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referred to
Chinese people using a racial slur, rhetorically asking "whether we would desire that our sisters or our brothers should be married into any of these races to which we object". In 1905, Watson drafted a new plank for the ALP platform calling for "an Australian sentiment based upon the maintenance of racial purity". He successfully moved for its adoption at both state and federal conferences, stating that the party should "cleanse their own doorstep with the hope that thus the street would be cleansed".
1143:
637:
1358:. Another accomplishment was the appointing of a Royal Commission on a Bill related to Navigation and Shipping, whose report (presented a couple of years later) led to "major redrafting of the Navigation Act" and improvements in conditions for Australian seamen. Once he became the Prime Minister Watson recognised the limitations of his position in the Labour caucus and endorsed the concept of a deputy leader. Andrew Fisher won the position by one vote over the more dynamic Billy Hughes.
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1134:. Nonetheless, they could not stop it from going ahead, and Watson, unlike Holman and Hughes, believed that it should be submitted to the people. Nevertheless, Watson joined all but two of the Labour parliamentarians in campaigning against the 'Yes' vote at the referendum. When the Constitution was accepted, he agreed that 'the mandate of the majority will have to be obeyed'.
1247:, the "ideal of a white Australia stood at the centre of Watson's political ideology, a touchstone of Australian identity that Watson repeatedly stressed in interviews, speeches and articles". However, some of his biographers have noted that his racial views were widespread among Australians at the time and that all three major parties supported White Australia.
886:, Ireland, who had come to New Zealand after several years working in Scotland. Watson came to have nine half-siblings from his mother's second marriage, born between 1869 and 1887. He was treated as the biological child of George Watson, adopting his step-father's surname; his given names were also anglicised.
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Watson's first wife Ada died in 1921. On 30 October 1925 he married
Antonia Mary Gladys Dowlan in the same church as his first wedding. She was a 23-year-old waitress from Western Australia whom he had met when she served his table at a Sydney club. In 1927, they had one daughter, Jacqueline Dunn née
1381:
refused. Unable to command a majority in the House of
Representatives, Watson resigned the premiership less than four months after taking office, his term ending on 18 August 1904 (Deakin was later defeated on a similar bill). Reid became prime minister and four months later his government managed to
1325:
Mr Watson, the new Prime
Minister entered the room, and seated himself at the head of the table. All eyes were riveted on him; he was worth going miles to see. He had dressed for the part; his Vandyke beard was exquisitely groomed, his abundant brown hair smoothly brushed. His morning coat and vest,
1035:
in
January 1892. In June 1892, he settled a dispute between the Trades and Labour Council and the Labour Party and as a result became the president of the council and chairman of the party. In 1893 and 1894, he worked hard to resolve the debate over the solidarity pledge and established the Labour
898:
for his mother. Watson's biographers have suggested he may have originally concealed his background for convenience, but later deliberately did so for political reasons, including concerns over parliamentary eligibility and possible xenophobia. Birth overseas to a non-British father would have made
1342:
Despite the apparent fitness of the new prime minister for his role, the government hung on the fine thread of Deakin's promise of 'fair play'. The triumph of the historic first
Australian Labour government was a qualified one – Labour did not have the numbers to implement key policies. The 'three
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Watson, as a Labor moderate, genuinely admired Deakin and shared his liberal views on many subjects. Deakin reciprocated this sentiment. Deakin wrote in one of his anonymous articles in a London newspaper that "The Labour section has much cause for gratitude to Mr Watson, the leader whose tact and
889:
As an adult, Watson gave incorrect and contradictory information about the circumstances of his birth and the identity of his parents. He allowed some biographical profiles to list him as born in New
Zealand, while his second wife and daughter understood that he had been born to British parents in
1260:
provision on the grounds that it could be easily circumvented, and that "education does not eliminate the objectionable qualities of the Baboo Hindoo". He instead sought to explicitly ban any Asian or
African from entering Australia. During the same debate he spoke of "racial contamination" and
1114:
Watson was devoted to the idea of the referendum as an ideal feature of democracy. To ensure that Reid might finally bring New South Wales into national union on an amended draft constitution, Watson helped to negotiate a deal, involving the party executive, that included the nomination of four
1537:, acquiring a series of properties for camping. As well as his involvement with the NRMA, Watson also was a director of a taxi company, Yellow Cabs of Australia, and as chairman of the state government's Traffic Advisory Committee. In 1936, he became the inaugural chairman of petrol retailer
1126:
and Holman moved to have those arrangements nullified and party policy on
Federation changed, thus thwarting Reid's plans. Although rarely known to resort to anger, on this occasion Watson 'jumped to his feet in a most excited manner and in heated tones ... contended ... that they should not
1059:
increased their support but remained several seats short of a majority. Labour at this time had a policy of "support in return for concessions", and Watson voted with his colleagues to strategically provide such legislative support to the incumbent government. Following the
1098:
from 1895, and was one of ten Labour candidates nominated for the
Australasian Federal Convention on 4 March 1897, but none of these candidates managed to be elected. The party endorsed Federation, but nevertheless most leading party figures viewed the draft Commonwealth
1524:
and borrow money to improve local highways. It was initially hampered by its small membership and lack of financial resources, with a budget of only £15 per week. Watson was able to attract publicity through the launch of a magazine and a successful campaign to raise
1573:. He visited the United States for business reasons and also returned to New Zealand on a number of occasions in a private capacity. After several weeks of ill health, Watson died at his home in Double Bay on 18 November 1941, aged 74. He was granted a
1628:, Watson "left a much greater impression on his time than this would suggest. He came at the right moment for his party, and nothing could have done it more good than the sincerity, courtesy and moderation which he always showed as a leader".
