1980:
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470:, to the patronage of whose house the rise of the Scott family was largely owing. Bowes having contested Newcastle and lost it, presented an election petition against the return of his opponent. Young Scott was retained as junior counsel in the case, and though he lost the petition he did not fail to improve the opportunity which it afforded for displaying his talents. This engagement, at the start of his second year at the bar, and the dropping in of occasional fees, must have raised his hopes; and he now abandoned the scheme of becoming a provincial barrister. A year or two of dull drudgery and few fees followed, and he began to be much depressed. But in 1780, his prospects suddenly improved by his appearance in the case of
60:
486:, though the latter was the son of a peer and a most accomplished orator. He was now on the high way to fortune. His health, which had hitherto been but indifferent, strengthened with the demands made upon it; his talents, his power of endurance, and his ambition all expanded together. He enjoyed a considerable practice in the northern part of his circuit, before parliamentary committees and at the chancery bar. By 1787, his practice at the equity bar had so far increased that he was obliged to give up the eastern half of his circuit (which embraced six counties) and attend it only at Lancaster.
409:. He was not remarkable at school for application to his studies, though his wonderful memory enabled him to make good progress in them; he frequently played truant and was whipped for it, robbed orchards, and indulged in other questionable schoolboy pranks; nor did he always come out of his scrapes with honour and a character for truthfulness. When he had finished his education at the grammar school, his father thought of apprenticing him to his own business, to which an elder brother Henry had already devoted himself; and it was only through the influence of his elder brother William (afterwards
1835:
397:. His grandfather, William Scott of Sandgate, a street adjacent to the Newcastle quayside, was clerk to a fitter, a sort of water-carrier and broker of coals. His father, whose name also was William, began life as an apprentice to a fitter, in which service he obtained the freedom of Newcastle, becoming a member of the guild of Hostmen (coal-fitters); later in life he became a principal in the business, and attained a respectable position as a merchant in Newcastle, accumulating property worth nearly £20,000.
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marry; it was a blight on his son's prospects, depriving him of his fellowship and his chance of church preferment. But while the bride's family refused to associate with the couple, Scott, like a prudent man and an affectionate father, set himself to make the best of a bad matter, and received them kindly, settling on his son £2000.
633:'s insistence, in a decisive break with the High Tory past. Notwithstanding his frequent protests that he did not covet power, but longed for retirement, we find him again, so late as 1835, within three years of his death, in hopes of office under Peel. He spoke in parliament for the last time in July 1834.
813:
During Eldon's lifetime, journalist (George) Wingrave Cook observed: "Posterity will probably pass a severe judgement upon the memory of this statesman...there is no other instance of a man who was possessed of nearly absolute influence in the councils of the nation for a quarter of a century, and of
780:
Eldon was a loyal and tenacious supporter of the war against
Napoleon; but when the prospect of a new war arose in 1823, he expressed rather different concerns: "Men delude themselves by supposing that war consists only in a proclamation, a battle, a victory and a triumph. Of the soldiers' widows and
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In the latter year we find him conducting the negotiations which resulted in the dismissal of
Addington and the recall of Pitt to office as prime minister. Lord Eldon was continued in office as chancellor under Pitt; but the new administration was of short duration, for on 23 January 1806 Pitt died,
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The same year Bowes again retained him in an election petition; and in the year following Scott greatly increased his reputation by his appearance as leading counsel in the
Clitheroe election petition. From this time his success was certain. In 1782, he obtained a silk gown, and was so far cured of
448:
in
January 1773. In 1776, he was called to the bar, intending at first to establish himself as an advocate in his native town, a scheme which his early success led him to abandon, and he soon settled to the practice of his profession in London, and on the northern circuit. In the autumn of 1776, his
436:
On 18 November 1772, Scott, with the aid of a ladder and an old friend, carried off the lady from her father's house in the
Sandhill, across the border to Blackshields, in Scotland, where they were married. The father of the bridegroom objected not to his son's choice, but to the time he chose to
440:
John returned with his wife to Oxford, and continued to hold his fellowship for what is called the year of grace given after marriage, and added to his income by acting as a private tutor. After a time, Mr
Surtees was reconciled with his daughter, and made a liberal settlement of £3000.
