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167:), or Gothardt. Grünewald seems to have left Isenheim in a hurry, returning to Frankfurt, and his subsequent poverty suggests he was not fully paid for the altarpiece. In 1527 he entered the services of the wealthy and noble von Erbach family, apparently with a child (whether his own or adopted, is unclear). He most probably died in 1532, although sources vary.
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There has been considerable uncertainty about the details of his life. In 1938 Walter Karl Zülch published the theory that Grünewald and his partner
Nithart/Gothardt were the same person; this Nithart/Gothardt was a painter, engineer, and "water artist" born in Würzburg in the 1460s or maybe 1470s
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is one of the few contemporary writers to refer to Grünewald, who is rather puzzlingly described as "moderate" in style, when compared with Dürer and
Cranach; what paintings this judgement is based on is uncertain. By the end of the century, when the
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He was recognised in his own lifetime, as shown by his commissions, yet the details of his life are unusually unclear for a painter of his significance at this date. The first source to sketch his biography comes from the German art historian
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121:. This is the sort of work typically performed by apprentices and therefore an estimate of his age can be reached, suggesting he was born in 1475. Sandrart records that Grünewald had as an apprentice the painter
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survive. The visionary character of his work, with its expressive colour and line, is in stark contrast to Dürer's works. His paintings are known for their dramatic forms, vivid colors, and depiction of light.
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In the late 19th century he was rediscovered, and became something of a cult figure, with the angst-laden expressionism—and absence of any direct classicism—of the
Isenheim Altarpiece appealing to both German
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and probably dying in 1528. This theory is now generally discredited, although more recent historians believe
Nithart/Gothardt may have pretended to be Grünewald for business reasons.
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From 1512 to 1514 or 1515 he worked on the
Isenheim altarpiece, apparently in partnership with another Mathis, variously surnamed Nithart, Neithart, von Würzburg (after his
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probably dates from 1521 to 1524, and was apparently part of a larger altarpiece project, the rest of which has not survived. Other works are in Munich, Karlsruhe,
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to communicate an intensely apocalyptic vision of a world that has abandoned nature. The
Isenheim Altarpiece also features in the last chapter of Sebald's novel
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in
Frankfurt. Dürer's work was destroyed by fire and survives only in copies, but the wings have survived, one pair of saints being displayed in
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on their way to Sweden as war booty. He was obscure until the late nineteenth century, when many of his paintings were attributed to
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4th edition. Volume 7, Verlag des
Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig/Vienna 1885–1892, p. 875.
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More recent investigations have provided further information on Grünewald's life. In 1511 he became court artist of
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In Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online, (accessed
January 30, 2012; subscription required).
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Only religious works are included in his small surviving corpus, the most famous being the
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Bautz, Friedrich
Wilhelm (1990). "Matthias Grünewald". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.).
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to continue the style of late medieval Central European art into the 16th century.
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are displayed. The third view discloses a carved and gilded wood altarpiece by
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The Trees of the Cross: Wood as Subject and Medium in Late Medieval Germany
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The temptation of Paul Hindemith: Mathis der Maler as a spiritual testimony
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The temptation of Paul Hindemith: Mathis der Maler as a spiritual testimony
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The temptation of Paul Hindemith: Mathis der Maler as a spiritual testimony
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The temptation of Paul Hindemith: Mathis der Maler as a spiritual testimony
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promoted his art enthusiastically in both novels and journalism, rather as
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surrounded by reproductions of the Isenheim altarpiece stuck to the wall.
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956:(in German), vol. 10, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 52–53
938:(in German), vol. 7, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 191–197
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where records indicate he bought a house and married Anna, a converted
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showing the entombment. When the first set of wings is opened, the
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His other works are in Germany, except for a small Crucifixion in
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682:"Grünewald, Matthias (Mathis Gothart Nithart) | Encyclopedia.com"
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traces the life story of Grünewald in his first literary work,
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125:, who became famous in his time, but most of whose works were
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Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
750:, TA 1675, II, Buch 3 (niederl. u. dt. Künstler), S. 237"
724:, TA 1675, II, Buch 3 (niederl. u. dt. Künstler), S. 231"
890:(in German). Vol. 2. Hamm: Bautz. cols. 367–369.
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People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
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Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL)
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58:painter of religious works who ignored Renaissance
36:. This work was long thought to be a self-portrait.
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979:. Vol. XI (9th ed.). 1880. p. 225.