770:
in April 1904, aged 37, after the ALP withdrew its support from Deakin. He was one of the first socialists to head a government in a parliamentary system, attracting international attention, and remains Australia's youngest prime minister.
1256:, Watson stated that the issue of racial purity was "the larger and more important one" for the passage of the bill, where some speakers had emphasised concerns over the economic impact of cheap foreign labour. He opposed the government's
1427:
majority government at a national level. The ALP vote had risen rapidly, going from 15 percent against two larger and more established parties in 1901, to 50 percent in 1910, after a majority of the Protectionist Party merged with the
4833:
1393:. But in October 1907, recognising his work for the foundation of the parliamentary party was complete and also due to fatigue and concern over the health of his wife Ada, he resigned the Labour leadership in favour of
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817:
While Watson did not succeed in passing legislation while in office, his term as prime minister is seen as significant as a demonstration that the ALP could form a competent government. His successor as party leader
1127:
interfere with the referendum'. The motion was lost and the four party men were nominated to the council on 4 April. The bill approving the second referendum, to be held on 20 June 1899, was passed on 20 April.
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Party's basic practices, including the sovereignty of the party conference, caucus solidarity, the pledge required of parliamentarians and the powerful role of the extra-parliamentary executive. At the
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despite all three parties holding about the same number of seats. In April 1904, however, Watson and Deakin fell out over the issue of extending the scope of industrial relations laws concerning the
1533:, and would retain the position for the rest of his life. By the end of the following year the organisation had grown from 550 to 5,000 members. It subsequently expanded into vehicle insurance and
867:, which eventually returned to Chile and docked in Valparaíso a few days before Watson's birth. In the months after his birth the ship worked a regular route carrying timber between Valparaíso and
1326:
set off by dark striped trousers, beautifully creased and shyly revealing the kind of socks that young men dream about; and shoes to match. He was the perfect picture of the statesman, the leader.
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from Australia's Governor-General to Britain's Colonial Secretary 23 April 1904, detailing circumstances that created the first Labor Prime Minister in the British Empire (and the world).
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1996:
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wrote of Watson: "The Labour section has much cause for gratitude to Mr Watson, the leader whose tact and judgement have enabled it to achieve many of its Parliamentary successes".
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969:. Through this proximity to newspapers, books and writers he furthered his education and developed an interest in politics and became active in the printing union. He married
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878:. The fate of his father is uncertain, as no records of his death have been found. On 15 February 1869, his mother married George Thomas Watson at the registry office in
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and established an import–export firm. He worked as a merchant seaman, possibly a ship's carpenter, on trade routes across the Pacific. He arrived in New Zealand aboard
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In December 1910, Watson was recruited by a syndicate of Sydney businessmen to lead a gold-seeking expedition in South Africa. He also engaged in land speculation in
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1111:. When the draft was submitted to a referendum on 3 June 1898, Labour opposed it, with Watson prominent in the campaign, and saw the referendum rejected.
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1503:, but development did not occur rapidly enough. He was appointed as a director of Labor Papers Limited, the publisher of the AWU's official newspaper
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943:, with the public affairs exposure augmenting his minor formal schooling. Following the death of his mother and the loss of his job, he migrated to
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687:, taking the surname of his step-father when his Irish-born mother remarried. He left school at a young age, working in the printing industry as a
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Bill to cover state public servants, the fallout causing Deakin to resign. Reid declined to take office, which saw Watson become the first Labour
794:, despite the opposition of some in the party. Watson resigned the party's leadership in 1907, citing family concerns, and left parliament at the
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elevens' – the lack of a definite majority in the parliament after the second federal election – dogged Watson just as it had Deakin.
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Watson pursued the same policy as Labor had done in New South Wales, where Labor was the smallest of the three parties but held the
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pass the Conciliation and Arbitration Bill after compromising to extend the scope to state public servants as Watson had proposed.
839:, Chile. He was the only child of Martha (née Minchin) and Johan Cristian Tanck, senior. His father was also born in Valparaíso, a
806:, although he never again stood for public office. He subsequently had a successful business career, including as president of the
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and the conscriptionists and had his party membership terminated as a result. Watson remained active in the affairs of Hughes'
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in federal parliament and was elected as the party's inaugural leader. During the first term of parliament he supported the
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until 1905, when he helped reinstall Deakin as prime minister. The ALP continued to offer its support to Deakin after the
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20:
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would lead the ALP to a majority government at the 1910 election, in which many of Watson's ministers played a key role.
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1173:, which at the time served as the temporary seat of government, in May 1901. Watson was elected the first leader of the
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Deakin again became prime minister after Reid lost confidence of the parliament in July 1905. Watson led Labour to the
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government at a national level. He was aged only 37, and remains the youngest prime minister in Australia's history.
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2725:
Hearn, Mark (2007). "Cultivating an Australian Sentiment: John Christian Watson's Narrative of White Nationalism".
