Canton of Bern - Knowledge

6585: 108: 2515: 2416: 1663:, which provided for arbitration in disputes. They entered into another treaty in 1393 with the Valais. In 1401, Count Rudolph of Gruyère entered into a treaty with Bern which included Saanen. Two years later Saanen and Château-d'Œx negotiated their own alliances with Bern. Due to the Bernese alliance, Saanen sent troops, under their own banner, to support the Bernese invasions of Aargau in 1415 and Valais in 1418. The military losses and taxes following the Old Zürich War led Saanen to support the Evil League ( 2808:(CHF) per month (US$ 890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$ 500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$ 700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$ 830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$ 1680, £940, €1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the canton, in 2010, was 1.19%. 1613: 1871:, the "merciful lords", as the small number of noble families now ruling Bern came to be called. In 1605 there were 152 families that were qualified to rule, by 1691 that number was only 104, while towards the end of the 18th century there were only 69 such families. Meanwhile, the land ruled by the town was extending over more and more territory, so that finally it governed 52 bailiwicks. These offices became very lucrative as the Bernese territories grew. Patrician 2163: 84: 818: 2052: 953: 1269: 1257: 98: 1293: 7492: 133: 2326: 1671: 1277: 1899: 1058: 1285: 1463:) allowed Bern to move against the Habsburgs in Aargau. After the Bernese laid siege to Burgdorf, Neu-Kyburg was forced to concede an unfavourable peace. Bern bought Thun and Burgdorf, the most important cities of Neu-Kyburg, and their remaining towns passed to Bern and Solothurn by 1408. The last of the Neu-Kyburgs, Berchtold, died destitute in Bern in 1417. 4761: 4625: 703: 635:

period, increasing forest cover restricted the movement of hunters, fishers and gatherers. Their temporary settlements were built along lake and marsh edges, which remained free of trees due to fluctuations in water level. Important mesolithic sites in the Canton are at Pieterlenmoos and Burgäschisee

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is known around the world. In the Bernese Midlands the lands are more fertile. Agriculture is of great importance, but this part of the canton is also the most industrialized. Small and middle-sized businesses are important employers in this part of the canton of Bern. There is a nuclear power plant

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The whole area is very mountainous, with steep cliffs, many glaciers, and countless waterfalls. It is renowned for its scenic beauty and the charm of the small Swiss villages that dot the area. As a result of this, tourism is one of the main sources of income in the Bernese Oberland. The region also

1510:) from the Habsburgs. In the same year, Fribourg accepted Berns acquisition of the Iselgaus, i.e. the area between Lake Biel and the Seeland. Over the next several decades Bern continued to expand to the detriment of the Habsburgs and Fribourg. They acquired the following towns: 1391 Simmenegg, 1399 1403:

and Bern drew closer to the Swiss Forest Cantons. It entered into a permanent or eternal alliance with Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden in 1353. This date is usually considered the date of Bern's entrance into the Swiss Confederation; however, the alliance only indirectly tied Bern to Zürich and Lucerne.

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and Weissenburg under their control. Bern's continued expansion was at the expense of the feudal lords in the surrounding lands. In 1339 the Habsburgs, Kyburgs and Fribourg, marched against Bern with 17,000 men and besieged the border town of Laupen. To raise the siege, Bern raised a force of 6,000,

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was also founded in 600. In the Seeland and Aare valleys, wooden churches were first built during the Merovingian period. The current churches in Kirchlindach, Oberwil bei Buren and Bleibach were all built above the ruins of these early churches. About 30 churches in the Bern and Solothurn portions

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In 2008, the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the canton, 292,559 or about 30.6% were

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found that the proportion of German native speakers to be 85.1%, that of French speakers 10.4%, and that 3.1% were Italian speakers. The number of Romansh speakers was too small to accurately estimate, but was around 0.1%. The census also reported that 2.9% of the population spoke English as their

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became more common, many of the burial mounds were over 30 m (98 ft) in diameter and 4 m (13 ft) high and richly outfitted with grave goods. In a grave mound in Bützberg the first burial in the mound was followed by several later burials. Often, several grave mounds combined to

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The age distribution of the canton in 2014 was as follows: those from 0–19 years old made up 19.1% of the population, while those aged 20–64 years old were 60.9%, and those 65 and older comprised. The 2000 census had found these groups to represent 22%, 60.9% and 17.1% of the total, respectively.

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The grave goods show that iron was forged into swords, daggers, spearheads, knives and wagon accessories. Gold, which was probably collected from river sand, was made into diadems, rings and pendants. Thin bronze arm, leg and neck plates with geometric designs were often buried, especially in the

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In December 2020, Bern had a population of 1,043,132. In 2014, 15.0% of the population were resident foreign nationals. From 2010 to 2014, the population increased at a rate of 3.0% annually. In 2000, most of the population spoke German (804,190 or 84.0%) as their first language; French was the

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town and the surrounding district to Bern in exchange for not having to pay one-third of their income to Bern. In the treaty of Fribourg from 1476, Fribourg received rights over the Aigle district, which they gave up to Bern in 1483. Bern rebuilt Aigle Castle in 1489 and made it the seat of the

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The religious practices of the local population merged with Roman beliefs and the Canton of Bern is home to a number of unique cult centers. They include the larger than life statues of gods (including enthroned Jupiter) at Petinesca, Engehalbinsel, and Thun-Allmendingen; and a number of stone

4740:, and there were 71,233 individuals (or about 7.44% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 807 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who were Jewish, and 28,377 (or about 2.96% of the population) who were Muslims. There were 2,662 individuals who were 1954:

Within the new canton of Oberland, historic borders and traditional rights were not considered. As there had been no previous separatist feeling amongst the conservative population, there was little enthusiasm for the new order. The situation in the canton of Léman was quite different. The

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The area of the canton is 5,959 km (2,301 sq mi). Of this area, 6.9% is occupied with houses, businesses or roads. 42.6% of the canton is agricultural land, and 31.3% is forested. Less than 19.2% is considered non-productive, which includes glaciers, cliffs and lakes.

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of the Aare valley were created over ruins of Roman villas and subsequent burial grounds in the 7th century (including Meikirch and Oberbipp). In Mett, the church was built over a 5th-century mausoleum, which was built over a 4th-century tomb. In 700, six sarcophagi were buried on

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During the Burgundian War in 1475, Saanen, together with troops from Château-d'Œx and the Simmental captured the Savoy district of Aigle for Bern. Saanen and the surrounding district enjoyed a great deal of independence during the 16th century. However, in 1555 the last

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at Bern-Engehalbinsel, there were studios for glass and ceramic production, and iron working achieved a high level of skill, along with craftsmen who worked in wood, leather and goldsmithing. There was a nearby place of worship in the Bremgarten wood, and cemeteries at

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and the Habsburg Austrian nobility. In 1300, the city acquired the four surrounding parishes of Bolligen, Vechigen, Stettlen and Muri, destroyed the threatening castles of Bremgarten and Belp and gave the Baron of Montenach Bernese citizenship. After the victory of

1220:, confirmed Bern's imperial immediacy. However, in 1285 he imposed an imperial tax which drove the city to support Rudolph's enemies. Although it withstood two sieges by the Emperor in 1288, after the defeat at Schosshalde in 1289 it had to pay taxes and a penalty. 5704: 1083:

Burgundy's influence reached across most of modern Switzerland. They established royal courts at Bümpliz, Münsingen, Uetendorf, Wimmis, Kirchberg and Utzenstorf to allow them to govern the Aare valley. Later, the Aare valley moved toward closer ties with the

2114:, some of the foothills of the Bernese Alps, as well as the plain around the capital Bern, and has many small farms and hilly forested regions with small to mid-sized towns scattered throughout. It is perhaps best known by foreigners and visitors for the 1652:, who engaged in a famous debate at the cathedral of Lausanne; but it was only decisively implemented when Bern put its full force behind it. Vaud was another French-speaking region in the mostly German-speaking canton, which caused several uprisings. 905:, which was probably known as Brenodor or Brenodurum. At the foot of the Jens mountain, the fort Petinesca was built to guard the roads over the Jura Mountains. This was reinforced in the late-Roman era (368–369 CE) by a fortified bridge over the 1216:. During the mid-13th century, the Empire's presence weakened in the Aare valley, forcing the local nobles to find allies to protect themselves. Bern entered into a number of treaties with its neighbors in the 13th century. In 1274, the Emperor 1039:

along the old transit route through the Pierre Pertuis Pass. By the 9th or 10th century, this abbey had property and influence all the way to Lake Biel and into the Balsthal valley. The first monastic cells of what would become the Abbey of

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overlord) moved into the Oberland. The nobles also began to found monasteries to spread their power into the Oberland. During the period between 1070 and 1150, at least ten large monasteries were founded by local nobles. These include; the

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of the canton of Bern. This seven-member collegial body is elected by the people for a period of four years. The cantonal constitution reserves one seat in the Executive Council for a French-speaking citizen from the Bernese Jura.

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In the Middle Ages, upwards mobility and access to public offices was relatively easy for successful traders and craftsmen, but Bernese society became ever more stratified and aristocratic as the power and wealth of the city grew.

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minorities. These churches also have state church status, and the small Jewish community is similarly recognised by law. As everywhere in Switzerland, there are also significant religious communities of immigrants, including

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were appointed Rector or delegate of the king in Burgundy. Their hopes for a new, independent Burgundy were dashed in 1156, and the last Zähringen count, Berchtold V, embarked on a program of city founding. The cities of

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born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 339,659 or 35.5% who were born in the same canton, while 154,709 or 16.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 129,864 or 13.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

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were all established before the new faith made inroads into the valley. The Aare valley was bordered by three dioceses; Lausanne, Constance and Basel. However, the first Christian missionaries came into the valley from

5701: 991:, the political structure of the Franks had spread into parts of what became Switzerland. In 762/778 the County of Aargau was founded, followed in 861 by the County of Oberaargau and in 965 the County of Bargen. The 3374:(33.6% in 2007 vs 29.0% in 2011). The SPS retained about the same popularity (21.2% in 2007), the BDP moved from below fourth place in 2007 to third and the GPS moved from below fourth place in 2007 to fourth. 4771:

Tourism is the main source of income in the Bernese Oberland. Other important sectors are agriculture (especially cattle breeding), cheese making, and hydroelectric power generation. The Bernese cheese

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There were 454,000 private households in the canton in 2014, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. As of 2013, the construction rate of new housing units was 4.4 new units per 1000 residents.

