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904:"Then they came to me and they said, 'Do you want the town of Cleves taken out?' By 'taken out' they meant the whole of the heavy bombers putting on to Cleves. Now, I knew that Cleves was a very fine old historical German town. Anne of Cleves, one of Henry VIII's wives, came from there. I knew that there were a lot of civilians in Cleves, men, women and children. If I said no, they would live. If I said yes, they would die. A terrible decision you’ve got to take. But... everything depended on getting a high piece of ground at
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As a result of the bombing, relatively little of the pre-1945 city remains. Those structures spared include a number of historic villas built during the heyday of the spa Bad Kleve, located along the B9 near the
Tiergarten. Of those buildings destroyed, many were reconstructed, including most of the
1180:
In the city, in 2013, the population was distributed with 19.7% under the age of 21, 25.6% from 21 to 40, 29.7% from 41 to 60, 20.1% from 61 to 80, and 4.9% who were 81 years of age or older. For every 100 females, there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 21 and over, there were 93.9 males.
1176:
According to the
Statistical Yearbook of Cleves as of 2013, 50,650 people resided in the city. The population density was 517.9 people per square kilometer. 86.7% of the residents had the German citizenship (including residents with dual citizenship) and 10.1% another EU citizenship (5.6% Dutch and
793:
administrative control over the city. He approved a renovation of
Schwanenburg Castle in the baroque style and commissioned the construction of extensive gardens that greatly influenced European landscape design. Significant amounts of his original plan for Kleve were put into effect and have been
1251:
1885:
954:), and included the XOX Bisquitfabrik (XOX Biscuit Factory) GmbH and the Van den Berg'schen Margerinewerke (Van den Berg’s Margarine Factory). Another important employer was the Elefanten-Kinderschuhfabrik (Elephant Children's Shoe Factory).
946:
near Kleve. The current aerial mast was brought into service in 1993. The steel tube mast rises 126.4 metres high and has a diameter of 1.6 metres. It is stabilized by guy wires attached at 57 and 101.6 metres height.
1892:
867:
bombers used radio beams from Kleve and a second station at
Stolberg to navigate to British targets. The Knickebein system was eventually jammed by the British. It was replaced by the higher frequency
2065:
1204:. 61.1% of the residents are Roman Catholics, 14.4% Protestant, and 24.6% "Other". The largest section of this group are residents without any religious affiliation, but there are also sizeable
459:
1184:
81.3% of the citizens lived in households without children under the age of 18, 9.2% with one child, 6.1% with two children, 1.7% with three children, and 0.1% with four children or more.
1511:(1803–1862) settled in Kleve and became a successful landscape painter. His works are collected by and exhibited in the local museum Haus Koekkoek for his and others' romantic paintings.
1319:
after the Second World War, in spite of resettled displaced people from eastern
Germany, most of them Protestants. Until 2004 the CDU controlled an absolute majority of the city council.
1233:(Synagogue square) on which the building's outline can be seen. The fifty killed Jewish citizens of Cleves are remembered with signs that tell their names, and dates and places of death.
886:, and over 90% of buildings in the city were severely damaged. Most of the destruction was the result of a raid late in the war in 1945, conducted at the request of Lieutenant-General
667:, stands on a steep hill. It is located at the northern terminus of the Kermisdahl where it joins with the Spoykanal, which was previously an important transportation link to the
844:
in the 19th century. At this time, Kleve was named "Bad Cleve" (English: Spa of Cleves). It was not until 1935 when the German spelling of its name was officially changed from
2058:
912:
and get there. And your own lives, your own troops, must come first, so I said yes, I did want it taken out. But when all those bombers went over, the night just before
1275:
920:
Horrocks later said that this had been "the most terrible decision I had ever taken in my life" and that he felt "physically sick" when he saw the bombers overhead.
1520:
1290:
2051:
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and Green Party candidates. Northing was the first mayor of Cleves since World War I who was not a CDU member. In 2020 Wolfgang Gebing (CDU) was elected mayor.
185:
1764:
692:
Medieval Kleve grew together from four parts – the
Schwanenburg Castle, the village below the castle, the first city of Kleve on Heideberg Hill, and the
1768:
571:
2194:
961:
in 2002. Dutch citizens often crossed the open border to patronize Kleves retailers, and much of the euros spent on shopping in Kleve came from the
1765:"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011"
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Since the last local elections on 25 May 2020 the following parties are represented in Cleves' city council. In addition to nationwide parties,
1592:
65:
1465:
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1316:
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Because of its geographical location at the Dutch-German border, there is a strong overlap in culture and language. One example of this is
629:'cliff, bluff', referring to the promontory on which the Schwanenburg castle was constructed. Since the city's coat of arms displays three
220:
1201:
1917:
1792:
1970:
1706:
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In 2015, Sonja
Northing (no party affiliation) became mayor of Kleve, with 64.5% of the vote. Her candidacy was supported by the
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1461:
1399:
874:
759:
153:
1957:
1696:
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Settlement of
Dortmund between Brandenburg and Palatinate-Neuburg and the conflict of succession in Jülich, in full text
393:
2033:
1413:
1869:
750:
950:
After the Second World War important employers in the area were associated with the West German "Economic
Miracle" (
1803:
Encarta-encyclopedie
Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Kleef . §1. Geschiedenis". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
1607:
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916:, to take out Cleves, I felt a murderer. And after the war I had an awful lot of nightmares, but always Cleves."
