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The
British responded with an attack of their own. They captured some small Ottoman forts in the Sinai, built a railroad and water pipe across the desert and then launched an assault on the Ottoman fort at Gaza. Kress von Kressenstein was in charge of the Ottoman defences along with General Tala Bey.
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desert. While the desert was crossed with little loss of life, the
British were aware of their approach and their attack on the Suez came as no surprise to the defenders. The Ottoman forces were repulsed easily and after two days of fighting, they retreated. Kress von Kressenstein's special pontoons
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army across the Sinai desert, again. This attack ran into a strong
British defensive fortification at Romani, 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of the canal. The Ottoman army prepared a major set-piece assault on Romani, scheduled for 3 August 1916 (see the
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Journal, and his 1936 article about the 'war in the desert', in which he discussed also the use of poison gas in the war, both in the Sinai Desert during WW1 and in the
Italian conquest of Ethiopia (called Abyssinia at the time). His memoirs
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He wrote in several articles about his experiences in
Palestine and the Caucasus, and published in 1938 a full book about the war in the Sinai and Palestine.
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479:. Kress von Kressenstein was kept on as commander of the Ottoman 8th Army defending Gaza and he was also awarded Prussia's highest order, the
776:[Overview of the events on the Sinai front from the beginning of the war up to the occupation of Jerusalem by the English in 1917].
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At least two of his articles have been translated to
English. 'The Campaign in Palestine from the Enemy's Side', published in the
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More than a year passed when the
Ottomans tried a second attack on the Suez. With Djemal Pasha directing affairs from his base in
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494:. Kress von Kressenstein was able to withdraw his defeated troops in fairly good order to new defensive positions in the north.
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as an ensign in the artillery in 1888. He was appointed as Second
Lieutenant on 6 March 1890. On 1 October 1895, he joined the
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423:'s army in Palestine as a military engineer and was later chief of staff. Djemal Pasha was given the job by the war minister
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for a detailed description). The attack was beaten off and again the
Ottomans retreated back to their bases in Palestine.
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774:"Überblick über die Ereignisse an der Sinaifront von Kriegsbeginn bis zur Besetzung Jerusalems durch die Engländer 1917"
688:"Kress" is part of the family name, not a given name; hence, "Kress von Kressenstein" is the full family, or last, name.
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in April 1917, the
British were defeated again, the credit for this victory largely going to Kress von Kressenstein.
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384:. His father, Georg Kress von Kressenstein (1840–1911), was a high court judge. Kress von Kressenstein joined the
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843:. Translation of the article "Kriegführung in der Wüste" in Wissen und Wehr, Sept., 1936. Translated by Colonel
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In the middle of 1918, with the Ottoman-German alliance breaking down, Kress von Kressenstein was sent with a
475:. The Ottomans also replaced their top leadership, bringing in the former Chief of the German General Staff,
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Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich (September 1936). "Kriegführung in der Wüste" [War in the Desert].
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732:"Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich Freiherr | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)"
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In November 1917, the British under General Allenby breached the Ottoman defensive positions at the
364:, which arrived shortly before World War I broke out. He was also the main leader for the Ottoman
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About Allenby's Palestine campaign of 1917 (downloaded January 9, 2006; link updated 10/20/2011)
822:. Monatsschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Wehrpolitik und Wehrwissenschaften (in German).
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and graduated in September 1898. He continued his general staff education until 1914. With
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Kress von Kressenstein retired from the German army in 1929 and died in Munich in 1948.
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464:(March 1917), the British were defeated, largely due to their own errors. In the
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The British removed their unsuccessful generals and replaced them with General
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and served as the commander of the Ottoman field artillery school.
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Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich (1923). "Achmed Djemal Pascha".
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Online version of My Mission in Caucasus with document appendix
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933:"Biography of Kreß von Kressenstein from First World War.com"
356:. Kress von Kressenstein was part of the military mission of
952:"Journal of the T. E. Lawrence Society – Autumn 1997"
939:"The Great War and the only Triumphant Campaign of 1917"
868:] (in German). Berlin: Vorhut-Verlag Otto Schlegel.
847:. Washington: Historical Section, the Army War College.
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Friedrich Siegmund Georg Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein
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Officers Crosses of the Military Merit Order (Bavaria)
826:(9). Berlin: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn: 565–590.
340:; 24 April 1870 – 16 October 1948) was a German
801:. Jahrbuch des Bundes der Asienkämpfer (in German).
780:. Jahrbuch des Bundes der Asienkämpfer (in German).