1618:
1516:(NRA) in March 1920, and in August was elected as the association's inaugural president. The NRA was intended as a
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and improved their position again. At this election the seat of Bland was abolished, so he shifted to the seat of
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outside Valparaíso. On legal documents he listed George Watson as his biological father and provided an incorrect
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In April 2004 the Labor Party marked the centenary of the Watson government with a series of public events in
1411:, at which Labour won with 50 percent of the primary vote. It was the first time a party had been elected to
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decided to allow the incumbent government to remain so that it could complete the work of establishing the
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The Man Time Forgot: The Life and Times of John Christian Watson, Australia's First Labor Prime Minister
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as proposed was much too powerful, similar to the anti-reformist Colonial state upper houses and the UK
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and would later develop into the Australian Labour (later Labor) Party. In the election, Labour won the
959:
2646:
656:; 9 April 1867 – 18 November 1941) was an Australian politician who served as the third
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931:. Then after a period of helping on the family farm, at thirteen years of age he was apprenticed as a
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had led a short-lived Labour government in Queensland in December 1899), indeed the world's first
863:, Ireland, and was 16 years old at the time of her marriage to Tanck. She joined him on board the
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less than a month later, on 19 January 1866. Their marriage was later registered at Valparaíso's
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1850:"Former prime minister Chris Watson and King O'Malley almost certainly fell foul of Section 44"
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1720:"A perfect picture of the statesman: John Christian Watson – Museum of Australian Democracy"
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1177:(usually known as the Caucus) on 8 May 1901, the day before the opening of the parliament.
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Although Watson sought a dissolution of parliament so that an election could be held, the
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664:(ALP) from 1901 to 1907 and was the first member of the party to serve as prime minister.
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1064:, despite a significant swing against the incumbent government, Watson and Labour leader
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in exchange for legislation enacting the Labour platform, such as the immensely popular
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1655:. Watson's daughter, Jacqueline Dunn, 77, was guest of honour at these functions. The
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So Monstrous a Travesty: Chris Watson and the World's First National Labour Government
1939:
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later recalled the first meeting of the Labour Cabinet with characteristic sharp wit:
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which saw the defeat of the Protectionist Party government, Watson was elected to the
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In 1868, Watson moved to New Zealand with his mother, returning to her family on the
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Six bills were enacted during Watson's brief government. All but one – an amended
1529:. He was again chosen as president in 1923 when the NRA was reorganised into the
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2595:. Australia's Prime Ministers: National Archives of Australia. Archived from
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951:, then found employment as a compositor for a number of newspapers including
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On Message: Political Communications of Australian Prime Ministers 1901–2014
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from 27 April to 18 August 1904. He was the inaugural federal leader of the
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judgement have enabled it to achieve many of its Parliamentary successes."
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in 1886 at nineteen years of age. He worked for a month as a stablehand at
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for New South Wales motorists, lobbying the state government to create a
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1031:. Watson was an active trade unionist, and became vice-president of the
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Watson was involved in shaping party policy regarding the movement for
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Members of the Australian House of Representatives for South Sydney
1303:, the world's first Labour head of government at a national level (
2269:"John Christian Watson, Prime Minister 27 April to 17 August 1904"
1997:"Chris Watson: Australia's second Treasurer – Australian Treasury"
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until 1922, but after that he drifted out of politics altogether.
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the incumbent Free Trade Party minority government led by Premier
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Bust of Chris Watson by sculptor Wallace Anderson located in the
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Labour leaders, including Watson opposed the final terms of the
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From August 1906, Watson was an early influential supporter of
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Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia
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and Watson was succeeded as prime minister by anti-socialist
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Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Bland
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Watson retired from politics, aged only 42, prior to the
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Watson was born Johan Cristian Tanck on 9 April 1867 in
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serving as pallbearers. His ashes were interred at the
2321:. Australian Web Archive. 5 June 2018. Archived from
2235:"Chris Watson, The first national Labour government"
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ineligible for election to federal parliament under
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Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
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4824:Members of the Australian House of Representatives
2294:Australia's Prime Ministers: From Barton to Howard
1667:are named after him. In 1969 he was honoured on a
851:on 24 December 1865 and married Martha Minchin in
2392:"Chris Watson, The fall of the Watson government"
2297:. Rosenberg Publishing Pty, Limited. p. 59.
927:until ten years of age when he left to become a
1553:Watson and his second wife moved to a villa in
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2091:"Mr (Chris) John Christian Watson (1867–1941)"
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1283:Labour under Watson doubled their vote at the
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1639:and Melbourne, attended by then party leader
1239:who played a key role in the creation of the
8:
4889:Burials at Northern Suburbs Memorial Gardens
1457:. Watson sided with ex-Labor Prime Minister
349:12 December 1906 – 19 February 1910
1419:, it was also the first time a party won a
1122:At the March 1899 annual party conference,
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774:After less than four months in office, the
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4529:
4521:
4192:
3475:
3461:
3453:
3286:
3272:
3264:
3034:
3020:
3012:
2799:
2229:
2227:
2156:"Chris Watson, Federal Labour leader 1901"
1948:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
1561:player and was also a regular attendee at
991:Labour Electoral League of New South Wales
798:. He was expelled from the ALP during the
762:in the House and a strong position in the
695:in 1886 and became prominent in the local
547: 1889–1921)
43:
27:
2150:
2148:
1999:. Archive.treasury.gov.au. Archived from
1714:
1712:
1710:
703:and directed the party's campaign at the
701:Labor Electoral League of New South Wales
613:print company director (Labor Papers Ltd)
302:30 March 1901 – 12 December 1906
19:For other people named Chris Watson, see
4804:Australian people of New Zealand descent
2484:
2482:
1557:in 1934. In retirement he became a keen
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1874:
1872:
1843:
1841:
1706:
1470:Australian Industries Protection League
1423:majority, and it was the world's first
1404:, as the site of the national capital.