621:, the chief advocate of Roman Catholic emancipation, that Lord Eldon, in the seventy-sixth year of his age, finally resigned the chancellorship in protest, being deeply opposed to the new prime minister's more liberal principles. When, after the two short administrations of Canning and
417:, that it was ultimately resolved that he should continue with his studies. Accordingly, in 1766, John Scott entered University College with the view of taking holy orders and obtaining a college living. In the year following he obtained a fellowship, graduated with a
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Although labelled a Tory by the opposition and by subsequent historians, Eldon placed himself long-term in the Whig tradition, defending "a doctrine essentially similar to that which ministerial Whigs had held since the days of
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whom it can be said that he never originated one measure that the next generation judged beneficial to his country, and never allowed one such measure to be discussed without his strenuous and generally fatal opposition."
474:, which became a leading case settling a rule of law; and the young Scott, having lost his point in the inferior court, insisted on arguing it, on appeal, against the opinion of his clients, and carried it before
526:, who then labored under a mental malady) and the delegation of his authority. It is said that he drafted the Regency Bill, which was introduced in 1789. In 1793, Sir John Scott was promoted to the office of
433:, known as "Bessie", was the eldest daughter of Aubone Surtees, a Newcastle banker. The Surtees family objected to the match, and attempted to prevent it; but a strong attachment had sprung up between them.
609:"Nothing would inflict on me greater pain in quitting this place, than the recollection that I had done anything to justify the reproach that the equity of this court varies like the Chancellor's foot."
652:, whose advocate he had formerly been, and partly through his reputation for zeal against the Roman Catholics. In the same year his brother William, who from 1798 had filled the office of judge of the
588:. The death of Fox, who became foreign secretary and leader of the House of Commons, soon, however, broke up the Grenville administration; and in the spring of 1807 Lord Eldon once more, under the
534:. These prosecutions, in most cases, were no doubt instigated by Sir John Scott, and were the most important proceedings in which he was ever professionally engaged. He has left on record, in his
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at Oxford, and enjoyed an extensive acquaintance with men of eminence in London, was in a position materially to advance his interests. Among his friends was the notorious Andrew Bowes of
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1334:
865:, he was stoned at Wareham by a mob of a hundred men. Although there were no injuries, it was stated that he might have died had not an umbrella deflected one of the stones from his head.
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John Scott's year of grace closed without any college living falling vacant; and with his fellowship he gave up the church and turned to the study of law. He became a student at the
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530:, in which it fell to him to conduct the memorable prosecutions for high treason against British sympathizers with French republicanism, among others, against the celebrated
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equally noted: "there is no absurdity in law, no intolerance in church government; no arbitrary state measure, of which he is not the surly, furious, and bigoted advocate."
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2272:
845:". As an Ultra-Tory, protesting against Catholic Emancipation, he sat with the Whigs during the 1830 parliamentary session and in 1825, following the defeat of the Tory
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589:
791:, challenged Eldon's sincerity: "Next came Fraud and he had on, Like Eldon, an ermined gown – His big tears, for he wept well – Turned to millstones as they fell".
556:
John Scott (1751–1838), afterwards 1st Earl of Eldon, Younger
Brother of Lord Stowell, Fellow (1767), Lord High Chancellor of England (1801–1806) by William C?Owen
622:
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to construct a cabinet, Lord Eldon expected to be included, if not as chancellor, at least in some important office, but he was chagrined at being overlooked at
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detailed in precise figures how Eldon's "almost incredible wealth" was due to state "emoluments of which he and his family monopolize to an inordinate degree."