1115:. The Bishops of Basel and Lausanne remained loyal to King Henry IV, and took the Rheinfelden lands in Oberaargau and the upper Aare valley. After Rudolf's death in 1090, his lands went to his son, 1867:, citizenship had become an inherited prerogative, all political bodies elected one another and officials were elected for life. In effect, public offices were now the exclusive prerogative of the 1363:. Bern's support of Eberhard, their resulting expansion into the Oberland and their alliance with the Forest Cantons brought the city into conflict with the Habsburgs during the 14th century. The 718:(800–450 BCE) to abandon settlements along many waterways and in the valley floors and move to the plateaus and hills. With increased trade contacts across the Alps, the cultural influence of the 7527: 1659:. Both districts had quite a bit of independence and often entered into treaties against the will and best interests of the Counts. In 1340 the Saanen valley concluded a peace treaty with the 1411:

to Bern. However, in 1367 he sold it, without repaying Bern, to his cousin Rudolf IV of Nidau. After Rudolf's death (1375) Bern acquired clear right to the Aarberg lands from the other heirs.

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In 2000, there were 397,095 people who were single and never married in the canton. There were 449,014 married individuals, 61,206 widows or widowers and 49,882 individuals who are divorced.

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Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz, Mutationsmeldungen 2009 / Répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse, Mutations 2009 / Elenco ufficiale dei Comuni della Svizzera, Mutazione 2009

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lost both districts to Bern when his county went bankrupt. Bern took over the entire Saanen valley in the following year and introduced the Protestant Reformation. They incorporated the

4657: 2494: 2480: 2458: 2429: 2180: 401: 4883: 1205:(Count Saugern around 1130). However, in 1191 the Oberland barons revolted against Berchtold V of Zähringen and many of the Oberland barons were killed in the battle of Grindelwald. 1890:

led a revolt against Bern, in protest at what he saw as the denial of political rights of the French-speaking Vaudois by the German-speaking Bernese, and was subsequently beheaded.

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had called for French intervention in liberating the area and French Revolutionary troops moved in, taking over the whole of Switzerland itself in the process and setting up the

538:-speaking, and has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 1,043,132. The largest city, Bern, is also the seat of the federal government of Switzerland. Other major cities are 1332:

and the surrounding lands as collateral for a loan. In 1324, Bern acquired the pledged castle and lands. When the Emperor was unable to repay the loan, Laupen became the first

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happened relatively peacefully. One exception was the Battle of Wangen in 610, but elsewhere it generally was a slow process of cultural infiltration. By the 7th century, the

1546:(rural alpine communities). However, throughout the Late Middle Ages, the Oberland, as a whole or in part, revolted several times against Bernese authority. The Evil League ( 1445:

By the 1370s, the Kyburgs (which still held Thun as a fief for Bern) were deeply in debt to Bern. On 11 November 1382, Rudolf II of Neu-Kyburg made an unsuccessful raid on

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in 1032 allowed the Salian kings to acquire the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy and with it the Aare valley. As a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the valley was involved when the

459:, Bern is the second-largest canton by both surface area and population. Located in west-central Switzerland, it is surrounded by eleven cantons. It borders the cantons of 2615: 774:(450−1st century BCE) is indicated by a sudden change of style in the metalworking and ceramic industries. Numerous graves (from unknown settlements), along with the two 1955:

French-speaking Vaudois had never felt like part of the German-speaking Canton of Bern. When they joined the Swiss Confederation in 1803, it was as the Canton of Vaud.

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in 843 put the border between Central and Eastern Frankish Empires at the Aare, and divided the Aare region in half. The population west of the Aare generally spoke a

1966:. When the Helvetic Republic collapsed in 1803, Saanen and its district became a district in the new Canton of Bern while Château-d'Oex and its district joined Vaud. 1538:

By 1400, Bern controlled the entire Bernese Oberland. Under their control, the five valleys of the Oberland enjoyed extensive rights and far-reaching autonomy in the

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in Erlach (Fenis family in 1100), Trub (Lords of Lützelflüh before 1130) and Rüegsau (possibly also the Lords of Lützelflüh in first half of the 12th century), the

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and Bützberg. Most of the knowledge about the Hallstatt culture in the Canton comes from graves. The only discovered settlement is around Blanche Church in

7429: 6542: 5504: 339: 326: 6862: 6404: 4825:). Of the 121,749 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.0% were Swiss men, 24.8% were Swiss women, 6.2% were non-Swiss men and 4.0% were non-Swiss women. 4791:

As of 2015, Bern had an unemployment rate of 2.58%, compared to the Swiss national average of 3.3%. As of 2013, there were 34,200 people employed in the

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comes from this region's forests and pastures, of hilly and low mountainous countryside in the 1,000 to 2,000 m (3,300 to 6,600 ft) range.

7013: 6023: 4737: 4693: 4071: 4803:, with 55,347 businesses in this sector. Of the working population, 31.0% used public transportation to get to work, and 51.0% used a private car. 6796: 5627: 4844: 4278: 4784:

The area around Lake Biel is renowned for its wine production. The 3 French-speaking districts of the Bernese Jura and the bilingual district of

2259:. In the Western Bernese Oberland there are many other resorts and small villages catering to visitors. These are accessed from the lake town of 1581:. However, in 1350 a period of crises and conflicts led to a decline in the number of monks and nuns and increasing debt. In 1348, the people of 763:

coal. At Münchringen, the grave pottery was both shaped by hand or thrown on a potter's wheel, and was painted with multi-colored ornamentation.

4665:), although it is autonomous in its governance and is organised along democratic principles. The canton is also home to a great number of small 7532: 7099: 6857: 3543: 3359: 2649: 1880: 1743:

The area of the canton of Bern consists of lands acquired by the city of Bern mostly between the 14th and the 16th century during the original

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and Hartmann II of Neu-Kyburg started fighting with each other over who would inherit the family's lands around Thun. The fighting led to the "

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Under the Romans, many of the old fortified places were expanded and refortified. The old Helvetii oppidum at the Engehalbinsel became a Roman

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settlers had already taken most of the good locations southeast of the Aare and they began moving up the Aare to the regions of Lake Thun and

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graves at Allenlüften in Mühleberg, at Ins and at Bützberg. The jewelry that was buried included bracelets and rings which were also made of

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The official blazon specifies that the tongue, claws and penis are red—and by extension it is important to always depict the bear as male.

3808: 2670: 201: 2312: 1482:. While Bern was not involved at Sempach they took advantage of the Austrian weakness to march into the Oberland in 1386, followed by the 5838: 6520: 4816: 4685:, were founded or co-founded by Bernese emigrants to the United States. Two small Evangelical political parties are represented in the 1925: 7227: 6817: 6567: 6414: 3861: 2594: 2523: 456: 4748:

and 913 individuals who belonged to another church. 74,162 (or about 7.75% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or

1609:. The tenants of the Monastery who had expected the abolition of all owed debts, responded by rioting, which was suppressed by Bern. 847:

of the Romans. Under increasing Roman influence, the local economy and trade flourished. The main settlements lay at the foot of the

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Bern still remained the largest canton of the confederacy from 1815 to 1979, when parts of the Bernese Jura broke away to form the

1183:(Count of Hochburgund-Mâcon in the late 11th century), Hettiswil (1107), Röthenbach im Emmental (Lords of Rümligen or Signau), the 7247: 7081: 6929: 6440: 5793: 4725:

have, as elsewhere in Switzerland, caused a public stir due to vocal opposition from local conservative and evangelical leaders.

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second most common (72,646 or 7.6%) native language and Italian was the third (18,908 or 2.0%). There were 688 people who speak

2449:, has 12 seats guaranteed and 3 seats are guaranteed for the French-speaking minority of the bilingual district of Biel/Bienne. 7517: 7419: 7175: 7161: 7144: 7054: 7006: 6837: 6562: 5965: 4796: 1978: 1427: 1011: 7397: 7277: 7262: 7001: 6996: 6986: 6976: 6847: 6547: 4800: 2729: 1597:, which ended in defeat for Unterwalden and its allies. By 1472, Bern was the patron of the Monastery. During the Protestant 1015: 5598: 5569: 4788:

are renowned for their watch industry and its mechanical industry (high precision machine tools, automation and machining).

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Throughout the 14th century, Bern entered into alliances and treaties with many of its neighbors, including members of the

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which was discovered in Grächwil. Burial rituals and social classes became more developed during this time. The so-called

1640:. However, as the power of the Savoys declined at the beginning of the 15th century the land was occupied by troops from 940:

inscriptions. At the beginning of the 5th century CE, Rome withdrew its troops from the Rhine garrisons, but allowed the

7074: 6852: 6500: 6495: 6409: 4736:(or about 0.96% of the population), there were 1,064 individuals (or about 0.11% of the population) who belonged to the 4331: 3649: 2758:: (as of 2014) both German (85.1% of the population) and French (10.4%) are spoken. The German-speaking majority speaks 1471: 1237: 1116: 1112: 832: 826: 218: 7325: 7315: 7272: 7242: 7212: 7197: 7134: 6954: 6902: 6867: 6632: 6433: 5745: 5723: 3371: 3351: 2442: 97: 83: 5898: 7482: 7252: 7059: 6959: 6907: 6527: 6490: 4902:"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit" 4122: 3367: 2627: 2040: 1072: 657: 7387: 7237: 7222: 7202: 6485: 5812: 2453: 2070:

and its tributaries. The area of the canton is commonly divided into six regions. The most populated area is the

2009: 1687: 236: 7350: 7217: 7154: 7139: 6924: 6842: 6779: 6593: 6532: 4812: 4669:

Christian denominations unaffiliated with the state church. Bernese evangelical groups are mostly found in the

3702: 2695: 2665: 2568: 2514: 2415: 1864: 1854: 1159:. Nobles from the Holy Roman Empire began to marry into the local noble families and a number of the Zähringen 205: 6383: 1351:" where Eberhard killed his brother Hartmann. To avoid punishment by his Habsburg overlords, Eberhard fled to 452:

capital of Switzerland. The bear is the heraldic symbol of the canton, displayed on a red-yellow background.