475:He is commemorated as an artist and saint by the
318:Establishment of the Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome
316:in the Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, and the
19:"Grünewald" redirects here. For other uses, see
910:. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 78–129.
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369:Grünewald in a 19th-century depiction on the
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479:on April 6, along with Dürer and Cranach.
915:Northern Painting from Pucelle to Bruegel
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16:German Renaissance painter (c.1470-1528)
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65:Only ten paintings—including several
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1107:The Miracle of Our Lady of the Snows
998:Grünewald Gallery at MuseumSyndicate
516:The Miracle of Our Lady of the Snows
434:on the life of Grünewald during the
917:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
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991:Paintings by Matthias Grünewald
197:painting based on this drawing.
953:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
395:Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolph II
242:(sometimes interpreted as the
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1123:Tauberbischofsheim Altarpiece
1014:Matthias Grünewald. paintings
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559:Tauberbischofsheim altarpiece
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314:Tauberbischofsheim altarpiece
207:, completed 1515, now in the
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1221:16th-century German painters
1211:15th-century German painters
1010:W. G. Sebald about Grünewald
867:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
820:. Pendragon: 1998. pp. 34–35
807:. Pendragon: 1998. pp. 29–31
794:. Pendragon: 1998. pp. 28–29
708:. Pendragon: 1998. pp. 25–27
377:(1824), now in front of the
1206:German Renaissance painters
1003:Grünewald paintings at CGFA
913:Cuttler, Charles D. (1968)
832:"Curiosity and Catastrophe"
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1147:Symphony: Mathis der Maler
830:Eva Hoffman (2002-09-22).
312:. There are also the late
21:Grünewald (disambiguation)
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970:"Mathias Grunewald"
928:Ladendorf, Heinz (1966),
264:Temptation of St. Anthony
1021:Web app Isenheimer Altar
935:Neue Deutsche Biographie
555:Christ Bearing the Cross
976:Encyclopædia Britannica
904:Bryda, Gregory. (2023)
874:Andersson, Christiane.
621:National Gallery of Art
1226:German Roman Catholics
1201:Painters from Würzburg
876:"Grünewald, Matthias."
744:Joachim von Sandrart.
718:Joachim von Sandrart.
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52:Mathis Gothart Nithart
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1071:The Mocking of Christ
993:at Wikimedia Commons
930:"Grünewald, Matthias"
533:The Mocking of Christ
428:based his 1938 opera
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310:Staatliche Kunsthalle
302:Municipal Art Gallery
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146:Albert of Brandenburg
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1216:German male painters
771:"Matthias Grünewald"
686:www.encyclopedia.com
563:Kunsthalle Karlsruhe
436:German Peasants' War
375:Ferdinand von Miller
191:J. Paul Getty Museum
111:Joachim von Sandrart
97:Second state of the
1091:Isenheim Altarpiece
860:Grünewald, Matthias
461:Isenheim Altarpiece
411:Joris-Karl Huysmans
390:Philipp Melanchthon
328:. A large panel of
269:Anthony's visit to
251:Mary bathing Christ
209:Musée d'Unterlinden
204:Isenheim Altarpiece
142:Archbishop of Mainz
138:Uriel von Gemmingen
99:Isenheim Altarpiece
79:Isenheim Altarpiece
33:John the Evangelist
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259:Nikolaus Hagenauer
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183:Sketch for a lost
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103:Unterlinden Museum
56:German Renaissance
41:Matthias Grünewald
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602:Kunstmuseum Basel
322:Augustiner Museum
304:and the other in
295:Heller Altarpiece
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1074:(1503–1505)
1008:wgsebald.de
617:Crucifixion
598:Crucifixion
579:Crucifixion
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519:, 1517-1519
388:theologian
299:Frankfurt's
220:altarpieces
71:lost at sea
48: 1470
1180:Categories
853:References
841:2012-11-28
756:2012-11-28
730:2012-11-28
691:2024-07-22
471:Veneration
446:Auto-da-Fé
407:Modernists
361:Reputation
279:Washington
271:Saint Paul
101:, Colmar,
67:polyptychs
60:classicism
1063:Paintings
946:(1879), "
306:Karlsruhe
287:grisaille
244:Birth of
230:, with a
150:Frankfurt
119:Frankfurt
386:Lutheran
346:Stuppach
326:Freiburg
246:Ecclesia
232:predella
217:triptych
81:created
54:) was a
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776:22 July
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129:in the
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577:Large
415:Proust
338:Munich
253:, and
213:Colmar
195:forged
668:Notes
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778:2022
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267:and
226:and
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