1625:
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The ducal dynasty became extinct in the male line in 1609, leading to a succession crisis in the duchies: the
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965:. Lower costs of real estate have attracted a wave of Dutch citizens, who purchased houses in the area.
822:
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In addition to the inner city, the territory of Kleve comprises fourteen villages and populated places:
372:
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286:
1751:
935:. Constructed on high ground, many of these landmarks can be seen from the surrounding communities.
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In 1767 the town was at the center of a controversy between prominent European rabbis, known as "
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Retail became an increasingly important industry, particularly after the institution of the
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908:. The German reserves would have to come through Cleves, and we would have to breach the
840:
The mineral waters of Kleve and the wooded parkland surrounding it made it a fashionable
766:
ended in 1648, the succession dispute was resolved with Cleves passing to the elector of
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747:. Several local businesses are named after her, including the Anne von Kleve Galerie.
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in 1368, was made a duchy itself in 1417, then united with the neighboring duchies of
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696:("New City"), dating from the 14th century. In 1242 Kleve received city rights. The
1674:
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1504:
883:
856:
619:
2034:
Edicts of Jülich, Cleves, Berg, Grand Duchy Berg, 1475-1815 (Coll. Scotti) online
2156:
2086:
1712:
1535:
1526:
1240:", over the legality of a divorce granted by a groom whose sanity was in doubt.
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871:
system, which used transmitter stations located on the channel coast of France.
595:
551:
535:
638:
389:
368:
1311:
Prior to the Nazi Era, Kleve's local politics were dominated by the Catholic
794:
maintained to the present, a particularly well-loved example of which is the
235:
222:
864:
727:
558:. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a
19:
This article is about the North Rhine-Westphalia town. For other uses, see
2146:
2121:
1315:. This situation continued with the Christian Democratic successor party
859:
Kleve was the site of one of the two radio wave stations that served the
841:
705:
785:
During the Thirty Years' War the city had been under the control of the
2141:
2096:
1561:
1540:
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587:
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255:
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The native language of Kleve and much of the Lower Rhine region is a
894:. Horrocks recounted his decision in the 1973 television documentary
630:
583:
2161:
2151:
2106:
2018:
1604:(1448–1506), medieval musician, music theorist, poet, and composer
1566:
1209:
873:
831:
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726:
668:
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304:
675:
180 feet (55 m) high, that is associated in legend with the
2101:
987:
958:
878:
British infantry advance through bombed-out Kleve, February 1945
813:
troops on 19 October 1794. In 1795 it was incorporated into the
56:
2047:
1503:(1615–1660), who though born in Kleve established himself as a
1457:
481:
1870:
The Bomber Command War Diaries: An Operational Reference Book
2170:
982:
111:
1643:(1755–1794), nobleman, politician and French revolutionary
2003:
436:
938:
Since 1953 there has been a broadcasting facility for
496:
487:
475:
1677:(1915–1945), Roman Catholic martyr and beatified by
798:(Forest Garden). In 1701, Cleves became part of the
700:, which roughly covered today's districts of Kleve,
484:
478:
821:in 1797, which in turn was formally annexed by the
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1754:, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 21 June 2021.
1496:, which is dominant among the younger generation.
1448:The next local elections are scheduled for 2026.
570:. The city is home to one of the campuses of the
1699:(born 1952), politician (SPD), Federal Minister
1693:(1945–2003), politician (FDP), Federal Minister
1521:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany
115:
2059:
1960:, Rheinische Post Kleve, September, 14th 2015
829:in 1804. Prussia retrieved the city in 1815.
8:
1507:artist. On the other hand, the Dutch artist
1324:
1227:
1217:
1215:The synagogue of Kleve was destroyed during
973:
26:"Cleves" redirects here. For the duchy, see
1637:(1615–1660), Dutch painter, worked in Kleve
2066:
2052:
2044:
2008:
1880:
1878:
1332:
972:
671:. The old castle has a massive tower, the
644:), the city's name is sometimes linked by
598:, Keeken, Kellen, Materborn, Reichswalde,
108:Location of Kleve within Kleve district
39:
1842:Note, Kleve was bombed by a force of 295
1769:Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW
1752:Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020
942:and television from regional broadcaster
572:Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences
16:Place in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
1787:L. Grootaers & G. G. Kloeke, eds.,
1747:
1745:
1741:
1705:(born 1953), swimmer, president of the
1247:
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399:
361:
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332:
319:
296:
250:
215:
145:
104:
76:
62:
37:Town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
1789:Taalatlas van Noord- en Zuid-Nederland
562:. Today, Cleves is the capital of the
1671:(1921–1986), artist, grew up in Kleve
1330:(Open Cleves) has a number of seats.