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Party fragmented, part remained in a coalition with the FGA and the remainder formed the Green Party of Bern

3596: 3355: 2610: 1970: 1744: 1632:. Then, in 1032 the Zähringens of Germany defeated the Burgundians, who were then replaced by the counts of 1307: 1104: 1100: 588: 6584: 7455: 7448: 7302: 7267: 7129: 7064: 7042: 6832: 6812: 6725: 6705: 6655: 6640: 6477: 6460: 6116: 6101: 6046: 5988: 5671: 2774:. In the cantonal government and administration, both languages are official languages of equal standing. 2560: 2556: 2471: 1080: 1023: 620: 468: 356: 71: 2074:

on the plateau north of the Alps, with the capital city of Bern. The northmost part of the canton is the

7355: 7320: 7232: 7086: 7023: 6645: 6505: 6051: 4729: 4686: 4648: 4232: 3967: 3603: 2783: 2657: 2640: 2424: 2154:, has more relaxed geography, although still some lower mountains and some waterfalls, and large lakes. 2131: 1793: 1723:

for five-year periods. Aigle and Grandson were the first French speaking regions in the Canton of Bern.

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and Bern were all founded by Berchtold V. When he died without an heir, the Zähringen lands went to the

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villages that existed between 3800 and 2950 BC. One of the oldest examples of bread from Switzerland, a

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The earliest traces of a human presence in the area of the modern Canton is found in three caves in the

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native language. Respondents could choose up to three native languages, leading to a total above 100%.

1835: 1430:, in 1367–68. The bishop marched south and destroyed Biel along with a number of towns in the southern 1176: 4677:, where they have a long tradition; several contemporary North American religious groups, such as the 2536: 2478:

The canton has a two-tiered court system, consisting of district courts and a cantonal Supreme Court (

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next to a Roman temple complex. A wooden monastery was built over the complex in the 8th–9th century.

503:. The geography of the canton includes a large share of all three natural regions of Switzerland: the 7464: 7414: 7392: 7292: 7207: 6827: 6720: 6351: 6131: 4599: 3656: 3444: 2678: 2644: 1812: 1728: 1566: 1491: 1467: 1359:, its castle and the land surrounding Thun to Bern. Bern then granted the land back to Eberhard as a 1217: 1066: 719: 612: 578: 980:. All areas west of the Aare belonged to the romanised Burgundian kingdom, which became part of the 7335: 7069: 6730: 6379: 6192: 6166: 6126: 4799:

and there were 11,925 businesses in this sector. Approximately 453,800 people were employed in the

4637: 4338: 3815: 3762: 3497: 2716: 2623: 2598: 2572: 1612: 1478:, troops from Zürich, Lucerne and the Forest Cantons marched out and defeated the Austrians at the 1244:

in the battle of Mühldorf (Bavaria) in 1322, Bern entered an alliance with the anti-Habsburg Swiss

981: 624: 488: 464: 1977:, two years later, with the abolition of the Helvetic Republic and the partial restoration of the 7496: 7469: 7402: 7109: 6981: 6971: 6675: 6371: 6355: 6071: 2712: 2674: 2661: 2252: 2099: 2071: 2021: 1963: 1936: 1808: 1712: 1629: 1519: 1241: 1213: 1007: 988: 836: 672: 492: 472: 6359: 2162: 1959: 1944: 771: 690:

has been found on the dried out lake bed, it was part of lake village near Twann, a stone-lined

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and about 11,563 businesses involved in this sector. About 132,800 people were employed in the

817: 6700: 6282: 6096: 5815:

Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton

5489: 5134: 5031: 4901: 4732:, while 153,357 or 16.0% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 9,153 3709: 2720: 2699: 2682: 2606: 2602: 2564: 2333: 2256: 2139: 2051: 1929: 1917: 1907: 1636:

in 1218. Under the counts of Savoy the area was given political unity, and established as the

1625: 1551: 1479: 1261: 1202: 1195: 1085: 1000: 969: 952: 715: 668: 561:, the canton of Bern entered an alliance with the Swiss Forest Cantons in 1323 and joined the 558: 496: 1119:. He and his son, Berchtold III, tried to use these lands to expand their power. In 1127 the 7382: 7370: 6991: 6770: 6735: 6685: 6680: 6665: 6375: 6367: 6121: 6081: 6076: 6056: 6015: 3868: 3550: 3437: 2779: 2724: 2589: 2083: 1974: 1921: 1732: 1716: 1708: 1594: 1400: 1383: 1364: 1152: 1148: 1089: 1036: 1032: 996: 992: 965: 736: 520: 500: 480: 429: 421: 5494: 2110:

The Bernese Mittelland (Bernese Midlands) is made up of the valley of the rivers Aare, the

1569:

grew to become the largest landholder in the region. The Monastery controlled the towns of

1268: 1256: 6363: 6347: 6328: 5822: 5797: 5775: 5752: 5730: 5708: 5573: 4859: 4674: 4384: 4285: 4225: 2737: 2585: 2552: 2248: 2036: 2003: 1715:, Charles' forces retreated and the Bernese retook Grandson. After Charles' defeat at the 1704: 1679: 1455: 1340: 1232: 1180: 1137: 1046: 929: 871: 644:, the Toteisbecken (Lobsigensee, Moossee, Burgäschisee and Inkwilersee) and along rivers ( 574: 535: 531: 413: 405: 57: 42: 4752:, and 37,059 individuals (or about 3.87% of the population) did not answer the question. 3385:

Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the federal elections, 1971–2019

2441:) is the parliament of the canton of Bern. It consists of 160 representatives elected by 1438:

in 1375, there were several battles between Bernese troops and English mercenaries under

792:) along with silver and bronze coins first start to appear during this era. A sword with 5769:

Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850–2000

1628:

were the next area into which Bern expanded. The region had originally been part of the

7375: 7340: 7028: 6695: 6622: 6091: 4849: 4821: 4666: 4129: 2759: 2345: 2197: 2147: 2079: 2032: 2025: 1637: 1602: 1431: 1372: 1093: 1019: 883: 848: 793: 732: 711: 676: 504: 476: 460: 332: 132: 5790: 2325: 2130:

In the north of the canton lies the predominantly French-speaking Three Lakes Region (

1886:

In Vaud the Bernese occupation was not popular amongst the population. In 1723, Major

1719:, Grandson became a shared territory between Bern and Fribourg. Each city appointed a 1292: 7506: 7365: 7330: 6966: 6765: 6750: 6617: 6515: 6161: 6146: 6006: 5997: 5852: 5499: 4854: 2548: 2381: 2316: 2228: 2166: 2105: 1887: 1800: 1574: 1325: 1245: 1160: 767: 756: 748: 512: 484: 1644:. By 1536 the area was completely annexed. Reformation was started by co-workers of 7360: 7282: 6333: 6272: 6187: 5126: 4652: 4640: 4609: 3921: 2767: 2763: 2749: 2446: 2308: 2268: 2240: 2189: 2111: 2075: 2060: 2013: 1879:, ruled the politically powerless countryside, often using armed force to put down 1691: 1670: 1649: 1523: 1495: 1322: 1192: 1188: 933: 891: 879: 781: 508: 223: 6262: 4778: 4721:. As of 2006, the plans to expand a backyard mosque in Langenthal with a symbolic 4647:

Most Bernese are Protestant (as of 2000, 67%), and most Protestants belong to the

4614:

Gules, on a bend or, a bear passant sable, langued, armed and vilené of the field.

3370:(9.4%). The SVP received about the same percentage of the vote as they did in the 2766:

dialect. French-speakers live in the western and northern part of the canton, the

1276: 1120: 806: 5606: 5566: 2804:

In 2003, the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern city was 1108.92

2215:

The well known hiking and ski resorts in the eastern Oberland are located around

1605:

received a financial settlement and the properties were now managed by a Bernese

7310: 7091: 6670: 6456: 6338: 6217: 6061: 5877: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5105: 5099: 5093: 4811:

In Bern about 385,640 or (40.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory

4785: 2805: 2771: 2581: 2530: 2363: 2300: 2232: 2146:, which rises from the plain up to the northernmost Swiss mountain chain of the 2143: 2017: 1958:

Under the Helvetic Republic, Pays-d'Enhaut with Château-d'Œx became part of the

1935:

In 1798, with the establishment of the Helvetic Republic, Bern was divided, the

1656: 1645: 1621: 1616:

Map of the modern Canton of Vaud, which was annexed by Bern from 1536 until 1798

1598: 1590: 1582: 1578: 1570: 1555: 1487: 1419: 1348: 1184: 1169: 1041: 977: 941: 887: 687: 628: 543: 441: 345: 300: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5357: 5351: 5345: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5066: 5060: 5054: 4986: 4980: 4974: 3358:

which received 29.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the

1898: 1288:

The districts of the Bernese Aargau before the creation of the Canton of Aargau

7114: 6612: 6297: 6222: 6202: 4929:"Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle" 4773: 4764: 4682: 2653: 2636: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2329: 2284: 2264: 2216: 2193: 2173: 2119: 1586: 1565:

In the Bernese Oberland during the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century

