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478:. In the Pointillist style, minute spots of paint were used to blend colors harmoniously; in contrast, the strategy in "second generation Neo-Impressionism" was to keep the colors separate, resulting in "vibrant shimmering visual effects through contrast". Cross stated that the Neo-Impressionists were "far more interested in creating harmonies of pure color, than in harmonizing the colors of a particular landscape or natural scene". Matisse and other artists were very influenced by the late-career Cross, and such works were instrumental in forming the principles of Fauvism. Among the other artists influenced by Cross were
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446:"Oh! What I saw in a split second while riding my bike tonight! I just had to jot down these fleeting things ... a rapid notation in watercolor and pencil: an informal daubing of contrasting colors, tones, and hues, all packed with information to make a lovely watercolor the next day in the quiet leisure of the studio."
551:"These landscapes ... are not merely pages of sheer beauty, but motifs embodying a lyrical sense of emotion. Their rich harmonies are satisfying to the painter’s eye, and their sumptuous, luxuriant vision is a poet's delight. Yet this abundance never tips into excess. Everything is light and charming ..."
470:, with closely and regularly positioned tiny dots of color. Beginning around 1895, he gradually shifted his technique, instead using broad, blocky brushstrokes and leaving small areas of exposed bare canvas between the strokes. The resulting surfaces resembled mosaics, and the paintings may be seen as precursors to
573:. At least in part due to these health issues that plagued him for years, Cross's body of work is relatively small. However, in his last years he was productive and very creative, and his work was featured in significant solo exhibitions; he received great acclaim from critics and enjoyed commercial success.
369:, then he settled a short distance away, in the small hamlet of Saint-Clair, where he spent the remainder of his life, leaving only for trips to Italy in 1903 and 1908, and for his annual Indépendants exhibits in Paris. In 1892 Cross's friend Paul Signac moved to nearby
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paintings with numerous small dots of color was tedious and time-consuming. When Cross wanted to depict quick impressions, he created watercolor or colored pencil images in his sketchbooks. He wrote of a rustic French outing:
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In 1905 Galerie Druet in Paris mounted Cross's first solo exhibition, which featured thirty paintings and thirty watercolors. The show was very successful, receiving critical acclaim, and most of the works were sold. Belgian
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Cross's affinity with the Neo-Impressionist movement extended beyond the painting style to include their political philosophies. Like Signac, Pissarro, and other Neo-Impressionists, Cross believed in
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Neo-impressionist
Painters: A Sourcebook on Georges Seurat, Camille Pissarro, Paul Signac, Théo Van Rysselberghe, Henri Edmond Cross, Charles Angrand, Maximilien Luce, and Albert Dubois-Pillet
336:. In about 1886, again attempting to differentiate himself from another French artist – this time, Henri Cros – he again changed his name, finally adopting "Henri-Edmond Cross".
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before returning to Lille. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, and in 1878 he enrolled at the Écoles Académiques de Dessin et d'Architecture, studying for three years in the studio of
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In 1909 Cross was treated in a Paris hospital for cancer. In
January 1910 he returned to Saint-Clair, where he died of the cancer just four days short of his 54th birthday, on 16
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Auguste Soins, recognized Henri's artistic talent and was very supportive of his artistic inclinations, even financing the boy's first drawing instructions under painter
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434:'s anarchist journal. Cross's anarchist sentiments influenced his choice of subjects: he painted scenes illustrating a utopian world that could exist through anarchism.
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Watercolors by Paul Signac: with two of his paintings and works by
Georges Seurat and Henri Edmond Cross: December 4 – January 17, 1954, Los Angeles County Museum
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In 1891 Cross began painting in the Neo-Impressionist style, and exhibited his first large piece using this technique in an Indépendants show. That painting was a
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322:. The change from his early, somber, Realist work was gradual. His color palette became lighter, working in the brighter colors of Impressionism. He also worked
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310:. Despite his association with the Neo-Impressionists, Cross did not adopt their style for many years. His work continued to manifest influences such as
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In the early 1880s Cross began to experience trouble with his eyes, which grew more severe in the 1900s. He also increasingly suffered from
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show of 1895 at Maus's invitation, and also in those of 1897, 1901, 1904, 1908, and 1909. In 1898 he participated with Paul Signac,
1602:, a fully digitized exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, which contains material on Cross (see index)
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the following year. Henri was Duran's protégé for a year. His studies continued for a short time in Paris in 1875 with
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and he played an important role in shaping the second phase of that movement. He was a significant influence on
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426:). This marked the first time he had worked with a publisher, and the piece was featured anonymously in
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portrait of Madame Hector France, née Irma Clare, whom Cross had met in 1888 and would marry in 1893.