1250:During the debate over what became the
1103:as undemocratic, and believed that the
843:whose ancestors had emigrated from the
139:27 April 1904 – 17 August 1904
77:27 April 1904 – 18 August 1904
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1879:Abjorensen, Norman (2 November 1993).
1468:In 1931 he was state president of the
989:, Watson was a founding member of the
987:1891 New South Wales colonial election
189:20 May 1901 – 30 October 1907
4874:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party
4794:Leaders of the Opposition (Australia)
4274:1975 Australian constitutional crisis
4254:History of the Australian Labor Party
3295:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party
2994:Leader of the Opposition of Australia
2218:
2206:
2191:
1848:Abjorensen, Norman (21 August 2017).
1455:World War I conscription in Australia
1244:
734:. He became a founding member of the
398:17 July 1894 – 30 March 1901
241:18 August 1904 – 5 July 1905
7:
4809:Australian people of Chilean descent
2908:Leader of the Australian Labor Party
2804:New South Wales Legislative Assembly
1940:"Watson, John Christian (1867–1941)"
1451:Australian Labor Party split of 1916
1042:New South Wales Legislative Assembly
915:Watson attended the state school in
750:, and was a strong supporter of the
709:New South Wales Legislative Assembly
4879:20th-century Australian politicians
4839:Members of the Cabinet of Australia
4799:Australian people of German descent
2680:. Australian Stamp and Coin Company
1117:New South Wales Legislative Council
726:In 1901, Watson was elected to the
16:Prime Minister of Australia in 1903
4814:Australian people of Irish descent
2791:The last page of a secret despatch
2652:Dictionary of Australian Biography
1945:Australian Dictionary of Biography
605:Australian Motorists Petrol Co Ltd
14:
1356:Conciliation and Arbitration Bill
1175:Federal Parliamentary Labor Party
1019:which brought down the incumbent
905:section 44(i) of the constitution
3250:
3249:
1362:Defeat and final years as leader
1253:Immigration Restriction Act 1901
1033:Sydney Trades and Labour Council
635:
1722:. Moadoph.gov.au. 30 April 2013
1671:bearing his portrait issued by
1643:and former ALP Prime Ministers
1184:. Under Watson, Labor provided
1152:federal Parliament of Australia
993:which stemmed from the nascent
911:Childhood and move to Australia
622:Sydney Trades and Labor Council
564:
544:
4819:Chilean emigrants to Australia
2498:National Archives of Australia
2400:National Archives of Australia
2366:National Archives of Australia
2277:Museum of Australian Democracy
2243:National Archives of Australia
2164:National Archives of Australia
2127:National Archives of Australia
2065:National Archives of Australia
2031:National Archives of Australia
1950:Australian National University
1663:and the federal electorate of
1150:Watson was elected to the new
859:. Watson's mother was born in
1:
2097:Parliament of New South Wales
50:
21:Chris Watson (disambiguation)
4859:Prime ministers of Australia
4099:Australian Capital Territory
3043:Prime ministers of Australia
2490:"Chris Watson, After office"
2432:. p. 19. Archived from
1599:Northern Suburbs Crematorium
1348:Acts Interpretation Act 1904
800:1916 split over conscription
707:. Watson was elected to the
2940:Prime Minister of Australia
2593:"Fast facts – Chris Watson"
2494:Australia's Prime Ministers
2427:"Canberra: Maps and Makers"
2396:Australia's Prime Ministers
2362:Australia's Prime Ministers
2239:Australia's Prime Ministers
2160:Australia's Prime Ministers
2123:Australia's Prime Ministers
2061:Australia's Prime Ministers
2027:Australia's Prime Ministers
2023:"Chris Watson, Early years"
1571:Sydney Cricket Ground Trust
1436:which received 45 percent.
1301:Prime Minister of Australia
1146:Signed photograph of Watson
985:In the months prior to the
831:Birth and family background
658:prime minister of Australia
65:Prime Minister of Australia
4905:
4299:Norfolk Island Labor Party
2706:; Ordonez, Silvia (1999).
2630:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
2618:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
2580:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
2565:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
2550:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
2538:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
2526:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
2347:Clareville Press 2014 p 54
2057:"Chris Watson, Ada Watson"
1881:"Watson a British subject"
1833:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1821:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1809:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1797:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1785:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1773:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1761:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1746:Grassby & Ordonez 1999
1619:Ballarat Botanical Gardens
1514:National Roads Association
1434:Commonwealth Liberal Party
1287:and continued to hold the
1268:
1079:
995:Australian labour movement
732:inaugural federal election
699:. He helped establish the
679:seaman. He grew up on the
381:New South Wales Parliament
177:Leader of the Labour Party
18:
4558:
4165:Australian Fabian Society
3301:
3247:
3054:
3000:
2991:
2983:
2973:
2964:
2956:
2946:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2876:
2868:
2852:
2847:
2840:
2830:
2821:
2809:
2802:
2747:10.1080/14608940701737375
2358:"Chris Watson, In office"
2119:"Chris Watson, Elections"
1855:The Sydney Morning Herald
1476:'s high-tariff policies.