1399:, Weissenbur and Oberhasli). The allied Bernese forces were victorious at the 1344: 1209: 1199: 1057: 875: 863: 744: 684: 632: 547: 4928: 161: 148: 6710: 6323: 6287: 6106: 5927: 4815:, and 121,749 or (12.7%) have completed additional higher education (either 4733: 4078: 4027: 3974: 2755: 2304: 2276: 2272: 2244: 2151: 2135: 2056: 1759: 1700: 1660: 1507: 1503: 1446: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1333: 913: 867: 859: 844: 680: 641: 637: 608: 546:. The canton is also renowned for its numerous Alpine resort towns, notably 527: 112: 4884:

Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen

2445:

for four-year terms of office. The French-speaking part of the canton, the

2220: 2196:

within the canton of Bern. The highest mountain in the Bernese Alps is the

1539: 1284: 1003:. The region between the rivers Saane and Aare became the language border. 4908:(in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020 1550:) in 1445 fought against Bernese military service and taxes following the 1395:

consisting of Bernese, supported by the Forest Cantons, and other allies (

1208:

During the 13th century a number of the cities near Bern were granted the

7345: 6715: 6247: 6227: 6111: 4864: 4745: 4741: 4702: 4670: 4180: 2619: 2393: 2357: 2351: 2236: 2209: 2205: 2115: 1948: 1841: 1774: 1515: 1407:

In 1358 the cash-strapped Count Peter II of Aarberg pawned the County of

1368: 1228: 973: 840: 789: 785: 616: 316: 1530:, 1412 Oltigen and in 1413 (together with Solothurn) Bipp and Bechburg. 631:

settlement at Moosbühl in Moosseedorf. During the warmer climate of the

6740: 6690: 6425: 6257: 6252: 6242: 6136: 6086: 5508:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 795. 5008: 4760: 4749: 4722: 2708: 1951:

as its capital were detached from what was left of the Canton of Bern.

1876: 1606: 1527: 1475: 1408: 906: 801: 760: 740: 583:

List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Bern

5839:

Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%)

4624: 1920:, the Vaudois drove out the Bernese governor in 1798 and declared the 6760: 6745: 6650: 6307: 6277: 6267: 6237: 6232: 6151: 6141: 6041: 4605: 2691: 2292: 2288: 2224: 1824: 1804: 1780: 1753: 1711:

retook the castle and executed the Bernese garrison. In 1476, at the

1683: 1511: 1499: 1435: 1379: 1329: 1172: 1164: 1129: 1028: 984: 925: 776: 723: 551: 5317: 1973:

proposed reuniting the Oberland with Bern, but it was not until the

702: 636:

lake along with alpine valleys at Diemtig and Simmental. During the

5311: 5305: 5170: 2200:

at 4,274 m (14,022 ft), but the best known mountains are

683:

from 3560 to 3530 BC, came from one of these villages. A preserved

6292: 6197: 6182: 5952: 5493: 5164: 5158: 4759: 4718: 4678: 4623: 4549:"*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton. 2513: 2414: 2369: 2324: 2201: 2161: 2050: 1897: 1789: 1695: 1669: 1633: 1611: 1291: 1283: 1275: 1267: 1255: 1179:(Lords of Rümligen in 1072), Münchenwiler (Wiler family in 1080), 1156: 1155:

were divided into a number of small counties, each with their own

1056: 951: 924:) of a Roman villa have been discovered. The villas at Münsingen, 902: 816: 701: 664: 349: 2770:. Both German and French are spoken in the bilingual district of 2086:

is the mountainous region which lies in the south of the canton.

1378:

In 1334, Bern fought with the Barons of Weissenburg and occupied

1006:

Christianity spread slowly into the Aare valley. The dioceses of

6755: 6212: 6207: 6156: 5626:(Report). Federal Statistical Office. 2009. nden. Archived from 5242: 4698: 4633: 4629: 2733: 2280: 2260: 2067: 1940: 1818: 1720: 1703:

of Aigle. Also in 1475, the Confederation attacked and captured

1641: 1559: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1141: 1133: 964:, the transition from the Gallo-Roman dominated population to a 961: 691: 649: 645: 539: 516: 445: 189: 6429: 5961: 5236: 5230: 1554:, in 1528 the Oberland rose up in resistance to the Protestant 6302: 2819: 1690:, who were allied with Bern, attacked and burned the tower of 1071:

During the 10th century, the Aare valley came fully under the

1962:

while Saanen and the rest of the district became part of the

5668:"Regional comparison of selected indicators (Cantons)Kanton" 1474:

invaded eastern Switzerland. When they besieged the city of

640:

period, there were a number of settlements on the shores of

2816:

The historical population is given in the following chart:

2506:) as well as other specialised courts and judicial boards. 2339: 1735:

with Château-d'Œx into the new Bernese district of Saanen.

5791:

Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Elections in Switzerland

1386:

in the Oberland. Bern's victory allowed them to bring the

1107:

broke out in 1056. In 1077, the Regent of Burgundy, Count

912:

A number of Roman villas were built around the Canton. At

5599:"Gerichte und Strafverfolgungsbehörden des Kantons Bern" 1749:

Acquired districts, with dates of acquisition, include:

1655:

Both Château-d'Œx and Saanen were part of the county of

627:. The first open-air settlement in the area is an upper 4728:

From the 2000 census, 607,358 or 63.5% belonged to the

1486:(the region south of the Jura Mountains containing the 1212:

and appointed mayors and city councils. Bern became an

7480: 5547: 591:

in 1353. Between 1803 and 1814 it was one of the six

5541: 5535: 5469: 5397: 5131:

A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages Vol.2

2711:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2677:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2656:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2639:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2622:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2601:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 2551:, made up of all or part of the former districts of 623:. These caves were used at various times during the 378: 7301: 7174: 7041: 6889: 6805: 6631: 6605: 6592: 6476: 6392: 6316: 6175: 6034: 5859:. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 20 October 2019 5463: 5457: 5391: 5385: 5281: 4692:Bern features substantial Roman Catholic (16%) and 1593:. Bern responded with a military expedition to the 1296:

Districts of the Canton of Bern in the 18th century

722:grew in the area. Evidence of this trade include a 373: 365: 355: 338: 325: 315: 307: 296: 291: 283: 275: 270: 262: 257: 243: 229: 216: 211: 195: 185: 177: 26: 7528:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages 5670:. Swiss Federal Statistical Office. Archived from 5358: 5275: 5269: 5206: 2307:, with the highest train station in Europe at the 2066:The canton of Bern is mainly drained by the river 956:Burgundian and Allamanni lands between 534 and 843 5841:(Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. 5352: 5346: 5200: 5194: 4987: 1502:in 1389. In the peace agreement of 1389 Bern got 1198:in Interlaken (Oberhofen family in 1130) and the 1061:Lands held by the main noble families around 1200 858:The existing roads were expanded, especially the 4981: 4975: 1418:. Bern entered into a series of agreements with 1111:, declared himself as an anti-king against King 483:. East of the canton of Bern lie the cantons of 5888: 5886: 4711:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2299:has an extensive train network as well as many 1674:Siege and execution of the garrison at Grandson 663:One of the best explored neolithic sites is at 5746:Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices 5028:Making Archaeology Happen: Design Versus Dogma 1986:Between 1803 and 1814 Bern was one of the six 1777:and other towns in the Bernese Oberland (1400) 1099:The succession dispute following the death of 784:, mark the population centers during the late 694:had been dug near the preserved boat in 1874. 671:). In the Twannbach delta there were about 25 6441: 5973: 5106: 4896: 4894: 4892: 1601:, the Monastery was secularized in 1528. The 1422:, which led to a conflict with Biel's ruler, 1355:. In the following year, he sold the town of 1163:families (unfree knights in the service of a 467:to the north. To the west lie the cantons of 8: 5521:, Éditions Fragnière, Fribourg, Switzerland. 5100: 5094: 5085: 5083: 5009:"Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps" 4927:Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). 4539:FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009 2694:, made up of all of the former districts of 49: 34: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 2736:, made up of all of the former district of 2584:, made up of all of the former district of 2322:Mountains in the Bernese Oberland include: 2287:and the Saanenland with the famous resorts 1771:Unterseen and the Upper Simme valley (1386) 706:Helveto-Roman settlement Bern-Engehalbinsel 266:5,959.59 km (2,301.01 sq mi) 7425:Cultural Property of National Significance 7180: 7047: 6895: 6602: 6598: 6448: 6434: 6426: 5980: 5966: 5958: 5702:STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000 5376: 5374: 3381: 2823: 2492:). There is also an administrative court ( 2419:The Grand Council, the cantonal parliament 878:, was added to the traditional three; the 654:Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps 652:). Several of these sites are part of the 23: 5893:Federal Department of Statistics (2004). 5337: 5335: 5333: 5260: 5258: 5067: 4559:Part of a coalition with Separatist Party 2588:and about half of the former district of 1542:(farming cooperative municipalities) and 1280:The Swiss Confederacy in the 18th century 5724:Statistical office of the Canton of Bern 5490:Coolidge, Rev. William Augustus Brevoort 5433: 5061: 5055: 4781:; however, it is no longer operational. 4589:Part of a coalition with the Green Party 1223:In 1298 Bernese forces won a victory at 843:were forced to return to their homes as 7487: 5924:"Minaret row rumbles on in Switzerland" 5662: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5427: 5421: 4876: 4845:List of mountains of the canton of Bern 3392: 2534:) were combined into 10 new districts ( 2024:, while the canton of Léman became the 1902:The Helvetic Republic from 1798 to 1801 1620:The lands around the northern shore of 1375:area ended without resolving anything. 944:to settle on Helvetii lands in 443 CE. 372: 354: 324: 314: 290: 269: 256: 210: 184: 176: 141: 121: 77: 4651:, which is officially recognised as a 2118:. The classic Swiss cheese with holes 1983:, that the two cantons were reunited. 780:at Bern-Engehalbinsel and Jensberg by 5133:. London: Greenhill. pp. 241–5. 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4840:Canton of Bern castles and fortresses 2528:On 1 January 2010, the 26 districts ( 2315:in the world from Grindelwald to the 1339:In 1322, the brothers Eberhard II of 364: 337: 306: 295: 282: 274: 261: 242: 228: 215: 194: 7: 5588:– Key Data. Retrieved 18 August 2020 5554:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5476:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5440:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5404:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5365:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5324:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5288:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5249:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5213:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5177:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5113:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5074:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 5030:. Taylor & Francis. p. 43. 4994:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4835:Municipalities of the canton of Bern 1589:joined a mutual defense league with 1031:and other western areas. In 630 the 5989:Cantons and capitals of Switzerland 2782:. Using different methodology, the 2263:, and the most notable of them are 2219:and the Jungfrau, such as car-free 2188:) constitute the north side of the 2126:Three Lakes Region and Bernese Jura 1849:Social changes in Early Modern Bern 800:was found at the Port site. At the 479:. To the south lies the cantons of 5813:Swiss Federal Statistical Office, 5026:Martin Oswald Hugh Carver (2016). 2524:Subdivisions of the canton of Bern 2247:, famous for the fateful scene of 1807:(1528, all the suppression of the 999:, while those to the east spoke a 909:river between Aegerten and Brügg. 14: 5301:Interlaken Monastery and District 3354:, the most popular party was the 2028:and remained separate from Bern. 1371:over rights and influence in the 1260:The Swiss Confederacy before the 874:roads. A fourth alpine pass, the 515:(the Bernese Mittelland) and the 7523:Cantons of the Helvetic Republic 7490: 6583: 5586:Swiss Federal Statistical Office 5576:(german). Retrieved 30 July 2009 5154:Aarberg (Herrschaft, Amtsbezirk) 4569:Part of a coalition with the FGA 2150:. This area, culminating at the 1912:Swiss Confederation (Napoleonic) 1747:, both by conquest and purchase. 1449:. The ensuing conflict with the 890:passes. In the Bernese Jura the 821:Baths at Engehalbinsel near Bern 731:become a necropolis, such as at 131: 106: 96: 82: 6410:By gross regional product (GRP) 5895:"Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion" 5007:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 2518:Districts of the canton of Bern 2396:– 3,248 m (10,656 ft) 2390:– 3,503 m (11,493 ft) 2384:– 3,664 m (12,021 ft) 2378:– 3,698 m (12,133 ft) 2372:– 3,969 m (13,022 ft) 2366:– 4,078 m (13,379 ft) 2360:– 4,107 m (13,474 ft) 2354:– 4,158 m (13,642 ft) 2348:– 4,274 m (14,022 ft) 987:kingdom in the 534. During the 936:that are still partly visible. 331:4,274 m (14,022 ft): 237:Regierungsrat, Conseil exécutif 6943:President of the Confederation 2402:– 2,971 m (9,747 ft) 1992:Napoleonic Swiss Confederation 1799:Interlaken, with Grindelwald, 1786:Lower Simme valley (1439–1449) 920:) and the industrial section ( 714:changes in climate forced the 597:Napoleonic Swiss Confederation 344:401.5 m (1,317 ft): 1: 7533:1353 establishments in Europe 5226:Böser Bund in Berner Oberland 4744:, 5,991 individuals who were 4734:members of an Orthodox church 2059:across the Mittelland to the 1272:The Swiss Confederacy in 1416 1151:both the Aare valley and the 5853:"Eidgenössische Wahlen 2019" 5013:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2872: 1506:and the Upper Simme valley ( 827:Switzerland in the Roman era 6339:Unterwalden (-15th century) 6047:Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR) 5781:. Retrieved 29 January 2011 5714:. Retrieved 2 February 2011 4687:Bernese cantonal parliament 2443:proportional representation 2251:'s 'death' at the hands of 1863:By the 17th century in the 7549: 6052:Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI) 5880:. Retrieved 8 January 2012 5803:. Retrieved 5 January 2012 5736:. Retrieved 4 January 2012 4597: 4584: 4574: 4564: 4554: 4544: 4534: 4482:Voter participation % 3384: 2826: 2747: 2521: 2341: 2171: 2103: 2097: 2041:canton of Basel-Landschaft 2001: 1926:Frédéric-César de La Harpe 1905: 1852: 1682:, the mountain regions of 1299: 1073:Second Kingdom of Burgundy 1064: 824: 658:UNESCO World Heritage Site 611:region; Schnurenloch near 572: 251:Grosser Rat, Grand conseil 7442: 7183: 7050: 6898: 6601: 6581: 6467: 5774:30 September 2014 at the 4813:upper secondary education 4738:Christian Catholic Church 3389: 3315: 3277: 3249: 3221: 3193: 3158: 3130: 3102: 3074: 3046: 3012: 2984: 2956: 2928: 2900: 2869: 2827:Historic Population Data 2454:Executive Council of Bern 2342: 2192:and the west side of the 2008:With the post−Napoleonic 1924:. Vaud nationalists like 1577:and numerous farms along 1367:in 1333 between Bern and 1117:Berchtold II of Zähringen 1035:established the Abbey of 142: 122: 78: 69: 6903:Administrative divisions 6790:list of cities and towns 5729:15 February 2012 at the 4886:accessed 27 October 2017 3378:Federal election results 2616:Frutigen-Niedersimmental 1855:Early Modern Switzerland 1768:Thun and Burgdorf (1384) 1745:Swiss Confederacy period 1667:) in 1445 against Bern. 1144:reverted to the empire. 1140:, while the offices and 916:both the main building ( 809:and Bern-Engehalbinsel. 