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nourished, ill, and in need of medical attention. Civil order had to be restored and unruly Cuban soldiers, still bearing arms, were ordered to remain outside the city. Conflicts with the police occurred because they were holdovers from the
Spanish regime and continued to treat the citizens in an oppressive fashion. Bars and saloons were closed for a period of time and basic law enforcement became one of the duties of Lawton and his men. Lawton had a penchant for hands-on involvement alongside his troops and was personally engaged in the day-to-day post war activity. There are news reports of Lawton personally removing insurgent flags from public buildings and working alongside his troops to maintain order.
1010:, upon returning to the U.S. had dinner with General Shafter. Shafter informed King that someone high in the chain of command in Manila was spreading rumors about Lawton being on drinking sprees in Manila which King emphatically denied. King wrote Lawton about his meeting with Shafter, who in turn wrote adjutant general Corbin. Apparently the rumors caused Otis to write to the Adjutant General on July 11, 1899. Corbin in turn wrote McKinley's personal secretary who had inquired about the rumors and labeled the whole affair as "mischievous gossip." (The letters are located in the McKinley Papers, Vol. 36, reel 7 of the Library of Congress.)
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issued during the
American colonial period in the 1920s. A major plaza in downtown Manila was named Lawton Plaza, which was later renamed in 1963 to Liwasang Bonifacio. After the Battle of San Isidro, a letter arrived at the Eighth Corps headquarters with the message: "Otis. Manila: Convey to General Law and the gallant men of his command congratulations on the successful operations during the past month, resulting in the capture this morning of San Isidro." The letter was signed by President
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846:. Wheeler elected to send word back to Lawton for help and Lawton's unit rushed forward to help Wheeler from his difficulties but the battle was over by the time Lawton's lead regiments arrived and they took no part in the fighting. The fact that the Spanish did not put up a prolonged resistance gave the Americans the impression they would be easy to defeat. This resulted in some miscalculations regarding the Spanish capabilities in planning future engagements.
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had existed for a brigadier general in the
Regular Army, and rumors had circulated for months as to whom the President would promote. The final tribute of recognition from the President and army had already been paid in the form of the promotion for Lawton on the day of his death. The adjutant general's office was processing the promotion when word was received in the White House of Lawton's death.
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861:, and Wheeler all did independent recon prior to the El Caney and San Juan hill engagements but they provided an overly optimistic assessment of the difficulties ahead. Chaffee submitted his battle plan to Lawton who read and signed it without change. In the pre-battle meeting, Shafter and his generals agreed that El Caney would require no more than two hours to take.
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753:. Stories abound as to who actually captured Geronimo, or to whom he surrendered. For Lawton's part, he was given orders to lead actions south of the U.S.-Mexico boundary where it was thought Geronimo and a small band of his followers would take refuge from U.S. authorities. Lawton was to pursue, subdue, and return Geronimo to the U.S., dead or alive.
