476:
40:
321:
Al-Nadim includes an extract from Abū Maʿshar's book on the variations of astronomical tables, which describes how the
Persian kings gathered the best writing materials in the world to preserve their books on the sciences and deposited them in the Sarwayh fortress in the city of Jayy in
289:
Khurasani intellectual elite, and he defended an approach of a “most astonishing and inconsistent” eclecticism. His reputation saved him from religious persecution, although there is a report of one incident where he was whipped for his practice of astrology under the caliphate of
742:
We can single out for brief consideration only two of the many
Persians whose contributions were of great importance in the development of Islamic sciences in those days. Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (d. 272/886), who came from eastern Iran, was a rather famous astrologer and
311:–873), the foremost Arab philosopher of his time, who was versed in Aristotelism and Neoplatonism. It was his confrontation with al-Kindi that convinced Abū Maʿshar of the need to study “mathematics” in order to understand philosophical arguments.
229:
court in
Baghdad. While he was not a major innovator, his practical manuals for training astrologers profoundly influenced Muslim intellectual history and, through translations, that of western Europe and Byzantium.
635:), and in his introduction he mentions the astrological treatise on the horoscopes of men and women from the Kitab al-mawalid of Abu Ma'shar which is included in his book. This compilation was probably bound in
3193:
1134:
370:, an introduction to astrology which received many translations to Latin and Greek starting from the 11th-century. It had significant influence on Western philosophers, like
3183:
1468:
1286:
3178:
1195:
1062:
363:
His works on astronomy are not extant, but information can still be gleaned from summaries found in the works of later astronomers or from his astrology works.
3188:
2532:
1261:
2412:
1127:
300:, and according to biographical tradition, he only turned to astrology at the age of forty-seven (832/3). He became involved in a bitter dispute with
3163:
2406:
2185:
2036:
1143:
20:
699:...prolific writer Abu Ma'shar Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn 'Umar al-Balkhi, who was born in Khurasan in 787 A.D. and died in Wasit in Iraq in 886...
1940:
355:, studying Sassanid-era astrology in his "Kitab al-Qeranat" to predict the imminent collapse of Arab rule and the restoration of Iranian rule.
254:, remained culturally dedicated to its Sassanian and Hellenistic heritage. He probably came to Baghdad in the early years of the caliphate of
3158:
1961:
1711:
1030:
735:
588:
475:
1120:
1782:
1665:
771:
The introduction of
Aristotelian material was accompanied by the translation of major astrological texts, particularly Claudius Ptolemy's
2486:
1610:
1848:
994:
972:
Abu Ma'shar and Latin
Aristotelianism in the Twelfth Century, The Recovery of Aristotle's Natural Philosophy through Iranian Astrology
583:, The Arabic Original and English Translation. Edited and translated by Keiji Yamamoto, Charles Burnett, Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2019.
1007:
812:
764:
3168:
3117:
2525:
1812:
1802:
516:
in 1140. Lemay (1962) argued that the writings of
Albumasar were very likely the single most important original source for the
2823:
1670:
1605:
831:
1625:
1210:
3153:
2636:
1721:
1200:
1071:
1746:
3042:
2964:
1838:
2848:
2518:
2401:
2280:
2154:
2939:
2843:
1387:
1276:
3148:
2743:
2606:
1655:
1645:
1266:
1156:
999:
606:
438:
to examine months and days of the year. It was a manual for astrologers. It was translated in the 12th century by
3037:
2893:
2748:
1922:
1726:
1503:
286:
180:
691:
The
Arrival of the Pagan Philosophers in the North:A Twelfth Century Florilegium in Edinburgh University Library
2798:
2728:
1736:
1630:
1271:
459:
2571:
1508:
314:
His foretelling of an event that subsequently occurred earned him a lashing ordered by the displeased Caliph
3112:
2738:
2616:
2566:
2455:
1741:
1690:
1352:
1342:
1281:
251:
3173:
2853:
2753:
2723:
2702:
2677:
2159:
2119:
1933:
1874:
1833:
1660:
1640:
1559:
1437:
390:("Book on religions and dynasties"), probably his most important work, commented on in the major works of
2808:
2651:
2426:
2220:
2134:
1807:
1620:
1589:
1534:
1322:
896:
881:, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, vol. 2, pp. 576–578, 626, 654, 656–658 & 660.