619:and Chilchlihöhle above 124:Location in Switzerland 7100:Pharmaceutical industry 6024:Flags and coats of arms 5828:. Retrieved 28 May 2010 5796:11 January 2012 at the 5759:. Retrieved 26 May 2010 5505:Encyclopædia Britannica 4933:Bundesamt für Statistik 4793:primary economic sector 4715:Bern Switzerland Temple 2235:. Further east, in the 2134:), concentrated around 2039:was transferred to the 1943:as its capital and the 1498:lakes) in 1388 and the 1390:region, its capital of 1308:Old Swiss Confederation 1105:Investiture Controversy 589:Old Swiss Confederation 308: • Per capita 287:180/km (450/sq mi) 7518:Cantons of Switzerland 7105:Science and technology 6948:Federal administration 5878:Flags of the World.com 5572:1 January 2009 at the 4768: 4701:(who have a prominent 4662: 4644: 2754:The canton of Bern is 2519: 2510:Political subdivisions 2504:Tribunal administratif 2503: 2499: 2489: 2485: 2467: 2463: 2438: 2434: 2420: 2337: 2275:. Further west is the 2185: 2178:The Bernese Oberland ( 2169: 2063: 1971:Malmaison Constitution 1903: 1675: 1617: 1428:Prince-Bishop of Basel 1297: 1289: 1281: 1273: 1265: 1062: 957: 822: 766:The transition to the 707: 526:The canton of Bern is 433: 425: 417: 409: 50: 35: 6057:Basel-Landschaft (BL) 5751:23 April 2010 at the 5567:Kanton Bern, Regionen 5519:Histoire de la Suisse 4763: 4730:Swiss Reformed Church 4649:Swiss Reformed Church 4627: 4233:National conservatism 3604:National conservatism 3372:2007 Federal election 3352:2011 federal election 2517: 2425:Grand Council of Bern 2418: 2328: 2165: 2054: 2002:Further information: 1906:Further information: 1901: 1853:Further information: 1673: 1615: 1451:Old Swiss Confederacy 1302:Old Swiss Confederacy 1295: 1287: 1279: 1271: 1259: 1252:Old Swiss Confederacy 1218:Rudolph I of Habsburg 1109:Rudolf of Rheinfelden 1065:Further information: 1060: 955: 932:have richly detailed 825:Further information: 820: 705: 563:Old Swiss Confederacy 557:Formerly part of the 303:80.209 billion (2020) 21:Canton in Switzerland 16:Canton of Switzerland 7430:World Heritage Sites 6334:Outer Schwyz (-1833) 5904:on 24 September 2016 5707:9 April 2014 at the 5609:on 1 September 2005. 4871:Notes and references 4713:(who have built the 4600:Coat of arms of Bern 3703:Ring of Independents 3657:Classical liberalism 3445:Classical liberalism 2688:Obersimmental-Saanen 2633:Interlaken-Oberhasli 2012:, Bern acquired the 1813:Interlaken Monastery 1707:. In the next year, 1678:In 1475, during the 1567:Interlaken Monastery 1067:Medieval Switzerland 720:Mediterranean region 579:Coat of arms of Bern 444:. Its capital city, 284: • Density 7228:Firearms regulation 6797:Statistical regions 6606:Physiographic areas 6035:Present-day cantons 5821:14 May 2015 at the 5674:on 14 February 2016 5633:on 18 November 2010 4339:Right-wing populism 3816:Christian socialism 3763:Christian democracy 3498:Christian democracy 2856:Christian Catholic 2812:Historic population 2599:Langnau im Emmental 2010:Restoration of 1815 1988:directorial cantons 1865:Early Modern period 1472:Leopold of Habsburg 1440:Enguerrand de Coucy 1416:Swiss Confederation 1238:Louis IV of Bavaria 788:. Gold coins (from 615:, Ranggiloch above 593:directorial cantons 442:Swiss Confederation 158: / 7193:Capital punishment 7125:Telecommunications 7019:Popular initiative 6317:Historical cantons 5930:. 5 September 2006 5531:Canton of Oberland 4769: 4694:Christian Catholic 4645: 4385:Separatist parties 3968:PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL 2859:No religion given 2675:Wangen an der Aare 2520: 2500:Verwaltungsgericht 2421: 2338: 2253:Professor Moriarty 2170: 2100:Bernese Mittelland 2094:Bernese Mittelland 2072:Bernese Mittelland 2064: 2022:bishopric of Basel 1964:Canton of Oberland 1937:canton of Oberland 1904: 1827:or Gessenay (1555) 1809:Augustinian Canons 1739:Acquired districts 1713:Battle of Grandson 1676: 1630:Carolingian Empire 1618: 1298: 1290: 1282: 1274: 1266: 1242:Frederick the Fair 1240:over the Habsburg 1181:St. Peter's Island 1063: 1047:St. Peter's Island 968:population in the 958: 837:Battle of Bibracte 823: 708: 673:Cortaillod culture 297: • Total 276: • Total 263: • Total 202:388 municipalities 7478: 7477: 7438: 7437: 7248:Human trafficking 7170: 7169: 7037: 7036: 7014:Political parties 7007:Council of States 6930:Foreign relations 6885: 6884: 6881: 6880: 6423: 6422: 6344:Helvetic Republic 6324:Appenzell (-1597) 6273:Schaffhausen (SH) 6117:Schaffhausen (SH) 5902:(Interactive Map) 5453:Grandson district 4529: 4528: 3710:Social liberalism 3343: 3342: 2835:Total Population 2537:Verwaltungskreise 2408: 2407: 2334:Joseph Anton Koch 2257:Reichenbach Falls 1930:Helvetic Republic 1918:French Revolution 1908:Helvetic Republic 1894:Napoleonic period 1694:. They then gave 1480:Battle of Sempach 1320:Emperor Henry VII 1262:Battle of Sempach 1203:Frienisberg Abbey 1196:Collegiate church 1086:Holy Roman Empire 1001:Germanic language 970:Early Middle Ages 948:Early Middle Ages 716:Hallstatt culture 559:Holy Roman Empire 436:), is one of the 389: 388: 311:CHF 77,027 (2020) 7540: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7486: 7458: 7451: 7181: 7162:Waste management 7095: 7055:Economic history 7048: 7002:National Council 6987:National Redoubt 6896: 6603: 6599: 6587: 6563:Military history 6533:Early Modern era 6450: 6443: 6436: 6427: 6062:Basel-Stadt (BS) 6026: 6019: 6016:Thirteen Cantons 6010: 6001: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5959: 5953:Official website 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5903: 5897:. Archived from 5890: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5835: 5829: 5827: 5810: 5804: 5802: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5743: 5737: 5735: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5699: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5664: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5632: 5625: 5617: 5611: 5610: 5605:. Archived from 5595: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5564: 5558: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5528: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5497: 5486: 5480: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5450: 5444: 5435: 5429: 5423: 5414: 5408: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5378: 5369: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5339: 5328: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5298: 5292: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265:Bernese Oberland 5262: 5253: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5223: 5217: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5187: 5181: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5123: 5117: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5087: 5078: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5004: 4998: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4968: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4898: 4887: 4881: 4797:secondary sector 4705:, or temple, in 4660: 4628:Capital city of 4588: 4578: 4568: 4558: 4548: 4538: 3869:Green liberalism 3551:Social democracy 3438:FDP.The Liberals 3382: 3366:(14.9%) and the 2841:French Speaking 2838:German Speaking 2824: 2497: 2483: 2468:Conseil-éxecutif 2461: 2432: 2340: 2313:gondola cableway 2311:and the longest 2243:and the town of 2183: 2158:Bernese Oberland 2084:Bernese Oberland 1975:Act of Mediation 1922:Lemanic Republic 1916:Inspired by the 1729:Count of Gruyère 1717:Battle of Murten 1709:Charles the Bold 1595:Bernese Oberland 1401:Battle of Laupen 1306:Bern joined the 1153:Bernese Oberland 1149:High Middle Ages 1037:Moutier-Grandval 1033:Abbey of Luxeuil 997:Romance language 993:Treaty of Verdun 794:Greek characters 603:Early prehistory 587:Bern joined the 521:Bernese Oberland 404: 385: 382: 380: 173: 172: 170: 169: 168: 163: 159: 156: 155: 154: 151: 135: 110: 100: 86: 61: 53: 46: 38: 24: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7539: 7538: 7537: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7491: 7489: 7481: 7479: 7474: 7461: 7454: 7447: 7434: 7398:Public holidays 7297: 7278:Social security 7166: 7093: 7033: 6977:Law enforcement 6938:Federal Council 6877: 6858:Mountain passes 6801: 6627: 6588: 6579: 6511:Federal Charter 6506:Old Confederacy 6472: 6463: 6454: 6424: 6419: 6388: 6312: 6298:St. Gallen (SG) 6223:Frauenfeld (TG) 6203:Bellinzona (TI) 6171: 6132:St. Gallen (SG) 6030: 6029: 6022: 6013: 6004: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5949: 5944: 5943: 5933: 5931: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5892: 5891: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5825: 5823:Wayback Machine 5811: 5807: 5800: 5798:Wayback Machine 5789: 5785: 5778: 5776:Wayback Machine 5767: 5763: 5756: 5753:Wayback Machine 5744: 5740: 5733: 5731:Wayback Machine 5722: 5718: 5711: 5709:Wayback Machine 5700: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5666: 5665: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5597: 5596: 5592: 5584: 5580: 5574:Wayback Machine 5565: 5561: 5529: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5451: 5447: 5415: 5411: 5379: 5372: 5342:Saanen district 5340: 5331: 5299: 5295: 5263: 5256: 5224: 5220: 5190:Burgdorferkrieg 5188: 5184: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5088: 5081: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4969: 4948: 4938: 4936: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4873: 4860:Bieler Tagblatt 4831: 4809: 4801:tertiary sector 4758: 4675:Berner Oberland 4656: 4622: 4602: 4596: 4582: 4572: 4562: 4552: 4542: 4532: 4286:Christian right 3491:CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD 3380: 3348: 2822: 2820: 2814: 2752: 2746: 2628:Niedersimmental 2545:Bern-Mittelland 2526: 2512: 2493: 2479: 2457: 2428: 2413: 2249:Sherlock Holmes 2186:Berner Oberland 2179: 2176: 2160: 2128: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2049: 2037:Laufen District 2006: 2004:Jura separatism 2000: 1960:Canton of Léman 1945:canton of Léman 1914: 1896: 1881:peasant revolts 1857: 1851: 1748: 1741: 1705:Grandson Castle 1680:Burgundian Wars 1536: 1456:Burgdorferkrieg 1316: 1304: 1254: 1233:County of Savoy 1138:House of Kyburg 1069: 1055: 989:Carolingian era 950: 930:Herzogenbuchsee 898:passes opened. 872:Augusta Raurica 853:Central Plateau 839:in 58 BCE, the 829: 815: 772:La Tène culture 728:princely graves 700: 605: 585: 575:History of Bern 571: 418:canton de Berne 400: 377: 166: 164: 160: 157: 152: 149: 147: 145: 144: 138: 137: 136: 130: 128: 118: 117: 116: 115: 104: 103: 92: 91: 90: 89: 74: 65: 64: 55: 51:Canton de Berne 40: 29: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7546: 7544: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7513:Canton of Bern 7505: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7467: 7460: 7459: 7452: 7444: 7443: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 7407: 7406: 7405: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7307: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7110:Stock exchange 7107: 7102: 7097: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7072: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7029:Federal decree 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7010: 7009: 7004: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6910: 6905: 6899: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6823:Extreme points 6820: 6815: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6785:Municipalities 6782: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6637: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6623:Jura Mountains 6620: 6615: 6609: 6607: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6575:Historiography 6572: 6571: 6570: 6560: 6558:Modern history 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6538:Napoleonic era 6535: 6530: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6482: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6455: 