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523:, from 1850 to 1854. Barney married the sister of Henry's mother in 1856 and for a time, Henry lived with the Barney family, and with his aunt, Marie Lawton, of Sandusky. He traveled with his father to Iowa and Missouri in 1857, returning to Fort Wayne in 1858. He enrolled at the Methodist Episcopal College in 1858 and was studying there when the
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903:, on and off between July and October. This fact was detected by only a few correspondents. For his part, Lawton did not make light of the illness except to a few close friends with whom he corresponded. His real condition may have been "recurring" malarial fever since he had been diagnosed with the illness, as well as
515:, to work on a mill. The family followed him the same year. George went to California in 1850 to build shakers for the gold miners. He returned to Ft. Wayne later in 1853 and shortly after, on January 21, 1854, his wife Catherine died. She had been living with family members in or near Birmingham and
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Lawton also re-established commerce in the city and outlying areas, all the way to Havana. He worked with the
Customs Bureau to create an equitable system of collections and was praised by the bureau head in Cuba for his work in raising and protecting a substantial amount of money. Disgruntled Cuban
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who possibly had Native
American descent himself as Indians (Native Americans), Mestizos, and Criollos were once sent by Spain to serve as soldiers in the Philippines. He was the highest ranking American officer to fall in battle in either the Spanish–American or Philippine–American Wars. A vacancy
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His competency and military achievements made for bad relations between him and the Eighth Corps commander, Otis. Despite this, Lawton was very popular among his men and the general public and was so respected by the colonial
Americans in the Philippines that his image appeared on Filipino currency
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records, the army surgeon who diagnosed his condition at that time recommended a six-month leave in a different climate from the one in which he was stationed. His illness forced him to take a medical leave of absence on
October 6, 1898. He returned to the U.S. on October 13 and shortly thereafter,
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A number of problems faced Lawton and
Leonard Wood. One major problem involved the health of the American troops and the priority of returning many of them home for medical treatment. The problem of sanitation in the city of Santiago itself also had to be addressed. Many of the residents were under
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Private letters to close personal friends in the U.S. from Lawton revealed that he was concerned with the number of his troops suffering from disease, and that he was experiencing a fever, perhaps malaria, and did not like being assigned to a desk job. He was already looking ahead to a role in the
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Lawton immediately tackled the problem of law enforcement, ridding the police of its
Spanish officers and replacing them with Cubans. By the end of summer, he had re-established a mounted police unit made up of Cubans to maintain order in Santiago. Eventually, taverns were re-opened and the locals
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on July 28, 1866. Lawton served for many years under
Mackenzie, mainly as quartermaster, and also as a close confidant. He developed a reputation as a fierce and determined fighter as well as one of the most organized quartermasters in the service. Lawton served with Mackenzie in most of the major
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Whatever reason for his return to the states, he came back as a major-general of volunteers, having been promoted within a week or so of his landing in Cuba. When Lawton returned, he joined General Shafter for a short period of time and then went on to Washington, D.C., where he was in conference
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Lawton's official report dated September 9, 1886, sums up the actions of his unit and gives credit to a number of his troopers for their efforts. At the same time, in his typical fashion, Lawton takes no credit for himself. Geronimo himself gave credit to Lawton's tenacity for wearing the Apaches
1029:, first President of the Philippines, referred to Lawton as "The General of the Night." When asked why he used that reference, Aguinaldo replied that Lawton was a night general and had attacked him (Aguinaldo) so often at night, he never knew when Lawton was coming.
1137:, where he was raised, Northside Park was renamed in his honor in 1900 and a bronze statue of him was erected in the town's Lakeside Park in 1921. In Lawton Park, a memorial featuring a cannon from his time in the Philippines is on display on a limestone base.
853:. Preparation for the Cuban campaign had been helter-skelter and Shafter failed to disembark his siege guns. Moreover, he did not have mounted cavalry, necessary for a thorough reconnaissance of the terrain prior to engaging the Spanish forces. Generals
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generals who early had taken their troops into the interior and posed a threat to the U.S. presence were invited by Lawton to participate in local government and in fact, became quite instrumental in establishing and protecting the peace.
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escorted by then Lieutenant Lawton to a southern reservation. Lawton also served as an advocate for the Indians on the reservation when he learned that the local Indian agency was short-changing the Indians on their food allotments.
803:, inspector general. His duties provided him with many opportunities to develop improvements in organization and equipment for the Army and he worked in this capacity for most of the time up until the Spanish–American War.
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Rank and organization: Captain, Company A, 30th Indiana Infantry. Place and date: At Atlanta, Ga., August 3, 1864. Entered service at: Ft. Wayne, Allen County, Ind. Birth: Ohio. Date of issue: May 22, 1893.