1158:, representing the rural
1132:Commonwealth Constitution
643:
431:
391:
342:
295:
234:
182:
132:
70:
58:
42:
2896:Party political offices
2647:"Watson, John Christian"
1417:House of Representatives
1160:House of Representatives
1044:for the country seat of
788:leader of the opposition
728:House of Representatives
719:on the grounds that the
229:Leader of the Opposition
4864:Treasurers of Australia
4552:Treasurers of Australia
4170:Chifley Research Centre
2879:Member for South Sydney
2842:Parliament of Australia
1082:Federation of Australia
1070:Federation of Australia
513:Labour Electoral League
92:Governor‑General
4849:People from Valparaíso
4160:Australian Young Labor
3485:Australian Labor Party
2967:Treasurer of Australia
2291:Brian Carroll (2004).
2095:Former members of the
1621:
1615:Prime Ministers Avenue
1605:Evaluation and honours
1496:
1491:portrait of Watson by
1371:
1339:
1328:
1280:
1265:Prime Minister in 1904
1241:White Australia policy
1205:White Australia policy
1147:
1115:Labour members to the
1091:
1062:1898 colonial election
1053:1895 colonial election
1038:1894 colonial election
758:, the ALP secured the
752:White Australia policy
662:Australian Labor Party
127:Treasurer of Australia
4304:The light on the hill
2657:Angus & Robertson
1612:
1579:St Andrew's Cathedral
1567:Sydney Cricket Ground
1506:The Australian Worker
1487:
1409:1910 federal election
1387:1906 federal election
1369:
1333:
1285:1903 federal election
1278:
1186:confidence and supply
1156:1901 federal election
1145:
1089:
1003:confidence and supply
960:Sydney Morning Herald
937:The North Otago Times
740:Liberal Protectionist
721:proposed constitution
705:1891 general election
650:John Christian Watson
333:Australian Parliament
286:Australian Parliament
2504:on 24 September 2009
2439:on 28 September 2021
2170:on 29 September 2009
2037:on 29 September 2009
1938:Nairn, Bede (1990).
1445:Political activities
1430:Anti-Socialist Party
1193:minority governments
892:international waters
857:Iglesia de la Matriz
654:Johan Cristian Tanck
445:Johan Cristian Tanck
4869:Australian printers
4854:Chilean politicians
4284:Federal Labor (NSW)
4150:National Conference
4049:Beazley (1996–2001)
2902:New political party
2863:Division abolished
2739:2007NatId...9..351H
2727:National Identities
2620:, pp. 147–149.
2599:on 25 November 2017
2406:on 18 February 2016
2372:on 18 February 2016
2249:on 18 February 2016
1563:Randwick Racecourse
1480:Business activities
1413:majority government
1190:Protectionist Party
1021:majority government
1010:minority government
1007:Protectionist Party
981:Colonial parliament
966:The Australian Star
954:The Daily Telegraph
768:minority government
667:Watson was born in
4884:People from Oamaru
4155:National Executive
4143:Party institutions
4109:Northern Territory
2925:Political offices
2343:Julian Fitzgerald
1896:– via Trove.
1886:The Canberra Times
1622:
1497:
1474:Scullin government
1472:and supported the
1372:
1340:
1281:
1169:Watson arrived in
1148:
1138:Federal parliament
1092:
845:Kingdom of Hanover
766:. Watson formed a
723:was undemocratic.
691:. Watson moved to
603:company director (
325:Division abolished
4766:
4765:
4518:
4517:
4309:Tree of Knowledge
4294:Industrial Groups
4242:
4241:
4213:Independent Labor
4180:John Curtin House
4134:Western Australia
4064:Beazley (2005–06)
4034:Whitlam (1975–77)
4029:Whitlam (1967–72)
3450:
3449:
3261:
3260:
3010:
3009:
3001:Succeeded by
2977:Sir George Turner
2974:Succeeded by
2960:Sir George Turner
2947:Succeeded by
2915:Succeeded by
2886:Succeeded by
2831:Succeeded by
2304:978-1-877058-22-6
1959:978-0-522-84459-7
1835:, pp. 22–23.
1823:, pp. 30–32.
1811:, pp. 29–30.
1775:, pp. 26–27.
1685:Watson government
1569:, serving on the
1463:Nationalist Party
1313:social democratic
1271:Watson government
1237:white supremacist
1233:white nationalist
1154:at the inaugural
780:confidence motion
776:Watson government
647:
646:
171:Sir George Turner
160:Sir George Turner
4896:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4522:
4318:Leadership votes
4193:
4091:
3776:Anthony Albanese
3639:Anthony Albanese
3530:Matthew Charlton
3496:
3486:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3454:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3265:
3253:
3252:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3013:
2984:Preceded by
2957:Preceded by
2930:Preceded by
2869:Preceded by
2855:Member for Bland
2824:Member for Young
2810:Preceded by
2800:
2780:
2769:. Scribe Press.
2758:
2721:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2568:
2562:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2500:. Archived from
2486:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2467:. 9 October 1908
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2402:. Archived from
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2368:. Archived from
2354:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2245:. Archived from
2231:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2166:. Archived from
2152:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2129:. Archived from
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2067:. Archived from
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2033:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:on 22 April 2018
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1935:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1799:, p. 24-25.