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Lists Von Kressenstein's monograph on the campaign.
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1038:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 4th class
1023:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
613:, 3rd class with war decoration (Austria-Hungary)
46:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1028:Commanders of the Military Order of Max Joseph
993:Military personnel from the Kingdom of Bavaria
524:'s invasion of the Georgian region Abkhazia.
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707:"Friedrich Freiherr Kreß von Kressenstein"
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1008:Ottoman military personnel of World War I
927:Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein
881:Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich (1943),
860:Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich (1938).
839:Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich (1936).
772:Kreß von Kressenstein, Friedrich (1921).
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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547:were published posthumously in 2001 in
619:With Swords and Clasp (Ottoman Empire)
447:, Kress von Kressenstein led a larger
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1003:German Army personnel of World War I
607:of 1914, 1st and 2nd class (Prussia)
16:German military officer (1870–1948)
1043:Witnesses of the Armenian genocide
998:Generals of Artillery (Reichswehr)
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988:Military personnel from Nuremberg
736:encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net
661:is a former title (translated as
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866:With the Turks to the Suez Canal
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95:Friedrich Kress von Kressenstein
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427:of capturing or disabling the
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862:Mit den Türken zum Suezkanal
642:Sinai and Palestine Campaign
625:, 4th class (Ottoman Empire)
586:Military Order of Max Joseph
431:. This effort is called the
415:Sinai and Palestine Campaign
248:Sinai and Palestine Campaign
230:Eighth Army (Ottoman Empire)
895:(in German), archived from
799:Zwischen Kaukasus und Sinai
778:Zwischen Kaukasus und Sinai
600:House Order of Hohenzollern
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653:Regarding personal names:
504:German Caucasus Expedition
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290:German Caucasus expedition
884:Meine Mission im Kaukasus
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944:18 November 2015 at the
765:A Peace to End All Peace
32:This article includes a
963:(subscription required)
593:Order of Military Merit
140:Allied-occupied Germany
61:more precise citations.
889:My mission in Caucasus
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573:Decorations and awards
545:My Mission in Caucasus
477:General von Falkenhayn
394:Otto Liman von Sanders
358:Otto Liman von Sanders
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253:Raid on the Suez Canal
220:General der Artillerie
623:Order of the Medjidie
466:Second Battle of Gaza
268:Second Battle of Gaza
208:Years of service
929:at Wikimedia Commons
611:Military Merit Cross
492:Third Battle of Gaza
462:First Battle of Gaza
433:First Suez Offensive
390:Bavarian War Academy
366:Desert Command Force
278:Third Battle of Gaza
263:First Battle of Gaza
190:Imperial German Army
845:Oliver L. Spaulding
711:prussianmachine.com
488:Battle of Beersheba
273:Battle of Beersheba
631:, (Ottoman Empire)
555:In popular culture
514:small German force
376:Kress came from a
120:Kingdom of Bavaria
34:list of references
925:Media related to
841:War in the Desert
566:The Lighthorsemen
559:He was played by
508:Caucasus Campaign
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983:1948 deaths
978:1870 births
551:, Georgia.
425:Enver Pasha
404:World War I
354:World War I
318:First class
243:World War I
59:introducing
972:Categories
693:References
605:Iron Cross
528:Later life
502:See also:
429:Suez Canal
413:See also:
380:family in
372:Early life
316:Iron Cross
202:Reichsheer
146:Allegiance
874:604167577
832:643162877
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790:183365288
784:: 11–54.
595:(Bavaria)
588:(Bavaria)
581:(Prussia)
409:Palestine
382:Nuremberg
378:patrician
346:Nuremberg
330:‹See Tfd›
211:1888–1929
116:Nuremberg
942:Archived
906:27 April
762:(1989).
676:Freifrau
657:Freiherr
636:See also
569:(1987).
522:Red Army
498:Caucasus
490:and the
445:Damascus
226:Commands
176:Service/
853:5722728
549:Tbilisi
518:Georgia
473:Allenby
460:In the
449:Ottoman
368:(DCF).
360:to the
352:during
342:general
55:improve
891:]
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851:
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741:30 May
716:30 May
682:Freiin
334:German
327:(also
308:Awards
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136:Munich
900:(PDF)
893:(PDF)
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667:Baron
648:Notes
437:Sinai
344:from
40:, or
908:2018
870:OCLC
849:OCLC
828:OCLC
807:OCLC
786:OCLC
743:2022
718:2022
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