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Taddei, Jacques; Maingon, Claire; Baligand, Françoise; Szymusiak, Dominique (September 2011).
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Soins, who was also along on the trip, was the subject of a painting that Cross exhibited at
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The Grove
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In addition to the exhibitions mentioned above, Cross participated in many others.
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contributing the catalogue preface. Other venues with Cross exhibitions included
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Cross had wintered in the south of France from 1883 onward, until, suffering from
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wrote that "the picture is softly charged with a granular, atmospheric glow".
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May 1856. He had no surviving siblings. His parents, with a family history of
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146:), was a French painter and printmaker. He is most acclaimed as a master of
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193:, a northern French city close to the Belgian border. Alcide's cousin, Dr.
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had designed. In July 1911, the city of Cross's birth, Douai, mounted a
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and many other artists. His work was instrumental in the development of
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Cross's paintings of the early- to mid-1890s are characteristically
1460:"Henri Edmond Cross and Neo-Impressionism: From Seurat to Matisse"
1316:"Henri-Edmond Cross: The Artist's Garden at Saint-Clair (48.10.7)"
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Baligand, Françoise, Raphaël Dupouy, and Claire
Maingon,
259:. 1881 was also the year of his first exhibition at the
1249:. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. p. 442.
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cemetery, features a bronze medallion that his friend
1274:"Introduction: Henri-Edmond Cross, Sketchbook, 1897"
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assembled a Cross retrospective in Paris at
Galerie
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615:invited him to exhibit his work in several of the
243:. In order to distinguish himself from the famous
1544:Henri-Edmond Cross: Etudes et oeuvres sur papier
867:Cross works in museums and public art galleries
639:at Keller und Reiner Gallery (Berlin). In 1907
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893:(Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois)
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189:In 1865 the family moved to a location near
16:French Neo-Impressionist painter (1856–1910)
1439:Clement, Russell T.; Houzé, Annick (1999).
1575:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
990:Musée Richard Anacréon (Granville, France)
166:Henri-Edmond-Joseph Delacroix was born in
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1165:"Biography and Works: Henri-Edmond Cross"
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1495:. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.
1443:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
178:department in northern France, on 20
1489:Turner, Jane; Ward, Martha (2000).
1163:López-Manzanares, Juan. Á. (2009).
1636:French Post-impressionist painters
913:Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
14:
1425:Henri-Edmond Cross, Artcyclopedia
1320:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
528:Une clairière en Provence (Étude)
414:society. In 1896 Cross created a
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956:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
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1247:Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay
924:Harvard University Art Museums
839:Dormeuse nue dans la clairière
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1526:Henri Edmond Cross: 1856–1910
286:In 1884 Cross co-founded the
239:, were in the dark colors of
135:Henri-Edmond-Joseph Delacroix
48:Henri-Edmond-Joseph Delacroix
1661:Deaths from cancer in France
1626:20th-century French painters
1616:19th-century French painters
1524:Baligand, Françoise (1998).
887:(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
681:Sunset on the Lagoon, Venice
627:. Cross participated in the
410:principles, with hope for a
36:Self-Portrait with Cigarette
1546:, Le Lavandou, Lalan, 2006.
580:May 1910. His tomb, in the
261:Salon des Artistes Français
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1324:Metropolitan Museum of Art
961:Metropolitan Museum of Art
940:Indianapolis Museum of Art
931:(Saint Petersburg, Russia)
346:, 1893, private collection
1631:20th-century male artists
1551:Los Angeles County Museum
1169:Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
1129:. Paris Art Studies. 2008
1066:Allen Memorial Art Museum
1023:Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
874:Allen Memorial Art Museum
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1590:Cross's twenty-two page
1012:Statens Museum for Kunst
918:Finnish National Gallery
880:Art Institute of Chicago
592:exhibition of his work.
