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201:, New York and London, but it has been lost. More than 200 of his paintings, maps and other work being held at the Smithsonian were lost in an 1865 fire. The irreparable loss of most of his works caused the eclipse of Stanley's reputation for some time in American art history. His appreciation and portrayal of the American West is valued, and today his few surviving works are held by national and numerous regional museums.
333:'s expedition to California and the Oregon Territory. He produced many sketches and paintings of the campaign, making more finished paintings after reaching San Francisco in early 1847. Some works were reproduced as engravings. He traveled further north to the Oregon and Washington territories to paint landscapes and various Native American tribes, and worked through part of 1848.
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hours to see everything in the panorama. This exhibit represented the last of
Stanley's great western adventures and was highly praised by Washington papers. It was shown in Baltimore for three weeks, and went on tour to New York and London. The panorama later disappeared, and historians have not been able to trace it.
295:. An estimated 10,000 Native Americans of 17 tribes attended to negotiate peace with Texas, as did many European Americans. Stanley spent four weeks there and worked intensely through the next three months to complete his numerous paintings of individuals and tribal groups. He also spent more time with Cherokee and
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Stanley married Alice C. English in 1854, when he was 40 and essentially finished with his western travels. They had five children together, two of whom died as infants. Their son, L. C. Stanley, published a biographical account of his father, entitled "John Mix
Stanley, Artist-Explorer," in the 1924
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After his return, Stanley worked intensely at painting and organizing a large panorama of western scenes from the northern survey route. His exhibition of 42 scenes went on display in
Washington, DC, on September 1, 1854, accompanied by a 23-page booklet of descriptions. Visitors said they needed two
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Stanley intended to produce an atlas of the
American Indian but, after the loss of most of his paintings in 1865, never completed it. Only eight leaves exist. Probably written in the winter of 1868–1869, these include his preface, as well as pages describing three plates: a Plains Indian encampment,
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which attracted much attention in the city. As he noted in the preface to the catalogue published by the
Smithsonian, Stanley portrayed 43 tribes. His paintings represented a decade of work, with extensive travel in the West and the Hawaiian Islands. His collection numbered nearly 200 works and was
489:
Stanley's primary interest and sympathies were with the
American Indians. The Smithsonian had a large and successful exhibit of his paintings in 1852, but Congress never appropriated monies to acquire them. More than 200 of his works, as well as many of his maps and other documentation, were
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Committee on Indian
Affairs in purchasing his gallery, but could not gain approval; and the Smithsonian did not have sufficient funds to purchase it. He struggled financially, trying to keep his collection together in hopes of gaining Congressional support, rather than sell it privately.
353:, also an artist of Native American life, wrote to Stanley of his gallery: "that I consider the artistic merits of yours far superior to Mr. Catlin's; and they give a better idea of the Indian than any works in Mr. Catlin's collection." Stanley interested members of the
340:, his wife, and the royal family. After his return to the East, he organized his large gallery of Indian portraits and paintings to be mounted in several cities, including New York. In 1852, he gained a major exhibit in Washington, DC, at the
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in
Washington, DC; originally he had hoped his Indian gallery would be the basis of its collection. More than 200 of his works, as well as many of his maps and other documentation, were destroyed in the Smithsonian fire of 1865.
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in 1852. Although he had some
Congressional interest in purchasing the collection, he was unsuccessful in completing a sale to the government. He never recovered his expenses for a decade of intensive work and travel.
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213:, to Seth and Sally (McKinney) Stanley. He was orphaned at the age of 12. At age 14, Stanley was`apprenticed to a coach maker. He taught himself painting skills, and at the age of 20 moved to
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hunting, as the herds were still vast on the prairies. Stanley painted and sketched many
Northwest landmarks, which were reproduced in lithographs for inclusion in Stevens' last volume of the
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414:. These gained wide circulation and added to Stanley's reputation. His portraits of two early Oregon settlers are held by the Oregon Historical Society. Later in the West, he painted
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This information may be found online at www.catalog.library.cornell edu, but was followed up by contact with the Rare Book librarian, Cornell University, September 2008 (OR).
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destroyed in the Smithsonian fire of 1865. This loss likely contributed to the decline in his reputation and lack of knowledge about him in later American art history.
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Stanley returned to Detroit in 1864, where he set up his art studio. He essentially remained in Detroit the rest of his life, helping to found a forerunner of the
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365:' expedition to survey a northern railroad route to the Pacific Coast; he made the most of this chance for travel and work in the Northwest. They traveled from
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Stanley moved to what was considered the frontier town of Detroit in 1832, where he became an itinerant painter of signs and portraits. He traveled also to
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Stanley (1870), “Atlas of American Indians: Proof Sheets”, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Kroch Library Rare & Manuscripts, Archives.
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467:. He created a large collection of maps, which was held by the Smithsonian Institution. They were also destroyed in the 1865 fire.