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1716:
1522:Main Roads Board
1489:Parliament House
1376:Governor-General
1289:balance of power
1209:free Trade Party
1182:balance of power
1025:Free Trade Party
999:balance of power
975:Unitarian Church
949:Government House
861:County Tipperary
810:and chairman of
760:balance of power
639:
568:
566:
548:
546:
517:
509:
501:
493:
467:
464:18 November 1941
436:Personal details
422:
405:
396:
368:
356:
347:
321:
313:Division created
309:
300:
276:
266:
248:
239:
218:
210:Position created
206:
187:
168:
156:
146:
137:
116:
104:
75:
52:
47:
28:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4554:
4549:
4519:
4514:
4313:
4238:
4217:
4184:
4138:
4119:South Australia
4104:New South Wales
4089:
4083:
4022:Shadow cabinets
4017:
3881:
3790:
3781:Tanya Plibersek
3681:Arthur Blakeley
3671:Albert Gardiner
3656:Gregor McGregor
3644:
3494:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3451:
3446:
3297:
3292:
3262:
3257:
3243:
3050:
3040:
3006:
2997:
2989:
2979:
2970:
2962:
2952:
2943:
2935:
2920:
2911:
2891:
2882:
2874:
2858:
2836:
2827:
2819:
2817:James Mackinnon
2815:
2787:
2777:
2761:
2724:
2718:
2710:. Pluto Press.
2702:
2699:
2697:Further reading
2694:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2643:Serle, Percival
2641:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2325:on 22 July 2010
2317:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1960:
1937:
1936:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1703:
1695:German Chileans
1690:Watson Ministry
1681:
1607:
1587:Albert Gardiner
1547:
1482:
1447:
1442:
1432:, creating the
1364:
1336:Watson Ministry
1305:Anderson Dawson
1273:
1267:
1243:. According to
1229:
1227:White Australia
1207:which left the
1140:
1084:
1078:
1027:led by Premier
983:
941:William Steward
913:
833:
828:
742:governments of
697:labour movement
675:, the son of a
627:
571:
570:
567: 1925)
562:
558:
550:
542:
538:
520:
515:
507:
499:
491:
482:Political party
475:New South Wales
469:
465:
449:
447:
446:
420:
414:James Mackinnon
412:
403:
397:
392:
383:
379:
366:
354:
348:
343:
319:
307:
301:
296:
274:
264:
259:Gregor McGregor
246:
240:
235:
216:
204:
198:Gregor McGregor
188:
183:
166:
154:
144:
138:
133:
114:
102:
76:
71:
54:
38:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4902:
4900:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4525:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4175:Federal Caucus
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4090:State branches
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3786:Richard Marles
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3701:Arthur Calwell
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3649:Deputy leaders
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3635:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
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3599:
3594:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3561:Arthur Calwell
3558:
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2922:
2921:
2916:
2913:
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2898:
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2892:
2887:
2884:
2875:
2872:George Edwards
2870:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2834:George Burgess
2832:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2785:External links
2783:
2782:
2781:
2775:
2763:McMullin, Ross
2759:
2733:(4): 351–368.
2722:
2716:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2669:
2634:
2632:, p. 149.
2622:
2610:
2584:
2582:, p. 151.
2569:
2567:, p. 144.
2554:
2552:, p. 143.
2542:
2540:, p. 120.
2530:
2528:, p. 148.
2515:
2478:
2459:"CAPITAL SITE"
2450:
2417:
2383:
2349:
2336:
2319:"Achievements"
2310:
2303:
2283:
2260:
2223:
2221:, p. 361.
2211:
2209:, p. 358.
2196:
2194:, p. 357.
2181:
2144:
2133:on 8 June 2010
2110:
2082:
2071:on 6 June 2010
2048:
2014:
1988:
1958:
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1673:Australia Post
1626:Percival Serle
1606:
1603:
1595:William McKell
1546:
1543:
1493:John Longstaff
1481:
1478:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1379:Lord Northcote
1370:Watson in 1908
1363:
1360:
1279:Watson c. 1904
1269:Main article:
1266:
1263:
1258:dictation test
1228:
1225:
1162:rural seat of
1139:
1136:
1109:House of Lords
1077:
1074:
982:
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912:
909:
849:La Joven Julia
841:German Chilean
832:
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677:German Chilean
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497:National Labor
494:
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468:(aged 74)
462:
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438:
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432:
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426:George Burgess
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331:Member of the
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3766:Julia Gillard
3764:
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3761:Jenny Macklin
3759:
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3711:Lance Barnard
3709:
3707:
3706:Gough Whitlam
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
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3676:James Scullin
3674:
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3666:George Pearce
3664:
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3659:
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3647:
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3640:
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3620:Julia Gillard
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3536:James Scullin
3533:
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2988:
2982:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2933:Alfred Deakin
2928:
2923:
2919:
2918:Andrew Fisher
2910:
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2070:
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2018:
2015:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1932:
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1798:
1793:
1790:
1787:, p. 27.
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1763:, p. 26.
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1748:, p. 23.
1747:
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1700:
1696:
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1678:
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1670:
1669:postage stamp
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:Gough Whitlam
1642:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1630:Alfred Deakin
1627:
1624:According to
1620:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:state funeral
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1545:Personal life
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:motor touring
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
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1494:
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1435:
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1426:
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1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1395:Andrew Fisher
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1337:
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1264:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:Watson was a
1226:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Alfred Deakin
1198:
1197:Edmund Barton
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:James McGowen
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
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1018:
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1001:and provided
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869:Chiloé Island
866:
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853:Port Chalmers
850:
846:
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838:
830:
825:
823:
821:
820:Andrew Fisher
815:
813:
809:
805:
802:and became a
801:
797:
796:1910 election
793:
792:1906 election
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:1903 election
753:
749:
748:Alfred Deakin
745:
744:Edmund Barton
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
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718:
714:
713:1894 election
710:
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588:Weston School
586:
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222:Andrew Fisher
220:
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108:Alfred Deakin
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61:
57:
46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4567:
4289:Gang of Four
4279:Faceless men
3751:Gareth Evans
3736:Paul Keating
3731:Lionel Bowen
3686:Ted Theodore
3661:Billy Hughes
3637:
3633:Bill Shorten
3625:
3618:
3611:
3586:Paul Keating
3584:
3577:
3565:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3519:Billy Hughes
3517:
3510:
3505:Chris Watson
3504:
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3427:
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2906:
2901:
2889:Edward Riley
2877:
2862:
2853:
2849:New division
2848:
2822:
2796:
2766:
2730:
2726:
2707:
2682:. Retrieved
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2650:
2637:
2625:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2597:the original
2587:
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2533:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2493:
2469:. Retrieved
2462:
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2434:the original
2425:Wood, Greg.
