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principles for two years, Balard revealed the design of the flag, featuring the stylized outline of a hand. The three colors which make up the flag design are representative of
Deafhood and humanity (dark blue), sign language (turquoise), and enlightenment and hope (yellow). Balard intended the flag
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arts movement which had originated in the United States in 1989, but
Surdism differs from De'VIA in its inclusion of arts beyond visual arts, such as theater, cinema, and literary works. The Surdism manifesto urges the use of creative works to challenge hearing privilege and advocate for equality,
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From age three to seven, Balard lived with an aunt to attend deaf school. Since he was able to learn French, he attended mainstream schools from age eight to eighteen. He attended Ecole Sainte
Therese and Collège Privé Sainte-geneviève Saint-joseph in
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and deaf arts (including cinema, theater, literature, and visual arts). He is also known for designing the Sign Union flag, an image intended to represent global unity for deaf and deafblind people.
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Balard writes, teaches classes and workshops, and creates artwork that promotes deaf culture. In 2009, he wrote a 22-page manifesto coining the word "Surdism" (from the French word for deaf,
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6-minute video featuring Balard explaining the creation of the Sign Union flag, in French Sign
Language with English voiceover and English captions (2022) archived at
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As Balard's vision has deteriorated, his artwork has shifted from drawing to digital art, and again from digital visual art to theater and performance art.
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from 1992 to 1993, before transferring to the École MJM Graphic Design, studying there from 1993 to 1995. From 1995 to 1998, Balard attended the
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artist. In 2009, Balard wrote a manifesto outlining his philosophy of
Surdism, an artistic, philosophical, and cultural movement celebrating
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153:) and arguing for the importance of deaf arts and greater acceptance of deaf identity. Balard was unaware at the time of the similar
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102:. Balard was born deaf; as an adult, he developed tunnel vision and was diagnosed with deteriorating vision caused by
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campus, graduating with the congratulations of the jury. In 2000, he moved to
Brussels and studied at
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ending with the statement: "Audism denigrates, Deafhood welcomes, Surdism reveals."
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approved the flag in May 2014 and it has been flown in locations around the world.
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262:"Arnaud Balard: Why I designed a 'Sign Union' flag for Deaf people everywhere"
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503:"Poitiers : un drapeau pour diffuser la langue des signes"
288:"Arnaud Balard, né sourd et Usher qu'il a su plus tard en 1999"
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to be an international symbol which welcomes deaf people. The
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l'École nationale supérieure des arts visuels de La Cambre
529:"Arnaud Balard - The Sign Union Flag For Deaf People"
239:. Kentucky Commission on the Deaf and Hard of Hearing
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448:"Le surdisme, le manifeste d'un sculpteur sourd"
207:"Conférence. Arnaud Balard présente le surdisme"
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323:"Le futur des sourds a-t-il un avenir ?"
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181:. After studying flags around the world and
177:Balard is also known as the designer of the
401:. National Technical Institute for the Deaf
427:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 November 2012
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617:University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès alumni
562:Deaf Flag Arnaud Balard (surdist artist)
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114:. His education was conducted through
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131:European Academy of Art in Brittany
98:Arnaud Balard was born in 1971 in
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233:"DeaFestival 2012 Visual Artists"
627:French artists with disabilities
592:21st-century French male artists
298:from the original on 13 May 2022
292:SOURDSCOPE Culture Facebook page
127:Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail
188:Deaf French National Federation
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446:Renard, Marc (October 2009).
213:(in French). 28 November 2011
34:1971 (age 52–53)
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457:. No. 764. p. 15
118:French; he did not learn
16:French artist (born 1971)
477:"Surdism Manifesto 2009"
94:Early life and education
82:(born 1971) is a French
122:until he was an adult.
557:Surdism Manifesto 2009
507:La Nouvelle RĂ©publique
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612:Artists from Toulouse
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393:Durr, Patti (2020).
145:Activism and artwork
120:French Sign Language
622:French blind people
509:. 25 September 2019
266:The Limping Chicken
173:The Sign Union flag
602:French deaf people
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535:. 21 January 2022
327:S'entendre ?
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52:Surdism manifesto
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597:Deafblind people
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421:"Arnaud Balard"
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395:"Arnaud Balard"
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353:Copains d'avant
349:"Arnaud BALARD"
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607:Flag designers
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568:on 14 May 2022
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104:Usher syndrome
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49:Known for
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25:Arnaud Balard
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125:He attended
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88:deaf culture
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58:Notable work
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587:1971 births
355:(in French)
183:vexillology
576:Categories
329:. May 2007
194:References
106:in 1999.
84:deafblind
70:Surdism,
539:17 April
513:17 April
487:17 April
461:17 April
431:17 April
405:17 April
399:Deaf Art
359:17 April
333:17 April
302:17 April
296:Archived
272:17 April
243:17 April
217:17 April
100:Toulouse
67:Movement
38:Toulouse
133:on the
155:De'VIA
135:Rennes
72:De'VIA
42:France
451:(PDF)
151:sourd
112:Rodez
541:2022
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31:Born
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