31:
387:
He was seen in prison by other political prisoners, but his arrest was never officially registered by the security organs of the military regime. As late as 1995, his name was not on the official list of dead and missing political activists. A declassified Army document says that he was physically
397:
After a proof of his incarceration dated June 21, 1972, was produced, the
Brazilian government officially acknowledged responsibility for his disappearance on September 5, 1997. Investigative journalist Taís Morais, based on her extensive interview with a member of the secret services codenamed
829:
392:
At the time
Boanerges disappeared, my family was not informed of his arrest. It is public that, in prison, torture was used so that prisoners would reveal what they knew. What I want to know is where the body of my brother is. This information will have to come out of the
292:). Boanerges, along with the rest of the ALN commando, hijacked a hospital to treat the wounded. This 4-hour operation was medically successful, but Boanerges was recognized by the hospital staff and forced into clandestinity.
273:(ALN). On May 8, 1969, the ALN robbed a bank and killed a policeman, but one of their members, Takao Amano, was wounded. It was Boanerges who gave him emergency medical care and extracted the bullet.
210:
on
January 9, 1969. In the 1980s the authorities granted her a divorce because her husband had disappeared for a decade. In the 1990s the authorities granted Boanerges' brother Cyro Massa a 100,000
257:. A journalist reported: "Wagging his finger, the student from Avaré questioned the President of the United States on his interference in poor countries." In medical school he was designated as
276:
On June 4, 1969, the ALM conducted another bank robbery, leaving one soldier dead. Two bullets wounded
Francisco Gomes da Silva, the brother of ALN leader Virgilio Gomes da Silva (codename
388:
impaired to the point that his identification would be difficult. His body was never found. Yet for the family there is no doubt: he was murdered in prison. His brother, Cyro Massa, said:
235:
456:
223:
327:. They took guerilla classes: physical training in the morning, political in the afternoon. Their goal was to return to Brazil and liberate their country from the
383:
Among all the
Brazilian political disappearances, the case of Boanerges de Souza Massa is one of those most surrounded by doubts, mysteries and controversies.
222:
Boanerges de Souza Massa was born in a rural area and worked as teacher and accountant to pay for his studies. He was admitted to the
Medicine School and the
824:
804:
649:, Special Commission on Political Deaths and Disappearances, Brasilia: Secretariat for Human Rights of the Presidency of the Republic, 2007, p. 304.
482:
411:
729:
601:
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A document from the
National Archive says that the capture of Boanerges de Souza Massa accelerated the dismantlement of the group...
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340:
167:
115:
328:
135:
270:
139:
111:
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Boanerges de Souza Massa was the first MOLIPO operative to be sent back to Brazil to establish a rural guerilla base in the
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Over the course of 1969, the most actively sought-after opponents to the military dictatorship became known as the "
814:
227:
101:
682:
457:"MPF Propoe acao contra Uniao e Quer construcao de memorial para dissidents politicos assassinados no Tocantins"
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speaker for the Class of 1965, but his speech was censored for being critical of the military dictatorship.
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570:
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285:
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shortly thereafter. 25 years later, the
Brazilian government officially acknowledged its responsibility.
289:
254:
231:
206:, to Francisco de Souza Massa and Laura Alves Massa. He married Maria Lucia Sant'Anna Saadi Kerbeg in
30:
799:
582:
435:
402:, finally revealed in 2008 that Boanerges de Souza Massa had been killed and buried near the city of
203:
187:
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compensation because his brother had disappeared for two decades after being in government custody.
764:
718:
171:
143:
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726:
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355:
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In Cuba, Boanerges de Souza Massa lived with other exiled
Brazilians in a house provided by the
694:
501:
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7", among which
Boanerges. He escaped from Brazil thanks to false identity papers provided by
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155:
75:
674:
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618:
605:
531:
300:
246:
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Lício Maciel for the unlawful arrest, torture and murder of Boanerges de Souza Massa.
830:
Dead and missing in the fight against the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985)
793:
698:
239:
745:
The Economist and Human Rights Violations in Brazil During the Military Dictatorship
207:
58:
617:"À procura do pai - um ex-guerrilheiro desaparecido," by Luiz Maklouf Carvalho,
250:
230:. He graduated from the former in December 1965 and the latter in June 1966. He
767:, extract from the book "Without Traces," Taís Morais, 2008, Geração Editorial.
269:
Over the years, Boanerges de Souza Massa gravitated towards the militant group
722:
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forces were aware of his return. He was the first to be captured, in
62:
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with other ALN operatives, and they hijacked an airplane to fly to
126:(born January 7, 1938 – disappeared June 21, 1972) was a Brazilian
559:
238:. He is the co-author of a published academic research article on
362:, on December 21, 1971. According to the sociologist Renato Dias:
324:
312:
159:
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Dossiê dos Mortos e Desaparecidos Políticos a partir de 1964
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University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine Clinics Hospital
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Dossier of dead and missing political activists since 1964
520:
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Special Commission on Political Deaths and Disappearances
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Boanerges de Souza Massa was born on January 7, 1938, in
608:
by the Commission of Relatives of Dead and Disappeared.