6453: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6430: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6396: 6394: 6393:Lists by topic 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6288:Solothurn (SO) 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6263:Neuchâtel (NE) 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6193:Appenzell (AI) 6190: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6127:Solothurn (SO) 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6107:Nidwalden (NW) 6104: 6102:Neuchâtel (NE) 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6020: 6011: 6002: 5992: 5987: 5985: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5947:External links 5945: 5942: 5941: 5915: 5882: 5870: 5857:opendate.swiss 5844: 5830: 5805: 5783: 5761: 5738: 5716: 5685: 5644: 5612: 5590: 5578: 5559: 5551:in the online 5523: 5511: 5500:Chisholm, Hugh 5481: 5473:in the online 5445: 5437:in the online 5409: 5401:in the online 5370: 5362:in the online 5329: 5321:in the online 5293: 5285:in the online 5254: 5246:in the online 5218: 5210:in the online 5182: 5174:in the online 5146: 5139: 5118: 5110:in the online 5079: 5071:in the online 5043: 5036: 5018: 4999: 4991:in the online 4971:Canton of Bern 4946: 4919: 4888: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4850:Berner Zeitung 4847: 4842: 4837: 4830: 4827: 4822:Fachhochschule 4808: 4805: 4757: 4754: 4621: 4618: 4598:Main article: 4595: 4592: 4591: 4590: 4580: 4570: 4560: 4550: 4540: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4341: 4336: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4297: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4283: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4230: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4186: 4183: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4130:Green politics 4127: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4081: 4076: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3813: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3495: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3386: 3379: 3376: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2818: 2813: 2810: 2760:Bernese German 2745: 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In 1994 the 2033:canton of Jura 2026:canton of Vaud 1999: 1998:Modern history 1996: 1895: 1892: 1869:gnädige Herren 1850: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1839: 1832:Pays d'En-Haut 1828: 1822: 1816: 1797: 1787: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1765:Aarberg (1375) 1763: 1757: 1740: 1737: 1638:Barony of Vaud 1626:Lake Neuchâtel 1552:Old Zürich War 1535: 1532: 1488:Morat (Murten) 1453:(known as the 1432:Jura Mountains 1424:Jean de Vienne 1315: 1312: 1300:Main article: 1253: 1250: 1246:Forest Cantons 1054: 1051: 949: 946: 896:Pierre Pertuis 849:Jura Mountains 814: 811: 733:Grossaffoltern 712:Early Iron Age 699: 696: 677:Horgen culture 669:Twann-Tüscherz 604: 601: 570: 567: 505:Jura Mountains 448:, is also the 393:canton of Bern 387: 386: 375: 371: 370: 369:German, French 367: 363: 362: 359: 353: 352: 342: 336: 335: 333:Finsteraarhorn 329: 323: 322: 319: 313: 312: 309: 305: 304: 298: 294: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 268: 267: 264: 260: 259: 255: 254: 248: 241: 240: 234: 227: 226: 221: 214: 213: 209: 208: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 162:46.84°N 7.60°E 140: 139: 129: 126: 125: 123: 120: 119: 111: 105: 101: 95: 94: 93: 87: 81: 80: 79: 76: 75: 70: 67: 66: 63: 62: 47: 31: 30: 28:Canton of Bern 27: 20: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7545: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7498: 7488: 7484: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7300: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7173: 7163: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7075:Private banks 7073: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6967:Landsgemeinde 6965: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6918:Supreme Court 6916: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6618:Swiss Plateau 6616: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6591: 6586: 6576: 6573: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6548:Federal state 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6496:Early history 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6451: 6446: 6444: 6439: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6428: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6329:Basel (-1833) 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6248:Lausanne (VD) 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6228:Fribourg (FR) 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6218:Delémont (JU) 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6112:Obwalden (OW) 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6072:Fribourg (FR) 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6025: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6007:Eight Cantons 6003: 6000: 5999: 5998:Three Cantons 5994: 5993: 5990: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5971: 5969: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5946: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5916: 5900: 5896: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5874: 5871: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5824: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5809: 5806: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5787: 5784: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5765: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5742: 5739: 5732: 5728: 5725: 5720: 5717: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5629: 5622: 5616: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5568: 5563: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5527: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5512: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5460: 5454: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5381:Château-d'Oex 5377: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5239: 5233: 5227: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5186: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5150: 5147: 5142: 5140:1-85367-105-3 5136: 5132: 5128: 5127:Oman, Charles 5122: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5047: 5044: 5039: 5037:9781315425047 5033: 5029: 5022: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4934: 4930: 4923: 4920: 4907: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4855:Bernese March 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4780: 4775: 4766: 4762: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4601: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4160: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3362:(19.3%), the 3361: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3314: 3276: 3248: 3220: 3192: 3157: 3129: 3101: 3073: 3045: 3011: 2983: 2955: 2927: 2899: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2825: 2817: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732:with capital 2731: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2707:with capital 2706: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2696:Obersimmental 2693: 2690:with capital 2689: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2673:with capital 2672: 2669: 2667: 2666:La Neuveville 2663: 2659: 2655: 2652:with capital 2651: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2635:with capital 2634: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2618:with capital 2617: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2597:with capital 2596: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2580:with capital 2579: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2569:Schwarzenburg 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2549:Ostermundigen 2547:with capital 2546: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2532: 2525: 2516: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2464:Regierungsrat 2460: 2455: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439:Grand conseil 2436: 2431: 2426: 2417: 2410: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2229:Lauterbrunnen 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2168: 2167:Staubbachfall 2164: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2112:(Grosse) Emme 2107: 2106:Swiss Plateau 2101: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2005: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1980:ancien régime 1976: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1900: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1888:Abraham Davel 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1848: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1801:Lauterbrunnen 1798: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1733:Pays-d'Enhaut 1730: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:Pays-d'Enhaut 1685: 1681: 1672: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1575:Lauterbrunnen 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1496:Bienne (Biel) 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1466:In 1386, the 1464: 1462: 1461:Kyburgerkrieg 1458: 1457: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1434:. During the 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1373:Sense/Singine 1370: 1366: 1365:Gümmenenkrieg 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326:Laupen Castle 1324: 1321: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1303: 1294: 1286: 1278: 1270: 1263: 1258: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1214:imperial city 1211: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1189:St. Johannsen 1187:monastery at 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1161:Ministerialis 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1078: 1075:. Under King 1074: 1068: 1059: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 954: 947: 945: 943: 937: 935: 934:Roman mosaics 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 914:Oberwichtrach 910: 908: 904: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 828: 819: 812: 810: 808: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 778: 773: 769: 768:Late Iron Age 764: 762: 758: 752: 750: 749:La Neuveville 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 704: 697: 695: 693: 689: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 602: 600: 598: 594: 590: 584: 580: 576: 568: 566: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 530:, officially 529: 524: 522: 518: 514: 513:Swiss Plateau 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 457:ten districts 453: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 426:Chantun Berna 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 398: 394: 384: 376: 368: 360: 358: 351: 347: 343: 341: 334: 330: 328: 327:Highest point 320: 318: 317:ISO 3166 code 310: 302: 299: 286: 