turning it into a science, combining modern recording techniques with a masterful sense of merchandising."
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The Frederic W. Ziv Media Heritage Center in Cincinnati houses an archive related to the Ziv Company as well as other elements of broadcasting from the Cincinnati area.
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In 1947, Ziv had gross revenue of more than $ 10 million on its sales of 23 radio programs, an increase of more than 30 percent over the previous year. An article in
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for 52 weeks each. The station's general manager commented that the programs would help local business to advertise on top-budgeted shows at "realistic prices".
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105:, "Cincinnati was a surprisingly active regional center for radio production." Two business entities contributed to that situation. First, radio station
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the original TV operation handled new programs that Ziv produced. Erickson traced the formation of Economee TV mainly to the continuing success of
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While producing programs for WLW, Ziv met writer John L. Sinn, and in 1937 they began Frederic W. Ziv Company as a program syndication business.
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101:, the company's founder, developed his ideas for the company while operating an advertising agency in Cincinnati, Ohio. During the era of
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508:– "the biggest money-maker Ziv ever had". The program, which began in 1955, was still generating profits in reruns a decade later.
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129:, "Ziv envisioned every sales pitch as a legal argument, anticipating counterarguments and preparing rejoinders beforehand."
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bought Ziv Television Programs, Inc. for $ 20,750,000. That amount included a combined $ 6,750,000 in installment notes and
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The company's success was bolstered by employing movie stars for key roles in some of its series. Those stars included
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Revenue came not only from advertisers at the local and regional levels, but also from national sponsors such as
222:, traveled across the United States in 1953 to promote his then-new program. An article in the trade publication
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Frederic Ziv's first effort in syndication came before the company was formed. In 1935, he created a program,
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stories." He added that television rights were inexpensive to obtain; "They were glad to get ," he said.
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305:. Such talent was not inexpensive. For example, Colman's contract with Ziv for the radio version of
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Three elements worked together to contribute to Ziv's success in radio. Derek Kompare, in his book
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toured cities in the Eastern United States promoting the radio and television versions of his
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described Menjou's trip as "part of Ziv's stepped-up merchandising program." A year later,
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Ziv invested significant amounts of money in its radio programs. In 1946, for example,
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Stars of Ziv programs also contributed their own efforts to support, such as when
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Spacefarers: Images of Astronauts and Cosmonauts in the Heroic Era of Spaceflight
127:
Spacefarers: Images of Astronauts and Cosmonauts in the Heroic Era of Spaceflight
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1357:"Ziv-Colman ET Show Success Spurs Lesser Producers to Imitation a la Shoestring"
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proved useful in his work in syndication. Michael J. Neufeld wrote in his book,
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In August 1948, Ziv added to its library of transcribed programs by buying
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formats," Kompare wrote. "For example, the company acquired the rights to
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radio and television programs in the United States. Horace Newcomb's
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with related facilities such as projection rooms and cutting rooms.
537:, with the price reported to be $ 1,500,000. The trade publication
403:
330:
1124:"Ziv Television Productions Cops First Place for 3d Time in Row"
323:(starring Bogart and Bacall), was sold in more than 500 cities.
166:
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lot in Hollywood, California. Its property included seven
1562:"Distributors Broaden Sales Attacks for More Flexibility"
902:
Producers on Producing: The Making of Film and Television
149:
Producers on Producing: The Making of Film and Television
1017:
Syndicated Television: The First Forty Years, 1947-1987
153:
Syndicated Television: The First Forty Years, 1947-1987
1299:
Rerun Nation: How Repeats Invented American Television
261:
Rerun Nation: How Repeats Invented American Television
546:
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
1704:
Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States
1261:. Maryland, Cumberland. N.Y. Tribune Inc. p. 4
62:
54:
40:
32:
24:
1418:"Net-Caliber E.T. Series Happy $ Huntin' Grounds"
467:The company's first two television programs were
114:, one of radio's "most influential advertisers."
341:programs originally performed from 1937 to 1941.
169:flagship station in New York City) bought Ziv's
1536:"Ziv-TV National Sales Under Walter Kingsley"
8:
548:for music used in producing Ziv's programs.
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1331:"Ziv Offers 'Communist' Show With Andrews"
1228:"'D.A.' Radio Version Gets Quick Ziv Sale"
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18:
147:In an interview in Irv Broughton's book,
1714:Mass media companies established in 1937
1067:"Ziv Plunks 100G in Video Film-Lot Deal"
58:Syndicated radio and television programs
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1719:American companies established in 1937
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1709:Defunct companies based in Cincinnati
1475:This Fascinating Advertising Business
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529:Purchase of World Broadcasting System
7:
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487:. It was a 15-minute program, while
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1478:. Wildside Press LLC. p. 229.