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Stanley's art was celebrated in an exhibition entitled "Painted Journeys-The Art of John Mix Stanley" that opened June 2015 at the
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hunt. Stanley described what the plates represent and also provided historical and cultural information about each tribe or area.
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Hassrick, Peter H. (Winter 2014). "John Mix Stanley-An Artist's View of the 1853 Pacific Railroad Survey and the Far Northwest".
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Hassrick, Peter H. (Winter 2014). "John Mix Stanley-An Artist's View of the 1853 Pacific Railroad Survey and the Far Northwest".
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698:. The exhibit contained more than 60 of Stanley's works from the 227 known to survive today. The exhibit traveled to the
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hunters. They were generations of European and mixed-race trappers who lived on the frontier and had Indian wives and
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Hassrick, Peter and Mindy Besaw, "Painted Journeys: The Art of John Mix Stanley", University of Oklahoma Press, 2015.
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who married Jane C. Stanley, a watercolorist. Their daughter, Stanley's granddaughter, was fellow artist and painter
252:. In the latter part of the decade, he returned East, apparently to Washington, D.C., where he briefly had a studio.
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279:); the community was a crossroads of many Indian nations. In the summer of 1843, Stanley went to the council at
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186:'s expedition to California and painted accounts of the campaign, as well as aspects of the Oregon Territory.
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Stanley continued to travel and paint in the West, and mounted a major exhibit of more than 150 works at the
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Robert Taft, "THE PICTORIAL RECORD OF THE OLD WEST: XV. John M. Stanley and the Pacific Railroad Reports"
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Nicandri, David L. "John Mix Stanley: Paintings and Sketches of the Oregon Country and Its Inhabitants"
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region of New York, he started painting signs and portraits as a young man. In 1842 he traveled to the
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His surviving works are held by national museums as well as numerous regional institutions: National:
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That year Stanley traveled to Hawaii, where he spent nearly twelve months painting portraits of King
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158:(January 17, 1814 – April 10, 1872) was an artist-explorer, an American painter of landscapes, and
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384:(Piegan) village, and saw a large hunting party of several hundred, including families from the
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in 1846, Stanley was appointed a draftsman for the Corps of Topographical Engineers to Colonel
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warriors in their natural environment. The party returned that year to the East, crossing the
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1183:
Nicandri, David L. "Isaac I. Stevens and the Expeditionary Artists of the Northern West," in
1159:(Washington and New York, 1848; rpt., by the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers; as
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to paint Native American life. In 1846 he exhibited a gallery of 85 of his paintings in
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children. (In Canada, descendants of such families have achieved recognition as the
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expressly to paint Native Americans, perhaps inspired by the work of the artist
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In 1853, Stanley was appointed chief artist at a salary of $ 125 per month for
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In 1854 he exhibited a 42-scene panorama of western scenes in Washington, DC;
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As an artist-explorer, Stanley had traveled extensively, especially in the
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groups, painting portraits. That fall he accompanied the party of the US
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Hunt, David C. "John Mix Stanley: Survey Artist and Indian Painter,"
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Encounters with Paradise: Views of Hawaii and its People, 1778–1941
937:, Vol. XX, February 1952, at Internet Archive, accessed 22 May 2011
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Encounter with a Distant Land: Exploration and the Great Northwest
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from the west and arriving by ship in New York in January 1854.
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Portraits of North American Indians, with Sketches of Scenery
322:. Stanley left Dickerman in charge and returned to the West.
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Stanley, John Mix and Sumner Dickerman (1846), Catalogue:
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and its School of Arts. He also helped incorporate the
1173:, Niwot, Colorado: University of Colorado Press, 1991.
960:, Vol. 33, No. 3, September 1932, accessed 22 May 2011
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University of Arizona Museum of Art (Tucson, Arizona),
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Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians & Western Art
236:, oil on canvas painting by John Mix Stanley, c. 1840s
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that discusses Stanley's work from his granddaughter.
1053:(4). Helena, Montana: Montana Historical Society: 53.
990:(4). Helena, Montana: Montana Historical Society: 44.
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Arizona State University Art Museum (Tempe, Arizona),
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Artists and Illustrators of the Old West: 1850–1900
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Nellie B. Pipes, "John Mix Stanley, Indian Painter"
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1208:, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1953.
674:Stanley, John Mix (1852), Preface and Catalogue:
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644:(University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan),
376:. Stanley observed gatherings of nearly 1,500
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731:. Another son, Louis Stanley, was a railroad
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678:, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
255:In 1842, accompanied by Sumner Dickerman of
1219:Alice Stanley Acheson letter, 1944 March 2
1187:, edited by Carlos Schwantes. Moscow, ID:
1152:(3 vols., Athens, Ohio: Swallow, 1974–86).
1124:(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press).
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1122:John Mix Stanley and his Indian Paintings
480:Buffalo Hunt on the Southwestern Prairies
1171:Jesse Chisholm: Ambassador of the Plains
1092:"Alice Acheson, 100, Washington Painter"
1047:Montana: The Magazine of Western History
984:Montana: The Magazine of Western History
636:Westervelt Warner Museum of American Art
1163:with intro. and notes by Ross Calvin ).
