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Historically, the ace had a low value and this still holds in many popular
European games (in fact many European decks, including the French- and Latin-suited decks, do not use the "A" index, instead keeping the numeral "1"). The modern convention of "ace high", in which the ace is the highest card
106:. Although this requirement was abolished in 1960, the tradition has been kept by many card makers. In other countries the stamp and embellishments are usually found on ace cards; clubs in France, diamonds in Russia, and hearts in Genoa because they have the most blank space.
56:
223:
games of Persia, India, and Arabia, only the pip cards of half the suits were reversed so the 1 ranked just below the lowest court card. This convention carried over to early
European games like
102:
required an insignia of the printing house to be printed on the ace of spades. This insignia was necessary for identifying the printing house and stamping it as having paid the new
332:) in French-suited decks. Confusion is also avoided as German-suited decks lack numbered cards below "7" or "6". Despite using French-suited cards, Russians call the Ace a Deuce (
287:, allow the player to choose whether the ace is used as a high or low card. This duality allows players in some other games to use it as both at once; some variants of
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of the house, seemed to have happened in stages. Card games, before they arrived in Europe, had suits that were in reverse ranking. In the
Chinese game of
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1900:
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with only one pip, before it was a term for a playing card. Since this was the lowest roll of the die, it traditionally meant 'bad luck' in
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symbol (a heart, diamond, spade, or a club) located in the middle of the card, sometimes large and decorated, especially in the case of the
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324:(sow) as early cards of that rank depicted a pig. Some decks in southern Germany use "A" for the index because "D" is reserved for
263:, the ace dragged the 10 along with it to the top so the ranking became A-10-K. Some games promoted the deuces and treys too like
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162:, but as the ace is often the highest playing card, its meaning has since changed to mean 'high-quality, excellence'.
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It was not only the French deck which experienced this promotion, but some games involving the
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Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies, University of London
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275:. "King high" games were still being made in the 17th century, for example
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44:"Ace of clubs" and "Ace of diamonds" redirect here. For other uses, see
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was inverted so the 1 of Coins was the highest in its suit. In the
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150:(from Latin 'as') meaning 'a unit', from the name of a small
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98:. This embellishment on the ace of spades started when
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566:"Playing Cards - The Unicode Standard, Version 13.0"
473:
Lo, Andrew (2000). "The Late Ming Game of Ma Diao".
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1616:Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards
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431:. Leinfelden: Jonas Verlag. pp. 128–130.
8:
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1611:Saga Arashiyama Museum of Arts and Culture
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100:King James VI of Scotland and I of England
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494:Lo, Andrew (2000). "The Game of Leaves".
54:
1901:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
541:"Games played with German suited cards"
419:
1554:International Skat Players Association
1655:Blackstone's Card Trick Without Cards
547:from the original on 28 December 2010
7:
528:. London: Duckworth. pp. 25–55.
154:. It originally meant the side of a
1936:Violin and Playing Cards on a Table
1606:Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer
1592:International Playing-Card Society
1280:United States Playing Card Company
14:
1577:Fournier Museum of Playing Cards
1572:Cary Collection of Playing Cards
445:A Brief History of Playing Cards
215:, which lacked court cards, the
193:
174:
116:
50:Ace of diamonds (disambiguation)
1894:Card Players in a Rich Interior
460:The Oxford Guide to Card Games
40:Ace of Spades (disambiguation)
32:Ace of Hearts (disambiguation)
1:
1795:The Phantom of the Card Table
1582:German Doppelkopf Association
1250:Nürnberger-Spielkarten-Verlag
462:. Oxford: Oxford. p. 32.
344:The aces are included in the
46:Ace of clubs (disambiguation)
2014:Patience and solitaire games
1908:Cardplayers in a Sunlit Room
1740:The Expert at the Card Table
394:PLAYING CARD ACE OF DIAMONDS
306:also evolved into using the
2032:Tarot and Tarock card games
1996:Non trick-taking card games
1477:Richard Valentine Pitchford
1447:Master of the Playing Cards
2079:
1587:German Playing Card Museum
379:PLAYING CARD ACE OF HEARTS
363:PLAYING CARD ACE OF SPADES
43:
25:
18:
1981:
524:Dummett, Michael (1980).