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348:Skippy Hollywood Theatre of the Air
1724:Electrical transcription companies
1620:"UA Finally Gets Its Hands on Ziv"
335:1945 advertisement for syndicated
14:
1200:Vaccariello, Linda (April 2003).
1093:"Profiles of First-Place Winners"
981:Museum of Broadcast Communication
858:. Routledge. pp. 2626–2627.
798:The New Adventures of Martin Kane
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1453:. September 20, 1947. p. 21
1276:
1253:Crosby, John (August 11, 1947).
1019:. McFarland & Company, Inc.
1130:. February 21, 1953. p. 18
1099:. February 12, 1955. p. 10
1073:. September 23, 1950. p. 6
852:"Ziv Television Programs, Inc."
759:The Eddie Cantor Comedy Theatre
1568:. November 26, 1955. p. 9
1174:Archive of American Television
977:"Ziv Television Programs, Inc"
16:US based entertainment company
1:
1395:. August 13, 1951. p. 24
1337:. January 12, 1952. p. 4
1047:. October 1, 1951. p. 26
905:. McFarland. pp. 17–22.
648:I Was a Communist for the FBI
1629:. March 14, 1960. p. 84
1600:. August 9, 1948. p. 22
1424:. March 23, 1946. p. 14
936:Neufeld, Michael J. (2013).
577:Partial list of Ziv programs
350:in 1951, which was retitled
1699:1937 establishments in Ohio
1447:"Ziv's Whopping 10 Million"
1234:. July 31, 1954. p. 19
942:. Smithsonian Institution.
681:Parents Magazine of the Air
1740:
1542:. July 30, 1955. p. 5
1472:Bird, Harry Lewis (2008).
1363:. July 12, 1947. p. 9
856:Encyclopedia of Television
248:The Freshest Thing in Town
87:Encyclopedia of Television
1516:. May 20, 1950. p. 7
1510:"TV Boom Busts AM Waxers"
535:World Broadcasting System
512:Competition from networks
479:featured events like the
850:Newcomb, Horace (2014).
79:Frederick W. Ziv Company
1296:Kompare, Derek (2006).
975:Anderson, Christopher.
899:Broughton, Irv (1986).
804:Science Fiction Theatre
483:and the sinking of the
352:Movietown Radio Theatre
75:Frederic W. Ziv Company
20:Frederic W. Ziv Company
1015:Erickson, Hal (1989).
552:Sale to United Artists
375:Sincerely, Kenny Baker
342:
270:
255:Three-faceted approach
123:University of Michigan
792:Mr. District Attorney
708:They Gave Their Lives
665:Mr. District Attorney
637:The Guy Lombardo Show
519:Coors Brewing Company
334:
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235:Mr. District Attorney
206:Promotion and support
477:Yesterday's Newsreel
469:Yesterday's Newsreel
112:Procter & Gamble
1259:The Cumberland News
1038:"Ziv Shows in N.Y."
785:Meet Corliss Archer
718:The Wayne King Show
703:Songs of Good Cheer
654:The Jack Berch Show
523:Interstate Bakeries
481:Hindenburg disaster
21:
1591:"Ziv Buys 'World'"
1176:. October 23, 1998
354:for syndication."
343:
1683:Television portal
1255:"Radio in Review"
1170:(video interview)
778:I Led Three Lives
713:War Correspondent
698:Say It with Music
610:Calling All Girls
183:Guy Lombardo Show
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1208:: 46–50, 161–162
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622:Eye Witness News
196:Eagle-Lion Films
121:degree from the
45:Cincinnati, Ohio
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491:ran 5 minutes.
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448:Ziv noted that
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380:Pleasure Parade
369:Barry Wood Show
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299:Humphrey Bogart
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273:Hollywood stars
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77:(also given as
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1202:"Fred's World"
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1167:"Frederic Ziv"
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307:Favorite Story
295:Adolphe Menjou
287:Fred MacMurray
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220:Favorite Story
216:Adolphe Menjou
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179:Favorite Story
142:transcriptions
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103:old-time radio
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1265:January 11,
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632:Freedom USA
604:Bright Star
499:Economee TV
394:Advertisers
327:Repackaging
313:Bright Star
283:Irene Dunne
230:David Brian
175:Bright Star
81:) produced
1693:Categories
1633:12 January
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826:References
818:Waterfront
725:Television
676:Old Corral
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415:Television
94:Background
83:syndicated
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616:Easy Aces
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338:Easy Aces
238:program.
225:Billboard
165:-AM (the
811:Sea Hunt
438:O. Henry
358:Finances
55:Products
25:Industry
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485:Titanic
136:Concept
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431:Rights
400:Borden
117:Ziv's
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582:Radio
404:Vicks
242:Radio
63:Owner
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167:NBC
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