517:
3032:
2888:
2883:
2868:
2863:
2803:
2788:
2641:
2445:
2419:
2260:
2230:
1635:
1615:
1306:
1205:
1190:
1106:
399:
163:
3143:
3138:
2778:
2626:
2386:
2225:
2205:
2139:
2124:
1995:
1954:
1675:
1650:
1337:
1301:
1256:
513:
39:
2783:
2576:
2450:
2391:
2069:
1879:
1432:
1226:
1056:
250:
in the early 8th century. Its population, as was generally the case in the frontier areas of the
247:
117:
3072:
3057:
2021:
1680:
332:
mentions that Abū Maʿshar came to
Benaras (Varanasi) and studied astronomy there for ten years.
3087:
3062:
2959:
2692:
2481:
2476:
2350:
2210:
1869:
1751:
1685:
1397:
1026:
1003:
808:
804:
760:
731:
601:
584:
508:
395:
222:
159:
122:
78:
1772:
3107:
3102:
2974:
2611:
2542:
2491:
2460:
2335:
2325:
2255:
2114:
2074:
2059:
1982:
1947:
1927:
1792:
1777:
1498:
1347:
1236:
796:
458:("Book of nativities of men and women"), which was widely circulated in the Islamic world.
452:"). translated into Greek in 1000, and from that translation into Latin in the 13th century.
371:
340:
243:
60:
783:(1140), the major introduction to astrology composed by the Persian astrologer Abu Ma'shar.
2758:
2396:
2330:
2094:
2049:
1579:
1453:
1422:
1357:
1185:
1112:
920:
626:
577:, ed. Ch. Burnett, K. Yamamoto, M. Yano, Leiden-New York, 1994 (Arabic & Latin text).
528:
498:
463:
449:
439:
381:
151:
1412:
1372:
799:
Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures
255:
44:
Page of a 15th-century manuscript of the "Book of nativities" (BNF Arabe 2583 fol. 15v).
1038:
1018:
892:"Introduction to Astronomy, Containing the Eight Divided Books of Abu Ma'shar Abalachus"
3092:
3082:
2989:
2923:
2913:
2838:
2818:
2707:
2240:
2215:
2001:
1864:
1518:
1493:
1478:
1463:
1427:
1296:
1101:
532:
315:
291:
989:
571:, ed. R. Lemay, Napoli, 1995–1996, 9 vols. (Arabic text & two Latin translations).
3132:
3097:
3067:
2994:
2697:
2360:
2270:
2144:
2014:
2007:
1706:
1574:
1549:
1488:
797:
640:
352:
326:. The depository continued to exist at the time al-Nadim wrote in the 10th century.
74:
2999:
2949:
2908:
2646:
2631:
2190:
2084:
1797:
1731:
1584:
1327:
1291:
329:
2873:
285:
Abū Maʿshar was a member of the third generation (after the Arab
Conquest) of the
549:, ed. K. Yamamoto, Ch. Burnett, Leiden, 2000, 2 vols. (Arabic & Latin text).
3077:
2918:
2903:
2898:
2878:
2858:
2596:
2581:
2556:
2365:
2355:
2320:
2129:
2109:
1988:
1828:
1564:
1513:
1473:
1241:
391:
344:
336:
155:
19:
This article is about the astrologer. For the historian and hadith scholar, see
3047:
2954:
2828:
2813:
2793:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2733:
2672:
2621:
2586:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2195:
2175:
2099:
1767:
1716:
1554:
1544:
1382:
1377:
1362:
265:
215:
625:
In 1390 ʻAbd al-Ḥasan Iṣfāhānī compiled a miscellany of treatises called the
2833:
2687:
2601:
2345:
2285:
2064:
1843:
1787:
1458:
1392:
1367:
1251:
1085:
435:
137:
133:
98:
2979:
2682:
2656:
2591:
2370:
2340:
2305:
2295:
2235:
2054:
1569:
1539:
1483:
1417:
1407:
1332:
1246:
421:
301:
259:
219:
147:
697:, ed. Joseph Canning, Edmund J. King, Martial Staub, (Brill, 2011), 83;"
520:
for medieval
European scholars prior to the middle of the 12th century.