552:
576:, and the chief justice now ascended the woolsack. The chancellorship was given to him professedly on account of his notorious anti-Catholic zeal. From the
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on 13 January 1838. Eldon left an estate of £2,300,000 – at a time when even estates of a million pounds were exceedingly rare. John Wade, compiler of
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2015:
1965:
1807:
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522:, and was knighted, and at the close of this year he attracted attention by his speeches in support of Pitt's resolutions on the state of the king (
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India Bill. They were unsuccessful. In one he aimed at being brilliant; and becoming merely laboured and pedantic, he was covered with ridicule by
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falling vacant, Sir John Scott's claim to it was not overlooked; and after seventeen years' service in the Lower House, he entered the
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administration, returned to the woolsack, which, from that time, he continued to occupy for about twenty years, swaying the cabinet.
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861:". In 1831, while returning to Purbeck in an open carriage from the declaration at the Dorset county election in the company of
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in 1770, and in 1771 won the prize for the
English essay, the only university prize open in his time for general competition.
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as well as his belief in an unchanging
Britain anchored in the values of 1688, he epitomised the reactionary values of what
691:, whom he called Bessie, died before him, on 28 June 1831. They had had two sons and two daughters that survived childhood:
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of attempting to establish "representative government, the direct opposite of the government which is established here" .
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506:, which Lord Thurlow obtained for him without solicitation. In Parliament he gave a general and independent support to
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Lord Eldon himself survived almost all his immediate relations. His brother
William died in 1836. He himself died in
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his early modesty that he declined accepting the king's counselship if precedence over him were given to his junior,
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the soldiers' orphans, after the fathers and husbands have fallen in the field of battle, the survivors think not".
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In his second year at the bar his prospects began to brighten. His brother William, who by this time was the
810:, hence a cartoon of 1817 depicting him as leading a flight of lawyer-locusts descending on the law courts.
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English Society, 1688–1832: Ideology, Social Structure and Political Practice during the Ancien Regime
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518:, from whom he received a lesson which he did not fail to turn to account. In 1788, he was appointed
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Volume 2 – 1846 London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. Modern reprint by Kessinger Publishing
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father died, leaving him a legacy of £1000 over and above the £2000 previously settled on him.
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He himself was, however, criticised with equal force for not reforming the notoriously slow
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716:) on 6 April 1820. They had two sons, John Scott and Rev. Eldon Surtees. Their grandson was
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worn out with the anxieties of office, and his ministry was succeeded by a coalition, under
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Lady Elizabeth Repton John (1783 – 16 April 1862) married George Stanley Repton, son of
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John (8 March 1774 – 24 December 1805) married Henrietta Elizabeth Ridley, daughter of
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376:(4 June 1751 – 13 January 1838) was a British barrister and politician. He served as
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It was not until April 1827, when the premiership, vacant through the paralysis of
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580:(1802) until 1804, Lord Eldon appears to have interfered little in politics.
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1498:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 166–168.
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173:
1542:
The Lives of Twelve Eminent Judges of the Last and of the Present Century
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During this time Lord Eldon was revered for his work in consolidating
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Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
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290:
1447: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
712:
Frances Jane (d. 6 August 1838) married Rev. Edward Bankes (son of
572:. In February 1801, the ministry of Pitt was succeeded by that of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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551:
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People educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
1789:
1467:. Vol. 51. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 49–56.
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in the House of Lords by a majority of 48, drank "the 48, the
478:, whose favorable consideration he won by his able argument.
1530:
Anthony L.J. Lincoln & Robert Lindley McEwen (editors):
1390:
Dorset County Chronicle, Thursday 26 May 1831, p.4 column 1.
734:
Eldon's title subsequently passed to his eldest grandson,
1123:
Multum In Parvo, Liverpool Mercury, 16 February 1838, p3.
510:. His first parliamentary speeches were directed against
752:
Lord Eldon and his wife are buried in the churchyard in
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between 1801 and 1806 and again between 1807 and 1827.
1518:
John Scott, Lord Eldon, 1751–1838 The Duty of Loyalty
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2004:
1987:
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1831:
1304:"The campaign for Catholic Emancipation, 1823–1829"
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1248:Lord Eldon, Carlisle Journal, 3 February 1838, p4.