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It has been speculated that Lawton may have been relieved due to drinking, yet, no evidence has surfaced to confirm that rumor. One source for the information was a 'phantom' (unnamed) correspondent for the
1122:, composed a poem to commemorate the event, which was one of few appearances he made in the last years of his life as he suffered lingering complications from a stroke. In 1917 the monument was moved to
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in Huntsville on December 22. On December 29, Secretary Alger announced to the press that Lawton was being placed in command of the Army field forces in the Philippines and would be reporting to General
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539:'s call for three-month volunteers. He enlisted in Company E of the 9th Indiana Volunteers, and was mustered into service on April 24, 1861, as one of the four company sergeants. He saw action at
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At various times after the campaign, Lawton was questioned by friends about the campaign. He remained tightlipped and stated that his unit simply pursued Geronimo and brought him back.
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on September 4, 1886. While debate continues as to whom Geronimo surrendered, Native Americans rarely "surrendered" to junior officers. They usually surrendered to general officers.
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The 30th Indiana Infantry mustered into service on August 20, 1861. Lawton was his company's first sergeant but was promoted to 1st lieutenant on August 20. The 30th joined the
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508:. He was the son of millwright George W. Lawton and Catherine (née Daley) who had been married in December 1836. Henry had two brothers, George S. and Manley Chapin.
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had fallen, Lawton wanted to be returned to the U.S. along with General Shafter and Fifth Corps; however, the War Department selected him as military governor of
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While earning a reputation as a fierce and tenacious fighter, Lawton was also regarded as having compassion for the Indians. Among those who respected Lawton was
519:, during George's absence. According to accounts given years later by Andrew J. Barney, a resident of the area and family friend, Henry attended public school in
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578:, where Lawton's regiment suffered heavy losses. Lawton had experienced one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. His unit moved on and fought at the
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Led a charge of skirmishers against the enemy's rifle pits and stubbornly and successfully resisted 2 determined attacks of the enemy to retake the works.
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city leaders and erected on the grounds of the Marion County Courthouse. The statue itself was created in 1906 and won a prize for heroic statuary at the
955:, the military governor, within a short time. Lawton also toured the country with President McKinley, and other dignitaries during the Peace Jubilee.
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competition in that year, a first for an American entry into that competition. The dedication ceremony for the statue was presided over by President
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down with constant pursuit. Geronimo and his followers had little or no time to rest or stay in one place. Completely worn out, the little band of
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concerning conditions in Cuba. He also testified before the commission investigating the Santiago campaign and was given temporary command of the
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1197:. While Fort Lawton was a quiet outpost prior to World War II, it became the second largest port of embarkation of soldiers and materials to the
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at rest stop beside Southern Pacific Railway, near Nueces River, Tex. (Geronimo is third from the right, in front), September 10, 1886.
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in Kentucky and remained there for a brief period. The army moved on to Tennessee early in 1862. Its first major engagement was at the
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634:, graduating in 1866, before returning to the army. Lawton wanted a Captain's commission in the Army but did not receive it. Generals
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while attached to Buell's forces. At the age of nineteen, on May 7, 1862, outside of Corinth, he was promoted to the rank of captain.
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and the Manila Metropolitan Theater) all the way up to the Park n' Ride in Padre Burgos. In addition, the main road leading to the
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On September 17, 1888, Lawton was promoted to major, inspector general of the Army. On February 12, 1889, he was promoted to
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Note – with the exception of the Medal of Honor, all the awards listed above were established after General Lawton's death.
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during World War II. The fort was closed by the Army in 1971, and today the bulk of the land makes up the city of Seattle's
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In 1899, the Lawton Glacier in Alaska was named for him. For unknown reasons, the spelling was subsequently changed to
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dedicates the Lawton Monument at its original site at the Marion County Courthouse in Indianapolis on May 30, 1907.