3052:
2275:
2265:
2200:
2149:
2089:
2079:
2044:
1402:
636:
348:
323:
271:
226:
102:
868:, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, vol. 2, p. 656.
3004:
2969:
2944:
2510:
2250:
2245:
536:
296:
279:
1046:
891:
3014:
2315:
2180:
2104:
879:
The Fihrist of al-Nadīm: A Tenth-Century Survey of Islamic Culture
866:
The Fihrist of al-Nadīm: A Tenth-Century Survey of Islamic Culture
278:, the northeast gate of the original city on the west Bank of the
239:
56:
462:
copied excerpts into the 14th century illustrated manuscript the
380:, an abridged version of the above, later translated to Latin by
3009:
2984:
1073:
The 'Book of Surprises' (Kitab al-bulhan)of the Bodleian Library
1048:
Music Symbolism in Medieval and Renaissance Astrological Imagery
2514:
1900:
1154:
1116:
1973:
1051:. PhD diss., City University of New York, The Graduate Center.
479:
Page spread from the 1515 Venetian edition of Abu Ma'shar's
414:("Book of the indications of the planetary conjunctions"),
335:
Abū Maʿshar is said to have died at the age of 98 (but a
412:
Kitāb al-dalālāt ʿalā al-ittiṣālāt wa-qirānāt al-kawākib
730:(Repr. ed.). London: Cambridge U.P. p. 584.
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
420:("Book of thousands"), preserved only in summaries by
1019:"Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhi"
709:
707:
3023:
2932:
2716:
2665:
2549:
2469:
2438:
2379:
2168:
2035:
1971:
1911:
1857:
1821:
1760:
1699:
1598:
1527:
1446:
1315:
1219:
1178:
201:
Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhī
143:
129:
113:
108:
94:
89:
67:
49:
30:
695:Knowledge, Discipline and Power in the Middle Ages
406:Fī dhikr ma tadullu ʿalayhi al-ashkhāṣ al-ʿulwiyya
959:Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe
408:("On the indications of the celestial objects"),
318:. "I hit the mark and I was severely punished."
535:of Augsburg in 1488/9. It was again printed in
347:in eastern Iraq, during the last two nights of
225:, thought to be the greatest astrologer of the
3194:9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
2526:
1128:
555:, ed. D. Pingree, Leipzig, 1968 (Greek text).
505:, and again, less literally and abridged, as
270:(10th century), he lived on the West Side of
8:
1087:Kitab al-Bulhan, MS. Bodl. Or. 133, fol. 34r
1023:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
990:"Abū Ma'shar al-Balkhī, Ja'far ibn Muḥammad"
630:
351:of AH 272 (9 March 866). Abū Maʿshar was a
263:
204:
832:"Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi"
591:://youtu.be/uX_jcHISOCE?si=1ZMKjTy2Yu5sZ5C5
2533:
2519:
2511:
1915:
1908:
1897:
1164:
1151:
1135:
1121:
1113:
1061:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
961:, (Cambridge University Press, 2000), 189.
819:Since he was of Persian (Afghan) origin...
448:("Book of the revolutions of the years of
246:, one of the main bases of support of the
27:
3184:Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
1090:. Bodleian Library: University of Oxford.
1021:. In Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.).
757:Biographical encyclopedia of astronomers
678:
565:(Tempe, Az.: A.F.A., Inc., 2008): 13–66.
474:
1144:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
728:The Cambridge history of Iran, Volume 4
713:
656:
618:
3179:Astronomers from the Abbasid Caliphate
1941:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
1287:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
1054:
1962:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
803:. Berlin New York: Springer. p.
497:) was first translated into Latin by
7:
921:"ABŪ MAʿŠAR – Encyclopaedia Iranica"
21:Abu Ma'shar Najih al-Sindi al-Madani
3189:9th-century Arabic-language writers
945:
631:
581:The Great Introduction to Astrology
523:Herman of Carinthia's translation,
206:أبو معشر جعفر بن محمد بن عمر البلخي
205:
1025:. New York: Springer. p. 11.
995:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
759:. New York: Springer. p. 91.