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868:Nevertheless, in his unstinting opposition to the
799:Eldon notoriously accused the political reformer
2547:Peers of the United Kingdom created by George IV
1569:contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Eldon
699:. He had one son, John, later heir to the title.
2323:Secretaries of State for Constitutional Affairs
1520:– 1999 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press –
1513:– 3 volumes 1844 London: John Murray Publishers
1164:The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy
656:, was raised to the peerage under the title of
990:Several ships were named in his honour, e.g.,
538:, a defence of his conduct in regard to them.
1801:
16:British barrister and politician, (1751–1838)
8:
2502:Peers of Great Britain created by George III
1148:The Black Book, or Corruption Unmasked, 1820
599:into a working body of legal principles. In
560:In 1799, the office of chief justice of the
413:), who had already obtained a fellowship at
2007:Heads of the Judiciary in England and Wales
1851:Heads of the Judiciary in England and Wales
2507:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
2001:
1845:
1808:
1794:
1786:
1573:
857:, and the glorious and immortal memory of
58:
27:
2433:List of lord chancellors and lord keepers
1427:British History in the Nineteenth Century
1310:. University College Cork. Archived from
1302:Doherty, Gillian M.; O'Riordan, Tomás A.
1224:British History in the Nineteenth Century
2487:Solicitors general for England and Wales
407:Newcastle upon Tyne Royal Grammar School
91:14 April 1801 – 7 February 1806
2492:Attorneys general for England and Wales
1020:
702:William Henry John (d. 1832) unmarried.
328: 1772; died 1831)
19:For other people named John Scott, see
1824:Lord High Chancellors of Great Britain
1534:– 1960 London: Stevens & Sons Ltd.
1260:The Black Book, or Corruption Unmasked
729:The Black Book, or Corruption Unmasked
1706:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
1679:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
876:called "the stupid old Tory party" .
697:Sir Matthew White Ridley, 2nd Baronet
636:In 1821, Lord Eldon had been created
378:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
159:1 April 1807 – 12 April 1827
79:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
7:
2472:Alumni of University College, Oxford
2462:Politicians from Newcastle upon Tyne
1040:
494:In 1782, he entered Parliament for
464:Camden professor of ancient history
2482:Chief justices of the Common Pleas
1308:Multitext Project in Irish History
1166:(Cambridge 1922) p. 394 and p. 446
14:
2497:Lord chancellors of Great Britain
1592:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
1367:A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?
1134:Bath Chronicle And Weekly Gazette
1103:A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?
1090:A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People?
2343:Secretaries of State for Justice
1989:
1978:
1833:
1817:
1472:
1464:Dictionary of National Biography
1442:
1092:(Oxford 2008) p. 309 and p. 372
325:
2005:Speakers of the House of Lords
1849:Speakers of the House of Lords
1453:Rigg, James McMullen (1897). "
1291:. Cambridge: CUP. p. 408.
687:Lord Eldon's wife, the former
1:
1724:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1511:Life of Lord Chancellor Eldon
425:Elopement with Bessie Surtees
354:John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon
2537:Fellows of the Royal Society
2477:18th-century English lawyers
1370:. Oxford: OUP. p. 196.
986:Vessels named for Lord Eldon
1209:Quoted in G. M. Trevelyan,
980:s suit for copyright (1822)
543:Fellow of the Royal Society
21:John Scott (disambiguation)
2563:
1532:Lord Eldon's Anecdote Book
1345:. London: John Murray: 113
947:(1806) 2 Bos & PNR 269
415:University College, Oxford
342:University College, Oxford
18:
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795:Political and legal views
541:In 1793 he was elected a
347:
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152:
84:
73:
57:
1755:Peerage of Great Britain
1538:William Charles Townsend
1136:, 20 September 1838, p3.
955:(1812) 1 Ves & B 154
120:William Pitt the Younger
1637:Sir Archibald Macdonald
1552:. See pages 366 to 520.