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2404:the original
2395:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2370:the original
2361:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2323:the original
2313:
2293:
2286:
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2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2247:the original
2238:
2214:
2172:. Retrieved
2168:the original
2159:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:the original
2122:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2094:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2069:the original
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:the original
2026:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:the original
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1943:
1890:. Retrieved
1884:
1859:. Retrieved
1853:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1724:. Retrieved
1653:Paul Keating
1634:
1623:
1552:
1548:
1527:speed limits
1511:
1504:
1498:
1467:
1459:Billy Hughes
1448:
1425:Labour Party
1406:
1399:
1391:South Sydney
1384:
1373:
1352:supply bills
1347:
1345:
1341:
1324:
1319:Billy Hughes
1317:
1293:Conciliation
1282:
1251:
1249:
1245:Hearn (2007)
1230:
1221:
1215:to form the
1179:
1168:
1149:
1129:
1124:Billy Hughes
1121:
1113:
1101:Constitution
1093:
1090:Chris Watson
1050:
1029:Henry Parkes
1017:George Dibbs
984:
971:Ada Jane Low
964:
958:
952:
936:
914:
888:
876:South Island
873:
864:
848:
834:
816:
773:
725:
681:South Island
666:
653:
649:
648:
616:Trade union
466:(1941-11-18)
448:9 April 1867
421:Succeeded by
393:
372:Edward Riley
367:Succeeded by
344:
337:South Sydney
324:
320:Succeeded by
312:
297:
275:Succeeded by
236:
217:Succeeded by
209:
184:
167:Succeeded by
134:
115:Succeeded by
72:
37:Chris Watson
25:
4784:1941 deaths
4779:1867 births
4203:Labor Right
3795:Governments
3756:Simon Crean
3746:Kim Beazley
3721:Frank Crean
3696:H. V. Evatt
3691:Frank Forde
3607:Kim Beazley
3602:Mark Latham
3597:Simon Crean
3592:Kim Beazley
3573:Bill Hayden
3556:H. V. Evatt
3550:Ben Chifley
3543:John Curtin
3525:Frank Tudor
3004:George Reid
2987:George Reid
2950:George Reid
2704:Grassby, Al
2508:10 February
2410:10 February
2376:10 February
2253:10 February
1641:Mark Latham
1591:John Curtin
1583:Joseph Cook
1297:Arbitration
1213:George Reid
1057:George Reid
929:rail nipper
925:New Zealand
921:North Otago
896:maiden name
804:Nationalist
784:George Reid
685:New Zealand
611:Trade union
516:(1891–1901)
508:(1901–1916)
500:(1916–1917)
492:(1917–1922)
489:Nationalist
477:, Australia
404:Preceded by
355:Preceded by
308:Preceded by
279:George Reid
269:George Reid
265:Preceded by
251:George Reid
205:Preceded by
155:Preceded by
120:George Reid
103:Preceded by
4773:Categories
4753:Frydenberg
4505:2013 (Oct)
4500:2013 (Jun)
4495:2013 (Mar)
4470:2003 (Dec)
4465:2003 (Jun)
4450:1991 (Dec)
4445:1991 (Jun)
4430:1977 (Dec)
4425:1977 (May)
4269:1955 split
4264:1931 split
4259:1916 split
4234:Lang Labor
4222:Historical
4208:Labor Left
4114:Queensland
3886:Ministries
3771:Wayne Swan
3741:Brian Howe
3716:Jim Cairns
3627:Kevin Rudd
3613:Kevin Rudd
2998:1904–1905
2912:1901–1907
2883:1906–1910
2859:1901–1906
2828:1894–1901
2813:John Gough
2776:1920769137
2717:1864030836
2684:9 February
2655:. Sydney:
2471:10 October
2219:Hearn 2007
2207:Hearn 2007
2192:Hearn 2007
2174:9 February
2137:9 February
2075:9 February
2041:9 February
1981:9 February
1701:References
1555:Double Bay
1501:Sutherland
1440:Later life
1217:opposition
1096:Federation
1080:See also:
1076:Federation
933:compositor
884:Ballymoney
837:Valparaíso
826:Early life
736:ALP caucus
717:Federation
689:compositor
669:Valparaíso
594:Occupation
471:Double Bay
451:Valparaíso
409:John Gough
86:Edward VII
3998:Gillard 1
3983:Keating 1
3948:Whitlam 1
3938:Chifley 1
3579:Bob Hawke
2755:143029731
2464:The Argus
2443:1 October
1968:1833-7538
1649:Bob Hawke
1518:peak body
1309:socialist
1171:Melbourne
786:. He was
754:. At the
632:Signature
618:executive
601:Petroleum
584:Education
394:In office
345:In office
298:In office
237:In office
185:In office
135:In office
73:In office
4758:Chalmers
4748:Morrison
4728:Costello
4618:Theodore
4189:Factions
4129:Victoria
4124:Tasmania
4079:Albanese
4013:Albanese
3923:Curtin 1
3898:Fisher 1
3877:Albanese
3807:Fisher I
3726:Tom Uren
3441:Albanese
3332:Charlton
3255:Category
3239:Albanese
3234:Morrison
3229:Turnbull
2765:(2004).