456:Kitāb mawālīd al-rijāl wa-ʾl-nisāʾ
294:(r. 862–866). He was a scholar of
16:Persian astrologer and philosopher
14:
38:
3164:9th-century Iranian astronomers
1666:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
2155:Schema for horizontal sundials
1671:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
1196:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1:
775:(1138), the pseudo-Ptolemaic
561:ed. James Herschel Holden in
553:De revolutionibus nativitatum
503:Introductorium in Astronomiam
491:
446:Kitāb taḥāwil sinī al-mawālīd
305:
3159:Medieval Iranian astrologers
2413:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
1045:Blažeković, Zdravko (1997).
486:Albumasar's "Introduction" (
471:Latin and Greek translations
238:Abū Maʿshar was a native of
2402:University of al-Qarawiyyin
1606:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
428:Kitāb taḥāwīl sinī al-ʿālam
264:
258:(r. 813–833). According to
212:10 August 787 – 9 March 886
3210:
1646:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
607:List of Iranian scientists
388:Kitāb al-milal wa-ʾl-duwal
378:Kitāb mukhtaṣar al-madkhal
18:
2487:Medieval European science
1918:
1907:
1896:
1747:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
1504:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
1167:
1163:
1150:
998:. Vol. 1. New York:
563:Five Medieval Astrologers
547:De magnis coniunctionibus
525:De magnis coniunctionibus
488:Kitāb al-mudkhal al-kabīr
481:De Magnis Coniunctionibus
368:Kitāb al-madkhal al-kabīr
211:
203:
170:
85:
37:
1737:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
1631:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
1272:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
1084:Isfahani (al-) (1931) .
1017:Yamamoto, Keiji (2007).
726:Frye, R.N., ed. (1975).
3169:9th-century astrologers
3113:Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk
3093:Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani
1839:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
1813:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
1691:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
1611:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
1000:Charles Scribner's Sons
988:Pingree, David (1970).
795:Selin, Helaine (2008).
755:Hockey, Thomas (2014).
252:Arab conquest of Persia
218:171–272), was an early
3043:Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah
3038:Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini
2724:Abu Dawud al-Sijistani
2120:Navigational astrolabe
1875:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
1641:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1560:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
1509:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
1438:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
957:Stephen C. McCluskey,
927:. Encyclopedia Iranica
641:Jalayirid Sultan Ahmad
589:978-90-04-38123-0https
509:magnis coniunctionibus
483:
460:ʻAbd al-Ḥasan Iṣfāhānī
432:Flowers of Abu Ma'shar
2940:Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr
2824:Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi
2652:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
2562:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
2456:Hellenistic astronomy
2427:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
2221:Deferent and epicycle
1621:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
1590:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
1232:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
1102:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
925:www.iranicaonline.org
897:World Digital Library
836:TheFreeDictionary.com
518:recovery of Aristotle
478:
177:Abu Ma‘shar al-Balkhi
71:9 March 886 (aged 98)
32:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
3154:Astrological writers
3048:Abu Muslim Khorasani
2754:Abu Qasim Samarqandi
2744:Abu Layth Samarqandi
2642:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
2617:Abu Ja'far al-Khazin
2446:Babylonian astronomy
2261:Gravitational energy
1636:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
1626:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
1307:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
1206:Mashallah ibn Athari
1191:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
1107:Encyclopedia Iranica
781:Maius Introductorium
639:during the reign of
569:Introductorium maius
539:, in 1506 and 1515.
400:Pico della Mirandola
164:Pico della Mirandola
2387:Al-Azhar University
2206:Celestial mechanics
1996:Book of Fixed Stars
1955:The Book of Healing
1934:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
1676:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
1651:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1262:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
1257:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
693:, Charles Burnett,
514:Herman of Carinthia
353:Persian nationalist
90:Academic background
3033:Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi
2914:Tha'labi Nishapuri
2729:Abu Barakat Nasafi
2557:Abu Hatam Isfizari
2451:Egyptian astronomy
2392:House of Knowledge
2070:Astronomical clock
1880:Muhammad al-Rudani
1277:Banū Mūsā brothers
1227:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
1070:Carboni, Stefano,
1002:. pp. 32–39.