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As for the fate of Boanerges himself, according to the
158:. After the police liquidated Marighella, he went to
777:"Public Prosecutor Sues Agent of the Dictatorship,"
107:
97:
86:
69:
40:
21:
765:Gone with the dawn of man
661:, Institute for the Study of State Violence, 1995.
560:Boanerges was invited to speak to John F. Kennedy
245:In July 1962, Boanerges was invited to speak to
93:for 52 years, 3 months and 6 days
581:"Polícia tem uma pista do assaltante baleado,"
390:
381:
364:
410:. On November 22, 2012, Victor Manoel Mariz,
8:
515:"Where is Boanerges?" by Ulisses de Souza,
176:Movimento de Libertação Popular Brasileiro
29:
18:
701:(Brazilian Edition), Issue 10, July 2007.
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509:
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637:, No. 1934, July 29 to August 4, 2012.
593:
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288:about the kidnapping of US ambassador
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550:, Vol. 47, No. 3 (1963), pp. 190-192
521:Association of Medicine of São Paulo
182:). The army captured him in 1971 in
673:, report contributed by the former
138:. He was the field surgeon of the
35:At USP Faculty of Medicine, age 27
14:
825:Enforced disappearances in Brazil
805:20th-century Brazilian physicians
721:, April 15, 2007; winner of the
335:revolutionary organization, the
331:. To this end they formed a new
585:, Saturday June 7, 1969, p. 13.
341:Movimento de Libertação Popular
253:as part of a delegation of the
502:Presidential Decree No. 2.318.
1:
647:The right to memory and truth
631:How the MOLIPO was liquidated
711:"Secret Army Book Revealed,"
621:, September 16, 1997, p. 6A.
345:People's Liberation Movement
168:People's Liberation Movement
73:June 21, 1972 (aged 34)
166:courses and co-founded the
856:
489:of the State of São Paulo.
140:National Liberation Action
683:National Truth Commission
571:Ação Libertadora Nacional
307:, Boanerges linked up in
271:Ação Libertadora Nacional
148:Ação Libertadora Nacional
112:Ação Libertadora Nacional
28:
681:Claudio Fonteles to the
599:Boanerges de Souza Massa
483:Boanerges de Souza Massa
432:Boanerges de Souza Massa
315:where they took refuge.
218:Early life and education
124:Boanerges de Souza Massa
23:Boanerges de Souza Massa
697:, by Lucas Figueiredo,
228:University of São Paulo
102:University of São Paulo
732:March 4, 2016, at the
699:Rolling Stone Magazine
395:
385:
368:
286:Four Days in September
175:
147:
713:by Lucas Figueiredo,
525:No. 572, October 2006
329:military dictatorship
290:Charles Burke Elbrick
255:Alliance for Progress
136:military dictatorship
820:Brazilian guerrillas
783:, November 22, 2012.
685:on January 21, 2013.
583:O Estado de S. Paulo
436:Portuguese Knowledge
303:. Traveling through
727:Journalism in 2007.
719:Correio Braziliense
695:The Book of Shadows
534:, Special Edition:
249:on the lawn of the
194:Biographical record
16:Brazilian physician
835:Brazilian surgeons
679:Republic of Brazil
633:, by Renato Dias,
604:2016-03-04 at the
548:Review of Medicine
530:2016-03-04 at the
463:. 22 November 2012
420:Lieutenant Colonel
356:counter-insurgency
339:, abbreviation of
840:People from Avaré
815:Anti-revisionists
781:Rede Brasil Atual
412:Public Prosecutor
284:-nominated movie
265:Doctor of the ALN
156:Carlos Marighella
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98:Alma mater
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343:(in English:
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536:Doctors' Day
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465:. Retrieved
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259:commencement
244:
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179:
151:
134:against the
123:
122:
800:1938 births
538:, pp. 6-11.
467:22 November
434:article at
251:White House
188:disappeared
70:Disappeared
794:Categories
725:Prize for
723:ExxonMobil
443:References
301:Dominicans
297:Marighella
224:Law School
172:Portuguese
144:Portuguese
132:resistance
47:1938-01-07
810:Stalinism
416:Tocantins
393:archives.
360:Pindorama
309:Argentina
208:São Paulo
204:São Paulo
184:Pindorama
128:physician
59:São Paulo
730:Archived
602:Archived
528:Archived
232:interned
164:guerilla
162:to take
82:, Brazil
677:of the
519:of the
485:by the
418:, sued
404:Formosa
400:Carioca
333:Marxist
305:Uruguay
280:in the
234:at the
226:of the
186:and he
91:Missing
76:Formosa
517:Review
354:. But
337:MOLIPO
319:MOLIPO
180:MOLIPO
116:MOLIPO
87:Status
63:Brazil
408:Goiás
282:Oscar
278:Jonas
212:reais
200:Avaré
80:Goiás
55:Avaré
717:and
469:2012
325:Cuba
313:Cuba
160:Cuba
41:Born
347:).
152:ALN
796::
590:^
523:,
508:^
494:^
459:.
242:.
202:,
178:,
174::
150:,
146::
114:,
78:,
61:,
57:,
471:.
438:.
379::
170:(
142:(
49:)
45:(
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