2645:(1949).
1976:70677943
1679:See also
1657:Canberra
1637:Canberra
1565:and the
1550:Watson.
1402:Canberra
576:Children
4723:Dawkins
4708:Keating
4678:Whitlam
4673:Snedden
4663:McMahon
4653:Chifley
4643:Spender
4638:Menzies
4623:Scullin
4593:Poynton
4573:Forrest
4247:History
4196:Current
4074:Shorten
3963:Hawke 1
3918:Scullin
3872:Rudd II
3867:Gillard
3857:Keating
3847:Whitlam
3842:Chifley
3827:Scullin
3495:Leaders
3435:Shorten
3422:Gillard
3409:Beazley
3394:Beazley
3388:Keating
3369:Whitlam
3363:Calwell
3352:Chifley
3338:Scullin
3214:Gillard
3199:Keating
3184:Whitlam
3179:McMahon
3159:Menzies
3154:Chifley
3134:Menzies
3119:Scullin
2797:
2735:Bibcode
2678:"Stamp"
2662:9 April
2603:30 June
2329:30 June
2007:30 June
1892:30 June
1861:30 June
1726:30 June
1659:suburb
1617:in the
1581:, with
1449:In the
1415:in the
1350:– were
1211:led by
1188:to the
1051:At the
1023:of the
1014:Premier
1012:led by
1005:to the
899:him an
880:Waipori
778:lost a
730:at the
711:at the
569:
561:
549:
541:
536:Ada Low
525:Spouses
149:Himself
82:Monarch
49:Watson
4743:Hockey
4718:Willis
4703:Howard
4693:Hayden
4688:Cairns
4648:Fadden
4583:Fisher
4568:Watson
4563:Turner
4059:Latham
4039:Hayden
4008:Rudd 2
3993:Rudd 1
3913:Hughes
3893:Watson
3862:Rudd I
3832:Curtin
3822:Hughes
3802:Watson
3404:Latham
3375:Hayden
3345:Curtin
3321:Hughes
3314:Fisher
3307:Watson
3224:Abbott
3204:Howard
3189:Fraser
3174:Gorton
3169:McEwen
3144:Curtin
3139:Fadden
3109:Hughes
3104:Fisher
3094:Fisher
3089:Deakin
3084:Fisher
3079:Deakin
3069:Watson
3064:Deakin
3059:Barton
2773:
2753:
2714:
2301:
2103:21 May
1974:
1966:
1956:
1665:Watson
1661:Watson
1559:bridge
1495:, 1915
1421:Senate
1338:, 1904
1105:Senate
945:Sydney
917:Oamaru
764:Senate
693:Sydney
652:(born
256:Deputy
194:Deputy
4738:Bowen
4713:Kerin
4698:Lynch
4683:Crean
4633:Casey
4628:Lyons
4608:Bruce
4588:Higgs
4054:Crean
4044:Hawke
3933:Forde
3852:Hawke
3837:Forde
3399:Crean
3381:Hawke
3358:Evatt
3327:Tudor
3194:Hawke
3149:Forde
3124:Lyons
3114:Bruce
2971:1904
2944:1904
2751:S2CID
2437:(PDF)
2430:(PDF)
2272:(PDF)
1539:Ampol
1164:Bland
1046:Young
901:alien
865:Julia
812:Ampol
673:Chile
563:(
559:
543:(
539:
505:Labor
455:Chile
386:Young
290:Bland
4733:Swan
4668:Bury
4658:Holt
4613:Page
4603:Cook
4598:Watt
4578:Lyne
4510:2019
4490:2012
4485:2010
4480:2006
4475:2005
4460:2001
4455:1996
4440:1983
4435:1982
4420:1976
4415:1968
4410:1967
4405:1966
4400:1960
4395:1959
4390:1956
4385:1954
4380:1951
4375:1945
4370:1935
4365:1931
4360:1928
4355:1922
4350:1920
4345:1916
4340:1915
4335:1913
4330:1907
4325:1901
4069:Rudd
3429:Rudd
3415:Rudd
3219:Rudd
3209:Rudd
3164:Holt
3129:Page
3099:Cook
3074:Reid
3047:list
2771:ISBN
2712:ISBN
2686:2010
2664:2010
2605:2018
2510:2010
2473:2021
2445:2021
2412:2010
2378:2010
2331:2018
2299:ISBN
2255:2010
2176:2010
2139:2010
2105:2019
2077:2010
2043:2010
2009:2018
1983:2010
1972:OCLC
1964:ISSN
1954:ISBN
1894:2018
1863:2018
1728:2018
1651:and
1593:and
1531:NRMA
1334:The
1295:and
1235:and
1199:and
963:and
808:NRMA
746:and
461:Died
441:Born
384:for
335:for
288:for
63:3rd
53:1904
3817:III
2743:doi
1577:at
1311:or
1195:of
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683:of
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2749:.
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1952:.
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1675:.
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