484:
341:Islamic year count
118:Islamic Golden Age
3149:People from Balkh
3126:
3125:
3088:Khalid ibn Barmak
3063:Ata-Malik Juvayni
3026:political figures
2933:Poets and artists
2789:Fatima Samarqandi
2693:Haji Bektash Veli
2572:Abu Ubayd Juzjani
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2482:Chinese astronomy
2477:Byzantine science
2351:Temporal finitism
2281:Islamic cosmology
2211:Celestial spheres
2031:
2030:
1923:Arabic star names
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1752:Fathullah Shirazi
1686:Al-Ashraf Umar II
1398:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
1201:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1032:978-0-387-31022-0
737:978-0-521-20093-6
602:Islamic astrology
542:Modern editions:
339:according to the
223:Muslim astrologer
174:
173:
79:Abbasid Caliphate
3201:
3118:Shihab al-Nasawi
3103:Tahir ibn Husayn
2975:Farrukhi Sistani
2950:Aruzi Samarqandi
2749:Abu Mu'in Nasafi
2717:Islamic scholars
2535:
2528:
2521:
2512:
2492:Indian astronomy
2461:Indian astronomy
2429:
2422:
2415:
2336:Sublunary sphere
2326:Specific gravity
2226:Earth's rotation
2115:Mural instrument
2060:Armillary sphere
1983:Alfonsine tables
1948:Tabula Rogeriana
1928:Islamic calendar
1916:
1909:
1898:
1793:Sibt al-Maridini
1778:Jamshid al-Kashi
1499:Said al-Andalusi
1302:Thābit ibn Qurra
1237:Abu Said Gorgani
1211:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
1165:
1152:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1091:
1080:
1078:
1066:
1060:
1052:
1036:
1013:
975:
968:
962:
955:
949:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
888:
882:
875:
869:
862:
856:
853:
847:
846:
844:
842:
828:
822:
821:
802:
792:
786:
785:
779:(1136), and the
752:
746:
745:
723:
717:
711:
702:
688:
682:
676:
644:
634:
633:
623:
496:
493:
372:Albert the Great
310:
307:
287:Pahlavi-oriented
269:
213:
209:
208:
207:
42:
28:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3073:Abu Ali Bal'ami
3058:Ali-Shir Nava'i
3025:
3019:
2960:Attar Nishapuri
2928:
2809:Hakim Nishapuri
2739:Abu Hafs Nasafi
2712:
2661:
2577:Abu Zayd Balkhi
2545:
2539:
2509:
2496:
2465:
2434:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2397:House of Wisdom
2375:
2331:Spherical Earth
2164:
2095:Equatorial ring
2075:Celestial globe
2050:Analog computer
2027:
2022:Sullam al-sama'
1967:
1903:
1884:
1853:
1817:
1756:
1695:
1594:
1580:Jabir ibn Aflah
1523:
1454:Abu Nasr Mansur
1442:
1423:Abolfadl Harawi
1358:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
1311:
1215:
1186:Ahmad Nahavandi
1174:
1159:
1146:
1141:
1098:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1053:
1044:
1033:
1016:
1010:
987:
984:
979:
978:
970:Richard Lemay,
969:
965:
956:
952:
944:
940:
930:
928:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
890:
889:
885:
876:
872:
863:
859:
855:Pingree (2008).