278: 265: 252: 249: 247: 244: • 238: 235: 233: 230: • 225: 222: 220: 217: • 207: 203: 200: 198: 191: 188: 180: 171: 143:Coordinates: 134: 114: 109: 99: 85: 73: 68: 59: 52: 48: 44: 37: 33: 32: 25: 19: 7403:National Day 7326:Coat of arms 7316:Architecture 7283:Swiss people 7273:Prostitution 7243:Homelessness 7213:Demographics 7198:Conscription 7135:Trade unions 7070:Central bank 6955:Human rights 6908:Constitution 6660: 6633:Subdivisions 6568:list of wars 6470:Major topics 6469: 6415:By elevation 6400:Legislatures 6343: 6258:Lucerne (LU) 6253:Liestal (BL) 6243:Herisau (AR) 6188:Altdorf (UR) 6137:Thurgau (TG) 6097:Lucerne (LU) 6087:Grisons (GR) 6066: 6014: 6005: 5996: 5932:. Retrieved 5918: 5906:. Retrieved 5899:the original 5873: 5861:. Retrieved 5856: 5847: 5833: 5814: 5808: 5786: 5764: 5741: 5719: 5676:. Retrieved 5672:the original 5635:. Retrieved 5628:the original 5615: 5607:the original 5602: 5593: 5581: 5562: 5552: 5530: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5503: 5495:"Bern" 5484: 5474: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5380: 5363: 5341: 5322: 5300: 5296: 5286: 5264: 5247: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5189: 5185: 5175: 5153: 5149: 5130: 5121: 5111: 5089: 5072: 5050: 5046: 5027: 5021: 5012: 5002: 4992: 4970: 4937:. Retrieved 4932: 4922: 4912:21 September 4910:. Retrieved 4906:bfs.admin.ch 4905: 4879: 4820: 4810: 4790: 4783: 4770: 4727: 4691: 4663:Landeskirche 4653:state church 4646: 4641:Nydeggkirche 4613: 4610:coat of arms 4603: 4594:Coat of arms 4583: 4573: 4563: 4553: 4543: 4533: 3922:Conservatism 3349: 2815: 2806:Swiss francs 2803: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2776: 2768:Bernese Jura 2764:Swiss German 2753: 2750:Bernese Jura 2744:Demographics 2650:Jura bernois 2611:Trachselwald 2535: 2529: 2527: 2490:Cour suprême 2477: 2451: 2447:Bernese Jura 2422: 2321: 2309:Jungfraujoch 2297: 2269:Oeschinensee 2241:Aareschlucht 2231:valley, and 2214: 2190:Bernese Alps 2177: 2129: 2109: 2088: 2076:Bernese Jura 2065: 2061:Bernese Alps 2030: 2014:Bernese Jura 2007: 1987: 1985: 1979: 1968: 1957: 1953: 1934: 1915: 1885: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1858: 1836:Château-d'Œx 1831: 1742: 1725: 1692:Aigle Castle 1677: 1664: 1654: 1648:, including 1624:and between 1619: 1564: 1558:and in 1641 1547: 1544:Talverbänden 1543: 1537: 1534:15th century 1524:Trachselwald 1465: 1460: 1454: 1444: 1413: 1406: 1377: 1338: 1317: 1314:14th century 1305: 1231:against the 1222: 1207: 1146: 1098: 1079:and his son 1070: 1005: 960:East of the 959: 938: 922:pars rustica 921: 917: 911: 907:Thielle/Zihl 900: 892:Mont Raimeux 857: 830: 797: 775: 765: 753: 727: 709: 662: 625:last ice age 606: 592: 586: 556: 525: 509:Bernese Jura 454: 449: 440:forming the 434:Canton Berna 396: 392: 390: 340:Lowest point 224:Evi Allemann 206:10 districts 199: 196:Subdivisions 102:Coat of arms 18: 7497:Switzerland 7376:Röstigraben 7253:Immigration 7060:Agriculture 6934:Government 6818:Earthquakes 6543:Restoration 6528:Reformation 6491:Enlargement 6457:Switzerland 6384:Waldstätten 6308:Zurich (ZH) 6278:Schwyz (SZ) 6268:Sarnen (OW) 6238:Glarus (GL) 6233:Geneva (GE) 6167:Zürich (ZH) 6152:Valais (VS) 6142:Ticino (TI) 6122:Schwyz (SZ) 6082:Glarus (GL) 6077:Geneva (GE) 6042:Aargau (AG) 5934:10 February 5863:12 November 5826:(in German) 5801:(in German) 5779:(in German) 5757:(in German) 5734:(in German) 5712:(in German) 5603:Kanton Bern 4935:(in German) 4786:Biel/Bienne 4667:Evangelical 3368:Green Party 2844:Protestant 2784:2014 census 2772:Biel/Bienne 2582:Biel/Bienne 2578:Biel/Bienne 2561:Konolfingen 2557:Fraubrunnen 2531:Amtsbezirke 2486:Obergericht 2435:Grosser Rat 2364:Schreckhorn 2233:Grindelwald 2018:Biel/Bienne 1646:John Calvin 1622:Lake Geneva 1599:Reformation 1591:Unterwalden 1583:Grindelwald 1579:Lake Brienz 1571:Grindelwald 1556:Reformation 1420:Biel/Bienne 1349:Thun Castle 1193:Augustinian 1185:Benedictine 1177:Rüeggisberg 1147:During the 1101:Rudolph III 1096:dynasties. 1088:during the 1053:Middle Ages 1042:Saint-Imier 982:Merovingian 978:Lake Brienz 942:Burgundians 918:pars urbana 851:and on the 835:victory at 710:During the 688:dugout boat 629:paleolithic 544:Biel/Bienne 455:Comprising 410:Kanton Bern 246:Legislative 181:Switzerland 167:46.84; 7.60 165: / 127:Map of Bern 36:Kanton Bern 7507:Categories 7383:Literature 7238:Healthcare 7223:Euthanasia 7203:Corruption 7115:Swiss made 7094:(currency) 6997:Parliament 6992:Neutrality 6613:Swiss Alps 6553:World wars 6516:Rütli Oath 6405:Executives 6352:Bellinzona 6293:Stans (NW) 6198:Basel (BS) 6183:Aarau (AG) 5908:15 January 5755:2003 data 5678:8 February 5090:von Kyburg 4817:university 4774:Emmentaler 4765:Emmentaler 4707:Langenthal 4683:Mennonites 2865:Non-Swiss 2748:See also: 2671:Oberaargau 2658:Courtelary 2654:Courtelary 2641:Interlaken 2637:Interlaken 2502:; French: 2488:, French: 2472:government 2411:Government 2400:Schilthorn 2388:Sustenhorn 2382:Blümlisalp 2376:Wetterhorn 2330:Wetterhorn 2317:Männlichen 2305:funiculars 2301:cable cars 2285:Zweisimmen 2265:Kandersteg 2217:Interlaken 2194:Urner Alps 2174:Swiss Alps 2172:See also: 2120:Emmentaler 2104:See also: 1834:including 1665:Böser Bund 1587:Wilderswil 1562:revolted. 1548:Böser Bund 1436:Gugler war 1345:fratricide 1341:Neu-Kyburg 1225:Oberwangen 1210:city right 1200:Cistercian 1081:Rudolph II 876:Rawil pass 864:Vindonissa 831:After the 796:that said 745:Langenthal 685:Bronze Age 633:mesolithic 573:See also: 548:Interlaken 438:26 cantons 271:Population 212:Government 7351:Languages 7218:Education 7140:Transport 7082:Companies 6925:Elections 6863:Mountains 6843:Hydrology 6780:Districts 6594:Geography 6501:Roman era 6346:(-1803): 6283:Sion (VS) 6213:Chur (GR) 6208:Bern (BE) 6157:Vaud (VD) 6092:Jura (JU) 6067:Bern (BE) 5928:Swissinfo 5129:(1991) . 4807:Education 4779:Mühleberg 4658:‹See Tfd› 4632:with the 4079:Communism 4028:Socialism 3975:Socialism 2847:Catholic 2756:bilingual 2679:Aarwangen 2645:Oberhasli 2495:‹See Tfd› 2481:‹See Tfd› 2470:) is the 2466:/French: 2459:‹See Tfd› 2437:/French: 2430:‹See Tfd› 2277:Simmental 2273:Adelboden 2267:with the 2245:Meiringen 2181:‹See Tfd› 2152:Chasseral 2140:Neuchâtel 2136:Lake Biel 2057:Chasseral 2047:Geography 2020:from the 1969:The 1801 1873:Landvögte 1760:Oberhasli 1701:bailiwick 1661:Simmental 1508:Simmental 1504:Unterseen 1492:Neuchâtel 1468:Austrians 1447:Solothurn 1397:Simmental 1392:Meiringen 1388:Oberhasli 1384:Unspunnen 1336:of Bern. 1334:bailiwick 1310:in 1353. 1248:in 1323. 1121:Zähringer 1077:Rudolph I 1024:Constance 974:Alamannic 868:Petinesca 860:Aventicum 845:foederati 833:Roman era 813:Roman era 807:Münsingen 681:sourdough 642:Lake Biel 638:neolithic 621:Erlenbach 609:Simmental 565:in 1353. 528:bilingual 489:Nidwalden 469:Neuchâtel 465:Solothurn 402:‹See Tfd› 366:Languages 279:1,043,132 232:Executive 219:President 113:Brandmark 7465:Category 7410:Religion 7346:Helvetia 7341:Folklore 7258:Pensions 7188:Abortion 7120:Taxation 6982:Military 6891:Politics 6838:Glaciers 6806:By topic 6486:Timeline 6461:articles 6372:Oberland 6356:Fricktal 6303:Zug (ZG) 6176:Capitals 6162:Zug (ZG) 6147:Uri (UR) 5819:Archived 5794:Archived 5772:Archived 5749:Archived 5727:Archived 5705:Archived 5570:Archived 5492:(1911). 4865:Der Bund 4829:See also 4742:Buddhist 4703:Gurdwara 4671:Emmental 4661:German: 4620:Religion 4181:Feminism 3393:Ideology 3346:Politics 2624:Frutigen 2620:Frutigen 2603:Burgdorf 2595:Emmental 2573:Seftigen 2498:German: 2484:German: 2462:German: 2433:German: 2394:Wildhorn 2352:Jungfrau 2239:are the 2237:Haslital 2210:Jungfrau 2184:German: 2116:Emmental 1949:Lausanne 1877:sheriffs 1794:Grandson 1775:Frutigen 1540:Bäuerten 1516:Frutigen 1369:Fribourg 1318:In 1310 1126:Burgdorf 1113:Henry IV 1090:Ottonian 1008:Lausanne 985:Frankish 966:Germanic 866:and the 841:Helvetii 798:Korisios 790:Melchnau 786:Iron Age 698:Iron Age 617:Boltigen 493:Obwalden 473:Fribourg 450:de facto 7449:Outline 7420:Symbols 7371:Romansh 7366:Italian 7331:Cuisine 7303:Culture 7288:Welfare 7268:Poverty 7263:Prisons 7176:Society 7130:Tourism 7065:Banking 7043:Economy 6848:Islands 6833:Forests 6813:Climate 6641:Cantons 6478:History 5637:6 March 5548:Italian 5502:(ed.). 5470:Italian 5434:Italian 5398:Italian 5359:Italian 5318:Italian 5282:Italian 5243:Italian 5207:Italian 5171:Italian 5107:Italian 5068:Italian 4988:Italian 4756:Economy 4750:atheist 4723:minaret 4719:Muslims 4643:on left 4608:of the 4332:FPS/PSL 4279:EDU/UDF 4123:GPS/PES 3915:BDP/PBD 3862:GLP/PVL 3809:CSP/PCS 3756:EVP/PEV 3650:LPS/PLS 3597:SVP/UDC 3350:In the 3319:957,197 3311:97,537 3308:860,655 3293:172,906 3290:691,812 3284:802,740 3281:958,192 3253:898,397 3225:901,706 3197:813,601 3174:122,971 3171:671,817 3168:120,566 3165:665,702 3162:801,943 3134:662,683 3106:623,665 3078:607,107 3050:578,381 3025:506,699 3019:483,388 3016:589,433 2988:476,564 2960:471,991 2932:444,430 2904:413,887 2880:403,768 2873:458,301 2853:Jewish 2780:Romansh 2713:Aarberg 2709:Aarberg 2705:Seeland 2662:Moutier 2227:in the 2132:Seeland 1990:of the 1844:(1729). 1657:Gruyère 1607:bailiff 1528:Huttwil 1522:, 1408 1518:, 1407 1514:, 1400 1484:Seeland 1476:Sempach 1409:Aarberg 1323:pledged 1170:Cluniac 880:Grimsel 802:oppidum 770:of the 761:lignite 741:Bannwil 613:Oberwil 595:of the 569:History 511:), the 497:Lucerne 430:Italian 422:Romansh 374:Website 186:Capital 178:Country 150:46°50′N 7483:Portal 7470:Portal 7361:French 7356:German 7321:Cinema 7311:Anthem 7233:Health 7092:Franc 7087:Energy 7024:Voting 6913:Courts 6873:Rivers 6521:Growth 6459: 6380:Säntis 6376:Raetia 6368:Lugano 5542:French 5536:German 5464:French 5458:German 5428:French 5422:German 5392:French 5386:German 5353:French 5347:German 5312:French 5306:German 5276:French 5270:German 5237:French 5231:German 5201:French 5195:German 5165:French 5159:German 5137: 5101:French 5095:German 5062:French 5056:German 5051:Laupen 5034: 4982:French 4976:German 4939:1 July 4767:cheese 4717:) and 4638:Gothic 4606:blazon 4434:Other 3305:41,350 3296:53,880 3287:74,338 3028:80,489 3022:97,789 2883:54,045 2862:Swiss 2850:Other 2721:Erlach 2700:Saanen 2692:Saanen 2683:Wangen 2607:Signau 2565:Laupen 2336:, 1824 2293:Saanen 2289:Gstaad 2225:Wengen 2221:Mürren 2208:, and 2144:Murten 2142:, and 2082:. The 1838:(1555) 1825:Saanen 1821:(1536) 1805:Brienz 1796:(1475) 1783:(1415) 1781:Aargau 1762:(1334) 1756:(1324) 1754:Laupen 1684:Saanen 1603:canons 1520:Wangen 1512:Signau 1500:Aargau 1470:under 1426:, the 1380:Wimmis 1330:Laupen 1264:(1387) 1173:Priory 1165:feudal 1130:Murten 1094:Salian 1029:Alsace 926:Toffen 888:Susten 884:Brünig 782:Studen 777:oppida 724:hydria 581:, and 552:Gstaad 536:French 534:- and 532:German 501:Aargau 481:Valais 475:, and 414:French 406:German 357:Joined 153:7°36′E 72:Canton 58:French 54: 43:German 39: 7456:Index 7415:Sport 7393:Music 7388:Media 7293:Women 7208:Crime 6868:Parks 6853:Lakes 6828:Fauna 6364:Linth 6360:Léman 6348:Baden 5631:(PDF) 5624:(PDF) 5498:. 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