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took it upon himself to jump ahead of plan and found himself in a fierce fire fight with the Spanish at the
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for heroism during the American Civil War. He was the only U.S. general officer to be killed during the
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Sheridan strongly urged Lawton to accept a 2nd lieutenant's commission, which he did, joining the
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460:(March 17, 1843 – December 19, 1899) was a U.S. Army officer who served with distinction in the
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reached the shores of San Francisco on Tuesday, January 30, 1900. Lawton was laid to rest at
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and the first general officer of the United States killed in overseas action. The city of
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Lawton's force of 6,000 troops moved inland as Spanish forces retreated and he reached
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496:(Bonifacio Square) in downtown Manila was formerly named Plaza Lawton in his honor.
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Lawton, in tall hat, with B Troop, 4th Cav. on route with Geronimo to Florida, 1886
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began his preparation for the assignment that would take him to the Philippines.
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Indian campaigns in the southwest, including the Fourth Cavalry's victory at the
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is used to refer to the area in between the post office building (including
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General Lawton's Last Fight, Harper's History of the War in the Philippines
1399:(Volume IV ed.). Indianapolis, Indiana: Samuel H. Douglas. p. 43.
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Nine years after his death in the Philippines a statue was commissioned by
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Lawton continued to experience personal attacks on his reputation. General
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Schurz, Manila Galleon, 22; Carlos Quirino, “Mexican Connection,” 933–934.
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With the fighting against the Spanish over, Lawton was transferred to the
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1537:"Statue of Major General Henry W. Lawton in Lakeside Park, Fort Wayne IN"
1510:. Indiana Historical Society. February 2007. pp. 3–4. Archived from
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1414:(Vol IV ed.). Indianapolis Indiana: Samuel H. Douglas. p. 21.
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province, a position he held from early August to early October 1898.
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returned to the U.S. with Lawton and officially surrendered to General
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wrote recommendations supporting Lawton's efforts to rejoin the Army.
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magazine depicting the death of Lawton during the Battle of San Mateo
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claimed 800 acres overlapping a traditional farming village near the
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building was named "Plaza Lawton" before it was renamed in 1963 as
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American military personnel killed in the Philippine–American War
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is named after the general, as is San Francisco's Lawton Street.
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Lawton's funeral procession in Washington, D.C., February 9, 1900
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1493:. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. pp. 325–331.
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Gravestone in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia
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and saw action in over 22 major engagements. He received the
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Lawton's division was sent to take the Spanish fortress at
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Lt. Lawton as a member of the 4th Cavalry in the late 1870s
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Lawton at Corinth, Mississippi, after promotion to Captain
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Burial Detail: Lawton, Henry W (section 2, grave 841-841)
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List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L
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were once again allowed to pursue their social pastimes.
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Letter from Lt. A.L. Smith of Lawton's Geronimo Campaign
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American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
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of volunteers and assumed command of the 2nd Division,
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In 1886, he was in command of B Troop, 4th Cavalry, at
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Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
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Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Indiana
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Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Indiana
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On March 20, 1879, Lawton was promoted to the rank of
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American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
535:Lawton was among the first to respond to President
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Major-General Henry Ware Lawton, Meserve Collection
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1654:Lawton-Forgotten Warrior A Commemorative Biography
1489:Dinwiddie, William (1900). Wilcox, Marrion (ed.).
1436:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1083:Statue of Henry W. Lawton at its current site in
1661:General of The Night-Henry W. Lawton A Biography
618:After the war, Lawton became a companion of the
827:, where it spearheaded the invasion of Cuba at
1185:In 1899, the Army named a fort after Lawton.
1056:. His body left the Philippines on board the
8:
1732:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
665:, a Northern Cheyenne who was in a group of
1752:People of Indiana in the American Civil War
1505:"Theodore Roosevelt Photographs 30 May1907"
1634:"Spanish Town: Street Names in Western SF"
1613:"Clarence Leroy Andrews Papers, 1900–1948"
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1017:Illustration by George W. Peters for the
967:Maj. Gen. Lawton in the Philippines, 1899
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1430:Pandey, Triloki Nath (August 15, 1972).