437:The process of creating
162:Background and education
1029:Wallraf-Richartz-Museum
1000:National Gallery of Art
908:Cleveland Museum of Art
876:(Oberlin College, Ohio)
460:La Plage de Saint-Clair
267:on an 1883 trip to the
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1018:Tel Aviv Museum of Art
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903:Chrysler Museum of Art
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139:French pronunciation:
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1646:Divisionist painters
1621:French male painters
994:Museum of Modern Art
794:La Chaîne des Maures
596:Selected exhibitions
510:La fuite des nymphes
312:Jules Bastien-Lepage
304:Albert Dubois-Pillet
298:movement, including
222:Madame Hector France
1476:on 13 February 2012
1415:Clement, pp. 292–3.
1284:on 7 September 2011
1278:Harvard Art Museums
920:(Helsinki, Finland)
891:Block Museum of Art
809:La baie à Cavalière
661:Aquarelle et pastel
560:Cypresses at Cagnes
1681:Artists from Lille
1062:"Cross: Fisherman"
1031:(Cologne, Germany)
1008:(Walsall, England)
987:(Le Havre, France)
975:(Grenoble, France)
973:Museum of Grenoble
969:(Potsdam, Germany)
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428:Les Temps Nouveaux
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263:. He painted many
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122:Henri-Edmond Cross
23:Henri-Edmond Cross
1656:People from Douai
1651:French anarchists
1599:Signac, 1863–1935
1535:978-2-85056-331-7
1528:. Paris: Somogy.
1243:Rosenblum, Robert
1068:, Oberlin College
1002:(Washington D.C.)
950:Kunstmuseum Basel
885:Barnes Foundation
779:Ponte San Trovaso
605:Regatta in Venice
344:The farm, evening
318:, as well as the
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148:Neo-Impressionism
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79:(1910-05-16)
35:
1671:1910 deaths
1666:1856 births
1641:Pointillism
1508:14 February
1480:14 February
1330:14 February
1288:14 February
1174:14 February
1133:14 February
1072:14 February
862:Collections
826:, 1906–1907
811:, 1906–1907
796:, 1906–1907
781:, 1902–1905
653:Samuel Bing
613:Octave Maus
607:, 1898/1908
582:Le Lavandou
468:Pointillist
451:Later years
439:Divisionist
367:Le Lavandou
352:divisionist
281:Paul Signac
237:still lifes
184:ironmongery
114:Divisionism
110:Pointillism
77:16 May 1910
58:20 May 1856
1610:Categories
1592:Sketchbook
1037:References
854:Hafenszene
432:Jean Grave
416:lithograph
363:rheumatism
265:landscapes
213:Early work
54:1856-05-20
1571:cite book
1563:145967784
856:, by 1910
766:1901–1905
732:1896–1899
726:Landscape
711:Fisherman
683:1898–1893
571:arthritis
541:Symbolist
408:anarchist
233:portraits
1553:(1953).
1245:(1989).
1025:(Madrid)
562:, 1908,
496:Jean Puy
420:L'Errant
247:painter
245:Romantic
224:, 1891,
102:Movement
97:Painting
88:, France
68:, France
1433:Sources
981:(Paris)
824:Le Bois
667:Gallery
647:, with
472:Fauvism
412:utopian
241:Realism
174:in the
172:commune
156:Fauvism
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498:, and
476:Cubism
462:, 1896
399:1893,
397:
381:, and
306:, and
273:
255:means
195:
180:
38:, 1880
1474:(PDF)
1463:(PDF)
543:poet
292:Salon
257:cross
253:croix
191:Lille
168:Douai
62:Douai
1577:link
1559:OCLC
1530:ISBN
1510:2012
1497:ISBN
1482:2012
1445:ISBN
1332:2012
1290:2012
1251:ISBN
1176:2012
1135:2012
1074:2012
762:, c.
728:, c.
534:1906
530:, c.
512:, c.
474:and
395:, c.
332:and
314:and
277:Nice
235:and
176:Nord
170:, a
74:Died
66:Nord
44:Born
655:'s
621:Les
619:of
86:Var
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