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669:North American Indian Portrait Gallery
406:group.) They had come to the area for
725:Annual Report Smithsonian Institution
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831:Chain of Spires Along the Gila River
671:; J. M. Stanley, Artist (Cincinnati)
630:University of Michigan Museum of Art
221:, and started doing itinerant work.
35:Oil on canvas self-portrait, c. 1860
1066:"ALICE STANLEY ACHESON DIES AT 100"
816:Oregon City on the Willamette River
801:Oregon City on the Willamette River
1284:19th-century American male artists
1157:Notes of a Military Reconnaissance
611:Relic Gallery (Missoula, Montana),
14:
1264:People from Canandaigua, New York
1064:Weil, Martin (January 22, 1996).
1120:Kinietz, William Vernon (1942),
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739:(1895–1996), the wife of former
388:area near the Canada–US border.
692:Buffalo Bill Center of the West
597:National Museum of Wildlife Art
522:Smithsonian American Art Museum
484:Smithsonian American Art Museum
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1279:Painters from New York (state)
1254:19th-century American painters
549:Buffalo Bill Historical Center
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471:Paintings of Native Americans
391:The latter were known as the
234:River in a Mountain Landscape
209:John Mix Stanley was born in
1229:The Handbook of Texas Online
1150:Artists of the American West
16:19th-century American artist
1199:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1117:(Honolulu Academy of Arts).
958:Oregon Historical Quarterly
935:Kansas Historical Quarterly
654:Yale University Art Gallery
642:William L. Clements Library
609:https://www.120nhiggins.com
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1269:American portrait painters
1090:Staff (January 22, 1996).
746:(1893–1971) and mother to
504:Metropolitan Museum of Art
217:, the largest city in the
1189:University of Idaho Press
1161:Lieutenant Emory Reports,
1113:Forbes, David W. (1992),
656:(New Haven, Connecticut).
561:Detroit Institute of Arts
516:National Portrait Gallery
431:Detroit Institute of Arts
28:
1223:Archives of American Art
1155:Emory, William Hemsley,
599:(Jackson Hole, Wyoming),
573:Galena Historical Museum
569:(Indianapolis, Indiana),
412:Pacific Railroad Reports
380:, traveled to a distant
349:celebrated at the time.
346:Native American Gallery,
205:Early life and education
1221:from the Smithsonian's
1134:The Oregon Encyclopedia
1010:The Oregon Encyclopedia
650:(Worcester, Maine), and
518:(Washington, D.C.), and
510:National Gallery of Art
498:Corcoran Gallery of Art
435:National Gallery of Art
342:Smithsonian Institution
325:At the outbreak of the
191:Smithsonian Institution
1259:American male painters
737:Alice Caroline Stanley
638:(Tuscaloosa, Alabama),
632:(Ann Arbor, Michigan),
585:Honolulu Museum of Art
543:Buffalo History Museum
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393:Red River of the North
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870:Seth and Mary Eastman
860:Elbridge Ayer Burbank
783:Portrait of Princess
748:David Campion Acheson
729:David I. Bushnell, Jr
512:, (Washington, D.C.),
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451:burial ground, and a
331:Stephen Watts Kearney
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211:Canandaigua, New York
184:Stephen Watts Kearney
144:David Campion Acheson
1274:Explorers of Montana
648:Worcester Art Museum
617:(Corning, New York),
536:(Fort Worth, Texas),
374:Washington Territory
320:Louisville, Kentucky
182:, he joined Colonel
180:Mexican–American War
1070:The Washington Post
718:Marriage and family
621:Stark Museum of Art
605:(Phoenix, Arizona),
575:(Galena, Illinois),
500:(Washington, D.C.),
370:Minnesota Territory
1201:88 (Summer, 1987).
1129:"John Mix Stanley"
1096:The New York Times
1005:"John Mix Stanley"
890:Joseph Henry Sharp
818:detail (1850–1852)
785:Manaiula Tehuiarii
741:Secretary of State
712:Tacoma, Washington
603:Phoenix Art Museum
593:(Omaha, Nebraska),
581:(Tulsa, Oklahoma),
534:Amon Carter Museum
524:(Washington, D.C.)
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306:to a council with
267:. They settled at
261:American Southwest
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219:Michigan Territory
885:Charles Bird King
768:Osage Scalp Dance
708:Tacoma Art Museum
591:Joslyn Art Museum
555:Denver Art Museum
420:Isthmus of Panama
293:Republic of Texas
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700:Gilcrease Museum
623:(Orange, Texas),
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551:(Cody, Wyoming),
506:(New York City),
363:Isaac I. Stevens
316:Cincinnati, Ohio
304:Pierce M. Butler
273:Indian Territory
156:John Mix Stanley
146:(great-grandson)
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1238:Categories
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