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1219:He is portrayed in the 1997 miniseries
1193:, near the residential neighborhood of
1052:Lawton laid in repose at the chapel in
899:Lawton suffered from a fever, possibly
1772:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1118:, a fellow Hoosier. The Hoosier Poet,
504:Lawton was born on March 17, 1843, in
27:United States Army general (1843–1899)
1673:, Harper, New York and London, 1900.
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749:to lead the expedition that captured
734:responded to the controversy with an
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1663:, Copyright 2007 Library of Congress
1656:, Copyright 1998 Library of Congress
58:adding citations to reliable sources
604:years later for his bravery at the
1561:Harter, Randy (January 11, 2017).
1370:Philippine-American War, 1899–1902
811:In May 1898, Lawton was appointed
630:After the Civil War he studied at
511:In 1843, Lawton's father moved to
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1335:List of Medal of Honor recipients
1693:"The California Military Museum"
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1592:Fort Wayne Parks and Recreation
975:to command the 1st Division of
45:needs additional citations for
1255:Army of Cuban Occupation Medal
1189:was located just northwest of
1:
649:under the command of Colonel
585:Lawton's unit also fought at
1792:Military personnel from Ohio
696:. The area, now desired for
592:He fought at the battles of
1747:United States Army generals
1671:Harper's History of the War
1541:Allen County Public Library
1069:Arlington National Cemetery
212:Arlington National Cemetery
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1154:after the Philippine hero
1146:Manila Central Post Office
1063:on December 30, 1899. The
688:In 1883, Lawton and Major
656:Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
555:, and Lawton re-enlisted.
357:Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
1742:Harvard Law School alumni
1563:"Lawton Park, Circa 1905"
1432:"Anthropologists at Zuni"
1327:American Civil War portal
1260:Philippine Campaign Medal
1225:by actor John S. Davies.
1144:, the plaza fronting the
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1782:People from Maumee, Ohio
1410:Terrell, W.H.H. (1866).
1395:Terrell, W.H.H. (1866).
1366:"Gen. Lawton dies, 1899"
1240:Civil War Campaign Medal
1168:Manila American Cemetery
819:, serving under General
636:William Tecumseh Sherman
320:Battle of Corrick's Ford
231:United States of America
1269:Medal of Honor citation
981:Philippine–American War
959:Philippine–American War
942:, and Secretary of War
823:. His unit was sent to
694:Zuni Indian Reservation
615:at the end of the war.
521:Florence Township, Ohio
478:Philippine–American War
410:Battle of Zapote Bridge
400:Philippine–American War
1678:"Spanish American War"
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1250:Spanish Campaign Medal
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907:in 1876. According to
844:Battle of Las Guasimas
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791:Band of Apache Indian
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705:Frank Hamilton Cushing
685:in the regular army.
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647:41st Infantry Regiment
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383:Battle of Las Guasimas
1567:The Fort Wayne Reader
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1245:Indian Campaign Medal
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1071:on February 3, 1900.
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930:Philippine campaign.
821:William Rufus Shafter
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715:William Eleroy Curtis
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553:30th Indiana Infantry
335:Battle of Chickamauga
315:Battle of Laurel Hill
292:30th Indiana Infantry
257:Years of service
1120:James Whitcomb Riley
1116:Charles W. Fairbanks
1058:U.S. Army Transport
1054:Paco Cemetery Manila
919:New York Evening Sun
838:on June 23. General
807:Spanish–American War
745:and was selected by
470:Spanish–American War
405:Battle of Santa Cruz
378:Spanish–American War
347:American Indian Wars
260:1861–1865, 1866–1899
54:improve this article
1787:Union Army officers
1364:Dumindin, Arnaldo.