854:
850:
840:
838:
830:
829:
825:
815:
794:
793:
789:
767:
754:
753:
749:
738:
725:
724:
720:
712:
705:
689:
685:
677:
658:
653:
648:
647:
627:Kitab al-Bulhan
624:
620:
615:
598:
499:John of Seville
494:
473:
464:Kitab al-Bulhan
440:John of Seville
382:Adelard of Bath
361:
308:
236:
152:Albertus Magnus
120:
81:
72:
63:
54:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3207:
3205:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3083:Ibn Khordadbeh
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3024:Historians and
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Hakim Tirmidhi
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2241:Elliptic orbit
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Circular orbit
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2002:Toledan Tables
1999:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Yang Guangxian
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1519:Ali ibn Khalaf
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:Kushyar Gilani
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Ali ibn Ridwan
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:Haseb-i Tabari
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Sahl ibn Bishr
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1097:
1096:External links
1094:
1093:
1092:
1081:
1067:
1042:
1031:
1014:
1008:
983:
980:
977:
976:
963:
950:
938:
911:
883:
877:Bayard Dodge,
870:
864:Bayard Dodge,
857:
848:
823:
813:
787:
765:
747:
736:
718:
703:
683:
655:
654:
652:
649:
646:
645:
617:
616:
614:
611:
610:
609:
604:
597:
594:
593:
592:
578:
572:
566:
556:
550:
533:Erhard Ratdolt
472:
469:
468:
467:
453:
443:
425:
415:
409:
403:
396:Pierre d'Ailly
385:
375:
360:
357:
248:Abbasid revolt
235:
232:
172:
171:
168:
167:
160:Pierre d'Ailly
145:
141:
140:
131:
130:Main interests
127:
126:
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
73:
69:
65:
64:
55:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3206:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Yahya Barmaki
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Nizam al-Mulk
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Nasir Khusraw
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Mulla al-Qari
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Nasir Khusraw
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:Hasib Marwazi
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:Observatories
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:Triangulation
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:Heliocentrism
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Shadow square
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2015:Zij-i Sultani
2012:
2010:
2009:
2008:Zij-i Ilkhani
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:Kadızade Rumi
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:Ibn al-Shatir
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Ibn al-Kammad
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Ibn al-Saffar
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1009:0-684-10114-9
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
986:
985:
981:
973:
967:
964:
960:
954:
951:
947:
942:
939:
926:
922:
915:
912:
899:
898:
893:
887:
884:
880:
874:
871:
867:
861:
858:
852:
849:
837:
833:
827:
824:
820:
816:
814:9781402049606
810:
806:
801:
800:
791:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
768:
766:9781441999184
762:
758:
751:
748:
744:
739:
733:
729:
722:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
684:
680:
679:Yamamoto 2007
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
657:
650:
642:
638:
628:
622:
619:
612:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
590:
586:
582:
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53:10 August 787
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3000:Rabia Balkhi
2666:Philosophers
2647:Omar Khayyam
2561:
2380:Institutions
2231:Eccentricity
2191:Astrophysics
2085:Compass rose
2020:
2013:
2006:
1994:
1987:
1972:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1798:Ibn al-Majdi
1773:Abd al‐Wajid
1732:Al-Wabkanawi
1727:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
1616:Jamal ad-Din
1585:Omar Khayyam
1413:Al-ʻIjliyyah
1388:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
1373:Ibn al-A'lam
1292:Al-Khwarizmi
1231:
1105:
1086:
1072:
1047:
1022:
993:
982:Bibliography
971:
966:
958:
953:
948:, p. 3.
941:
929:. Retrieved
924:
919:Pingree, D.
914:
902:. Retrieved
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839:. Retrieved
835:
826:
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777:Centiloquium
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741:
727:
721:
714:Pingree 1970
698:
694:
690:
686:
643:(1382–1410).
632:كتاب البلهان
621:
580:
574:
568:
562:
559:Liber florum
558:
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541:
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501:in 1133, as
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237:
200:
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196:
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176:
175:
25:
3078:Gawhar Shad
2924:Zamakhshari
2904:Shaykh Tusi
2819:Ibn Mubarak
2708:Shahrastani
2366:Tusi couple
2356:Trepidation
2321:Salah times
2256:Geocentrism
2130:Planisphere
2110:Graph paper
2037:Instruments
1989:Huihui Lifa
1870:Ehmedê Xanî
1829:Al-Birjandi
1808:al-Kubunani
1565:Abu al-Salt
1514:Al-Isfizari
1474:Ibn al-Samh
1353:Abu al-Wafa
1338:al-Khojandi
1242:Al-Farghani
1157:Astronomers
1079:, p. 3
1039:PDF version
931:11 February
773:Tetrabiblos
743:astronomer.