508:10.1017/s0041977x00008466
408:PLAYING CARD ACE OF CLUBS
1549:International Skat Court
1539:British Skat Association
2005:Trick-taking card games
1544:German Skat Association
1322:Bielefelder Spielkarten
458:Parlett, David (1990).
1929:Still Life with a Poem
1132:Guru (circular whirls)
429:All Cards on the Table
291:allow players to form
279:. Many games, such as
90:, an ace has a single
63:
1987:Historical card games
1968:Play Your Cards Right
1685:Twenty-One Card Trick
1660:The Circus Card Trick
1422:Johann Kaspar Hechtel
748:Archaeology awareness
742:Ambraser Hofjagdspiel
427:Mann, Sylvia (1990).
61:standard 52-card deck
58:
1751:History of cardistry
1235:J.O. Öberg & Son
758:Flemish Hunting Deck
502:(3): 389, 390, 405.
21:Ace (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
1945:Film and television
1887:The Card Players II
1645:The Acme of Control
1922:Dogs Playing Poker
1487:Johann Georg Rauch
1275:U.S. Games Systems
637:Playing card suits
86:. In the standard
64:
2050:
2049:
1977:
1976:
1828:Si Stebbins stack
1692:
1691:
1670:Out of This World
1665:The Four Burglars
1626:Card manipulation
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1512:Fusajiro Yamauchi
1472:Ferdinand Piatnik
1355:
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1174:
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901:Portuguese-suited
803:
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780:Most-wanted Iraqi
763:Hamas most wanted
720:Curse of Scotland
526:The Game of Tarot
183:batons ("bastos")
142:) comes from the
59:Four aces from a
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1880:The Card Players
1873:The Bezique Game
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1838:Three-card monte
1717:Cards in the hat
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1598:The Playing-Card
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1462:Samuel J. Murray
1402:Thierry Depaulis
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571:. Unicode. 2020
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543:. pagat.com/.
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1133:
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1129:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
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1110:
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1035:
1034:
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1026:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Stripped deck
1000:
998:
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993:
990:
986:
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769:Hofämterspiel
766:
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751:
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726:
723:
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718:
716:
713:
709:
706:
705:
704:
701:
699:
696:
692:
691:Ace of hearts
689:
687:
686:Ace of spades
684:
683:
682:
679:
678:
676:
672:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
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634:
631:
629:
623:
619:
618:Playing cards
612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
592:
589:
567:
561:
558:
546:
542:
539:John McLeod.
535:
532:
527:
520:
518:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
490:
487:
483:(3): 115–136.