1495:Encyclopædia Britannica
1455:Scott, John (1751-1838)
1132:Will Of Peter Holford,
1079:(1818) 2 Swans 402, 414
654:High Court of Admiralty
2542:Scott family (England)
2009:Members of the Cabinet
1853:Members of the Cabinet
1333:Twiss, Horace (1844).
772:
684:
611:
557:
405:Eldon was educated at
2532:British MPs 1796–1800
2527:British MPs 1790–1796
2522:British MPs 1784–1790
2517:British MPs 1780–1784
1956:William Henry Ashurst
1672:The Lord Loughborough
1364:Hilton, Boyd (2008).
1287:Clark, J C D (1985).
1237:Hogarth to Cruikshank
1226::(London 1922) p. 199
1200:(London 2007) p. 56-7
1181:The Liberal Awakening
891:Circumlocution Office
776:War, peace and sorrow
767:
718:Sir John Eldon Bankes
671:
607:
562:Court of Common Pleas
555:
217:The Earl of Liverpool
189:George, Prince Regent
135:The Lord Loughborough
1617:Chancellor of Durham
1429:(London 1922) p. 215
1416:(London 1926) p. 475
1403:(London 2013) p. 146
1339:The Quarterly Review
1335:"Life of Lord Eldon"
1277:(London 2013) p. 128
1239:(London 1967) p. 195
1213:(London 1926) p. 564
1105:(Oxford 2008) p. 379
936:Higginbotham v Holme
920:(1801) 6 Ves Jun 173
548:Lord High Chancellor
490:Member of Parliament
207:The Duke of Portland
33:The Right Honourable
1960:Sir Beaumont Hotham
1314:on 12 December 2015
1235:M. Dorothy George,
1183:(London 1961)p. 173
1114:1861 England Census
847:Sir Francis Burdett
395:Newcastle upon Tyne
270:Newcastle upon Tyne
1716:The Lord Lyndhurst
1664:Political offices
1414:History of England
1211:History of England
963:(1818) 2 Swans 402
910:Ackroyd v Smithson
787:, however, in his
773:
685:
627:Duke of Wellington
590:Duke of Portland's
558:
472:Ackroyd v Smithson
458:At the English bar
393:Eldon was born in
242:The Lord Lyndhurst
2439:
2438:
2426:
2425:
1974:
1973:
1784:
1783:
1775:Succeeded by
1744:Succeeded by
1713:Succeeded by
1686:Succeeded by
1644:Solicitor General
1624:Succeeded by
1602:Sir Richard Arden
1599:Succeeded by
1516:Rose A. Melikan:
1490:Eldon, John Scott
1425:G. M. Trevelyan,
1412:G. M. Trevelyan,
1401:Perilous Question
1275:perilous Question
1222:G. M. Trevelyan,
1054:"Fellows details"
971:(1821) 3 Swan 400
944:Lucena v Craufurd
896:Charles Wetherell
851:Emancipation Bill
808:Court of Chancery
789:Masque of Anarchy
768:Bust of Eldon at
689:Elizabeth Surtees
625:, it fell to the
520:Solicitor General
498:close borough of
351:
350:
314:Elizabeth Surtees
37:The Earl of Eldon
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1982:
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1699:The Lord Erskine
1696:Preceded by
1689:The Lord Erskine
1669:Preceded by
1655:Attorney General
1634:Preceded by
1627:Sir John Mitford
1609:Preceded by
1582:Preceded by
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1162:A. W. Ward ed.,
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976:William Lawrence
928:(1803) 8 Ves 337
917:Evans v Bicknell
870:Great Reform Act
824:Party allegiance
754:Kingston, Dorset
745:on his house in
638:Viscount Encombe
578:Treaty of Amiens
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419:Bachelor of Arts
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1577:Legal offices
1572:
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1558:
1557:External links
1555:
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1509:Horace Twiss:
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536:Anecdote Book
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2346:2007–present
2081:
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2020:
2016:Loughborough
1966:Loughborough
1949:
1939:
1924:
1904:
1884:
1880:Macclesfield
1864:
1766:
1762:New creation
1761:
1735:
1731:New creation
1730:
1704:
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1436:
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1408:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1366:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1338:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:the original
1307:
1297:
1288:
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1259:
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1197:
1194:Douglas Hurd
1188:
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1163:
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1147:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1074:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1048:
1007:
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989:
974:
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950:
942:
934:
923:
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908:
867:
827:
816:
812:
805:
801:Thomas Hardy
798:
788:
783:
779:
751:
740:
733:
728:
722:
714:Henry Bankes
686:
658:Lord Stowell
657:
641:
637:
635:
612:
608:
600:
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582:
569:
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540:
535:
493:
480:
476:Lord Thurlow
471:
461:
443:
439:
435:
428:
411:Lord Stowell
404:
392:
353:
352:
237:Succeeded by
154:
142:Succeeded by
86:
64:Portrait by
25:
2457:1838 deaths
2452:1751 births
2293:Q. Hailsham
2288:Elwyn-Jones
2283:Q. Hailsham
2238:D. Hailsham
2228:D. Hailsham
2103:St Leonards
1910:Northington
1768:Baron Eldon
1567:1803–2005:
1459:Lee, Sidney
1437:Attribution
1399:A. Fraser,
1273:A. Fraser,
1262:, 1820, p37
1258:John Wade,
1198:Robert Peel
1177:Élie Halévy
859:William III
743:blue plaque
741:There is a
673:Blue plaque
631:Robert Peel
570:Baron Eldon
532:Horne Tooke
260:4 June 1751
227:Preceded by
192:(1811–1820)
130:Preceded by
2446:Categories
2208:Birkenhead
2198:Buckmaster
2133:Chelmsford
2113:Chelmsford
1952:James Eyre
1778:John Scott
1772:1799–1838
1747:John Scott
1741:1821–1838
1710:1807–1827
1683:1801–1806
1659:1793–1799
1648:1788–1793
1621:1787–1788
1596:1799–1801
1349:6 November
1318:6 November
1192:Quoted in
1175:Quoted in
1146:John Wade,
1015:References
1008:Lord Eldon
1002:, and the
999:Lord Eldon
931:17 Ves 320
874:Palmerston
749:, London.
617:, fell to
605:he wrote,
524:George III
429:His wife,
389:Background
384:Early life
337:Alma mater
284:1838-01-14
264:1751-06-04
170:George III
100:George III
2383:Lidington
2326:2003–2007
2248:Caldecote
2178:Herschell
2168:Herschell
2143:Hatherley
2128:Cranworth
2108:Cranworth
2077:Cottenham
2072:Lyndhurst
2067:Cottenham
2061:Bosanquet
2046:Lyndhurst
2036:Lyndhurst
1900:Hardwicke
1041:Rigg 1897
939:19 Ves 88
855:year 1688
818:John Wade
646:George IV
574:Addington
431:Elizabeth
401:Education
293:, England
272:, England
174:George IV
155:In office
87:In office
2393:Buckland
2368:Grayling
2353:Falconer
2333:Falconer
2313:Falconer
2278:Gardiner
2273:Dilhorne
2188:Loreburn
2183:Halsbury
2173:Halsbury
2163:Halsbury
2158:Selborne
2148:Selborne
2123:Westbury
2118:Campbell
2088:Shadwell
2084:Langdale
2057:Shadwell
2041:Brougham
1930:Bathurst
1870:Harcourt
1060:30 April
880:See also
623:Goderich
516:Sheridan
164:Monarchs
68:, c.1826
2418:Mahmood
2268:Kilmuir
2263:Simonds
2243:Maugham
2218:Haldane
2193:Haldane
2026:Erskine
1945:Thurlow
1935:Thurlow
1611:Unknown
1564:Hansard
1483::
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1451::
785:Shelley
619:Canning
500:Weobley
468:Gibside
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1875:Cowper
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839:Gibson
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760:Legacy
725:London
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291:London
184:Regent
2413:Chalk
2403:Lewis
2388:Gauke
2378:Truss
2358:Straw
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1546:ISBN
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1062:2016
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277:Died
257:Born
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