392:Roger Bacon
337:centenarian
316:al-Musta'in
292:al-Musta'in
156:Roger Bacon
123:Abbasid era
3174:Shu'ubiyya
3144:886 deaths
3139:787 births
3133:Categories
2955:Asadi Tusi
2849:Marghinani
2814:Ibn Hibban
2734:Abu Hanifa
2612:Ibn Hayyan
2587:Ali Qushji
2582:Alfraganus
2550:Scientists
2541:People of
2470:Influenced
2439:Influences
2311:Precession
2291:Multiverse
2196:Axial tilt
2176:Almucantar
2160:Triquetrum
2100:Equatorium
1849:Takiyüddin
1722:al-Battiwi
1717:Ibn Shuayb
1712:Al-Khalili
1555:Al-Khazini
1550:Al-Kharaqī
1545:Ibn Tufail
1535:Al-Bitruji
1469:Al-Zarqālī
1433:al-Majriti
1383:Al-Saghani
1378:Al-Nayrizi
1363:al-Battani
1282:Iranshahri
1267:Al-Marwazi
1171:by century
841:13 January
651:References
495: 848
490:, written
466:(ca.1390).
450:nativities
436:horoscopes
309: 796
266:Al-Fihrist
144:Influenced
95:Influences
2909:Taftazani
2894:Sajawandi
2703:Sijistani
2632:Khwarizmi
2346:Supernova
2301:Obliquity
2286:Moonlight
2186:Astrology
2065:Astrolabe
1844:Piri Reis
1834:al-Khafri
1803:al-Wafa'i
1788:Ulugh Beg
1768:Ali Kuşçu
1742:al-Jadiri
1661:al-Abhari
1459:al-Biruni
1393:Ibn Yunus
1368:Al-Qabisi
1343:al-Khazin
1252:Al-Mahani
1057:cite book
256:al-Maʾmūn
197:Albumazar
185:Albumasar
181:Latinized
138:Astronomy
134:Astrology
99:Aristotle
2980:Ferdowsi
2919:Tirmidhi
2899:Sarakhsi
2879:Qushayri
2854:Maturidi
2799:Ghaznawi
2683:Avicenna
2627:Khojandi
2597:Birjandi
2592:Avicenna
2567:Abu Wafa
2543:Khorasan
2420:Maragheh
2371:Universe
2341:Sunlight
2306:Parallax
2296:Muwaqqit
2236:Ecliptic
2169:Concepts
2135:Quadrant
2055:Aperture
1570:Averroes
1540:Avempace
1484:Avicenna
1418:Nastulus
1408:al-Sijzi
1333:Al-Adami
1247:Al-Kindi
596:See also
434:), uses
302:al-Kindi
260:al-Nadim
244:Khurasan
210: ;
148:Al-Sijzi
77:, Iraq,
61:Khurasan
3053:Gardizi
2990:Kashifi
2864:Muqatil
2844:Lamishi
2839:Kashifi
2829:Juwayni
2794:Ghazali
2779:Bukhari
2774:Bazdawi
2769:Bayhaqi
2764:Baghavi
2673:Algazel
2622:Khazini
2276:Inertia
2266:Gravity
2201:Azimuth
2150:Sundial
2140:Sextant
2090:Dioptra
2080:Compass
2045:Alidade
1656:al-Urdi
1479:Alhazen
1403:Ma Yize
1348:al-Qūhī
1323:al-Sufi
1104:at the
974:, 1962.
946:Carboni
904:15 July
637:Baghdad
349:Ramadan
324:Isfahan
274:, near
272:Baghdad
227:Abbasid
220:Persian
193:Albuxar
189:Albusar
103:Ptolemy
3015:Sanā'ī
3005:Rudaki
2970:Daqiqi
2965:Behzad
2945:Anvari
2889:Sabuni
2874:Nasa'i
2869:Muslim
2834:Kasani
2784:Dabusi
2759:Ansari
2688:Farabi
2637:Nasawi
2602:Biruni
2251:Galaxy
2246:Equant
2181:Apogee
2125:Octant
1902:Topics
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537:Venice
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2105:Globe
1912:Works
1077:(PDF)
613:Notes
512:, by
422:Sijzī
359:Works
345:Wāsiṭ
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240:Balkh
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3068:Aufi
3010:Rumi
2985:Jami
2884:Razi
1858:17th
1822:16th
1761:15th
1700:14th
1599:13th
1528:12th
1447:11th
1316:10th
1063:link
1027:ISBN
1004:ISBN
933:2017
906:2013
843:2023
809:ISBN
761:ISBN
732:ISBN
585:ISBN
262:'s
234:Life
101:and
68:Died
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