1135:Fort Wayne, Indiana
1114:and Vice President
1034:Battle of San Mateo
953:Elwell Stephen Otis
938:, Adjutant General
922:and the second was
710:Chicago Inter-Ocean
651:Ranald S. Mackenzie
513:Fort Wayne, Indiana
69:"Henry Ware Lawton"
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1164:Liwasang Bonifacio
1158:. Today, the name
1151:Liwasang Bonifacio
1112:Theodore Roosevelt
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1096:Theodore Roosevelt
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866:Battle of El Caney
801:lieutenant colonel
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632:Harvard Law School
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525:American Civil War
494:Liwasang Bonifacio
472:. He received the
388:Battle of El Caney
310:Battle of Philippi
305:American Civil War
251:United States Army
194:Philippine Islands
1376:on March 23, 2019
1294:1862–1896 version
1130:and rededicated.
977:Eighth Army Corps
948:Fourth Army Corps
874:Siege of Santiago
864:In the following
813:brigadier general
732:Chester A. Arthur
690:William F. Tucker
458:Henry Ware Lawton
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393:Siege of Santiago
369:Geronimo Campaign
352:Texas-Indian Wars
179:December 19, 1899
138:Henry Ware Lawton
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1313:Biography portal
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1191:downtown Seattle
1156:Andrés Bonifacio
1038:Licerio GerĂłnimo
1027:Emilio Aguinaldo
1001:William McKinley
944:Russell A. Alger
936:William McKinley
909:National Archive
882:Santiago de Cuba
817:Fifth Army Corps
725:Sylvester Baxter
606:Atlanta campaign
582:in Mississippi.
580:Siege of Corinth
576:Battle of Shiloh
572:Don Carlos Buell
570:, under General
568:Army of the Ohio
482:Lawton, Oklahoma
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43:This article
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1696:. Retrieved
1681:. Retrieved
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1519:. Retrieved
1512:the original
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1378:. Retrieved
1374:the original
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747:Nelson Miles
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594:Stones River
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298:Battles/wars
181:(1899-12-19)
169:Maumee, Ohio
131:
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64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1767:Apache Wars
1727:1899 deaths
1722:1843 births
1521:January 24,
1195:Lawton Wood
1187:Fort Lawton
1108:Paris Salon
1032:During the
979:during the
973:Philippines
626:Indian Wars
608:. He was a
598:Chickamauga
545:Laurel Hill
466:Apache Wars
364:Apache Wars
290:Company A,
1716:Categories
1351:References
1170:was named
985:Santa Cruz
663:Wooden Leg
500:Early life
468:, and the
219:Allegiance
208:in Manila,
204:initially
162:1843-03-17
80:newspapers
1659:Rau, R.,
1652:Rau, R.,
1639:April 20,
1278:Citation:
1212:Glacier.
905:dysentery
793:prisoners
723:reporter
531:Civil War
462:Civil War
444:Signature
186:San Mateo
1299:See also
1210:Laughton
1075:Tributes
1025:General
878:Santiago
872:for the
851:El Caney
829:Daiquiri
751:Geronimo
667:Cheyenne
541:Philippi
237:Service/
110:May 2022
1618:May 30,
1597:July 1,
1572:July 1,
1546:July 1,
1453:May 20,
901:malaria
876:. Once
855:Chaffee
836:Siboney
759:Apaches
713:editor
683:captain
613:colonel
527:began.
421:†
94:scholar
1448:985902
1446:
1380:May 5,
1229:Awards
1160:Lawton
1142:Manila
1065:Thomas
1060:Thomas
717:, and
610:brevet
547:, and
486:Havana
464:, the
434:Awards
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239:branch
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190:Manila
171:, U.S.
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1515:(PDF)
1508:(PDF)
1444:JSTOR
210:then
101:JSTOR
87:books
1700:2010
1685:2010
1641:2011
1620:2020
1599:2024
1574:2024
1548:2024
1523:2017
1455:2022
1382:2020
987:and
859:Kent
825:Cuba
638:and
596:and
587:Iuka
490:Cuba
280:Unit
265:Rank
176:Died
156:Born
73:news
1440:116
1140:In
1133:In
1126:'s
56:by
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