482:
478:
477:
469:
466:
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454:
451:
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446:
438:
435:
430:
423:
420:
413:
397:
383:
381:
367:
365:
351:
350:
349:
347:
346:Playing Cards
339:
337:
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331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
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305:
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296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:brusquembille
250:
249:ace–ten games
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:suit of coins
214:
202:
196:
188:
184:
177:
166:Ace promotion
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:
131:
109:
107:
105:
101:
97:
96:ace of spades
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
62:
57:
51:
47:
41:
37:
36:Ace of spades
33:
29:
28:Ace of hearts
22:
2044:}}
2041:Occult tarot
2038:{{
2035:}}
2029:{{
2026:}}
2020:{{
2017:}}
2011:{{
2008:}}
2002:{{
1999:}}
1993:{{
1990:}}
1984:{{
1966:
1958:
1951:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1866:The Acrobats
1864:
1793:
1761:One-way deck
1738:
1702:Card marking
1680:Spelling Bee
1596:
1492:Juan Tamariz
1397:Dan and Dave
1387:Derren Brown
1382:David Blaine
1317:Aspioti-ELKA
1265:Ravensburger
982:
922:
915:
888:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
842:
835:
818:
767:
740:
680:
628:52-card deck
573:. Retrieved
560:
549:. Retrieved
534:
525:
499:
495:
489:
480:
474:
468:
459:
453:
444:
437:
428:
422:
343:
333:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
297:
209:
200:
187:Spanish deck
147:
113:
72:playing card
67:
65:
16:Playing card
1953:Card Sharks
1843:Trick decks
1734:Double lift
1675:Rising Card
1457:Anton Moser
1452:John McLeod
1437:René Lavand
1392:Lewis Cohen
1372:Hubert Auer
1347:Waddingtons
1342:Lewis Cohen
1225:F.X. Schmid
1021:Other suits
809:Other packs
785:Politicards
304:German deck
88:French deck
1833:Spoke card
1782:mechanic's
1777:magician's
1768:and grips
1707:Card sharp
1521:Groups and
1507:Dai Vernon
1377:Bryan Berg
1200:Cartamundi
1181:and brands
1164:of Strings
1100:Portuguese
951:Court card
911:Tarot pack
881:uta-garuta
551:2010-11-25
414:References
340:In Unicode
316:(ace) and
152:Roman coin
144:Old French
26:See also:
1859:Paintings
1816:Gilbreath
1806:Shuffling
1772:gambler's
1631:cardistry
1427:Ricky Jay
1367:Lee Asher
1327:C.L. Wüst
1210:Dal Negro
1128:Japanese
997:Nicknames
811:and decks
725:Beer card
626:Standard
405:🃑
391:🃁
375:🂱
359:🂡
285:blackjack
273:Tressette
261:sixty-six
110:Etymology
104:stamp tax
2057:Category
1442:Ed Marlo
1245:Nintendo
1215:Fournier
973:Pip card
890:Kvitlech
874:kabufuda
860:hanafuda
753:Charruan
660:Diamonds
545:Archived
277:cribbage
257:pinochle
245:Trappola
241:Triomphe
1729:Cutting
1337:Dondorf
1310:Defunct
1301:Grimaud
1296:Bicycle
1260:Piatnik
1240:Modiano
1162:Myriads
1096:Spanish
1092:Italian
1090:Latin (
1055:Shields
1012:Unicode
906:Russian
844:ganjapa
837:Ganjifa
826:Chinese
575:6 April
400:U+1F0D1
386:U+1F0C1
370:U+1F0B1
354:U+1F0A1
233:Trionfi
221:Ganjifa
213:Mǎ diào
185:from a
181:Ace of
1963:(1896)
1821:Zarrow
1787:Tenkai
1639:Tricks
1289:Brands
1230:Gemaco
1124:Swords
1119:Batons
1076:Acorns
1037:Leaves
1029:German
956:knight
941:Banner
924:Zi pai
917:Tujeon
896:Polish
853:Karuta
820:As-Nas
655:Hearts
650:Spades
641:French
402:
388:
372:
356:
271:, and
231:, and
80:domino
38:, and
2023:Poker
1766:Palms
1270:Trefl
1205:Copag
1114:Coins
1081:Bells
1060:Roses
1047:Swiss
1007:Talon
992:Joker
978:deuce
966:Unter
946:Blank
934:Cards
703:Queen
674:Ranks
665:Clubs
569:(PDF)
330:Queen
300:Swiss
293:melds
289:Rummy
281:poker
251:like
247:. In
237:Tarot
225:Ombre
146:word
70:is a
1811:faro
1629:and
1531:Skat
1152:Cash
1109:Cups
984:Weli
961:Ober
715:Jack
698:King
577:2021
326:Dame
318:Daus
309:Daus
302:and
283:and
269:Truc
259:and
138:EYSS
92:suit
48:and
681:Ace
504:doi
334:tuz
322:Sau
314:Ass
265:Put
229:Maw
201:Sau
156:die
84:pip
78:or
76:die
68:ace
66:An
2059::
516:^
500:63
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481:29
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267:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