648:to the clover, but the corresponding
451:
421:
411:
378:
353:
345:
329:97.79 km (37.76 sq mi)
324:
301:
284:
272:
260:
7:
1918:"Sehenswürdigkeiten: Synagogenplatz"
882:Kleve was heavily bombed during the
724:, heiress of Jülich-Berg-Ravenburg.
1867:Chris Everitt, Martin Middlebrook,
1707:German Olympic Sports Confederation
1593:Marie of Cleves, Duchess of Orléans
1977:(in German). Kleve. Archived from
207:Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia
14:
1958:Erdrutsch-Sieg für Sonja Northing
1225:and is today commemorated on the
743:and (briefly) the fourth wife of
663:, which was the residence of the
1829:, Episode Nineteen: "Pincers" -
1649:(c. 1763–1804), actor and singer
1573:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1492:), but the official language is
1289:
1274:
1262:
1250:
836:City and port of Kleve (c. 1895)
471:
191:
184:
159:
152:
91:
81:
64:
2195:Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
791:Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen
735:Kleve's most famous native was
708:, was united with the Duchy of
2210:Holocaust locations in Germany
2175:Coat of Arms of Kleve district
1556:, Massachusetts, United States
1200:city. The city is part of the
754:Mid 17th century Forest Garden
1:
1920:. Stadt Kleve. Archived from
1891:. Stadt Kleve. Archived from
1886:"Statistisches Jahrbuch 2013"
1791:(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1939):
578:Territory of the municipality
192:
160:
2074:Towns and municipalities in
1944:"Kommunalwahlen 2020 in NRW"
1619:(1515–1557), fourth wife of
1595:(1426–1487), mother of king
863:aircraft navigation system.
760:War of the Jülich Succession
1715:(born 1953), football coach
1659:during the Napoleonic years
1655:(1767–1815), Grand Duke of
1196:, Kleve is a predominantly
817:, which became part of the
606:, Warbeyen and Wardhausen.
2226:
1630:Duchess Consort of Prussia
1518:
1515:Twin towns – sister cities
807:War of the First Coalition
789:, which in 1647 had given
776:Margraviate of Brandenburg
731:Cleves in the 17th century
25:
18:
2168:
2082:
1665:(1797–1884), cartographer
1582:, England, United Kingdom
1439:
1000:—
809:, Cleves was captured by
739:(1515–1557), daughter of
465:
358:550/km (1,400/sq mi)
216:
146:
105:
77:
63:
54:
1626:Marie Eleonore of Cleves
1608:Duke Englebert of Cleves
1569:, East Flanders, Belgium
1543:, Friesland, Netherlands
1509:Barend Cornelis Koekkoek
1283:Barend Cornelis Koekkoek
741:John III, Duke of Cleves
718:John III, Duke of Cleves
1971:"Städtepartnerschaften"
1687:(born 1945), footballer
762:(1609–1614). After the
716:and Berg in 1521, when
566:in the German state of
464:; traditional English:
2176:
1610:(1462–1506), Count of
1325:
1228:
1218:
1212:communities in Kleve.
918:
879:
837:
825:in 1802, becoming the
755:
732:
618:probably derives from
568:North Rhine-Westphalia
531:
523:
515:
507:
337:12 m (39 ft)
268:North Rhine-Westphalia
139:
32:Cleve (disambiguation)
30:. For other uses, see
21:Kleve (disambiguation)
2174:
1898:on September 30, 2020
1621:Henry VIII of England
1350:(Christian Democrats)
1192:Like the rest of the
974:Historical population
924:Schwanenburg and the
902:
877:
835:
823:French First Republic
753:
745:Henry VIII of England
730:
554:border and the River
381: • Summer (
138:
1815:. "Most Secret War".
1494:Standard High German
1472:Language and dialect
1441:Participation: 42.3%
1296:Museum Haus Koekkoek
811:French Revolutionary
424:Vehicle registration
355: • Density
236:51.79000°N 6.14000°E
2019:Tourist Information
1657:Grand Duchy of Berg
1597:Louis XII of France
1257:Schwanenburg Castle
975:
892:Operation Veritable
890:in preparation for
827:French First Empire
819:Cisrhenian Republic
780:Brandenburg-Prussia
770:, thus becoming an
661:Schwanenburg Castle
542:) is a town in the
232: /
175:Show map of Germany
71:Schwanenburg Castle
2177:
2024:2020-11-02 at the
1924:on August 23, 2019
1681:, grew up in Kleve
1602:Johannes von Soest
1377:(Social Democrats)
1202:Diocese of Münster
1194:Lower Rhine region
880:
838:
800:Kingdom of Prussia
756:
733:
679:, immortalized in
677:Knight of the Swan
544:Lower Rhine region
347: • Total
326: • Total
140:
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2181:
1831:Thames Television
1731:Kleve transmitter
1697:Barbara Hendricks
1679:Pope John Paul II
1663:Heinrich Berghaus
1641:Anacharsis Cloots
1480:dialect known as
1464:, and opposed by
1446:
1445:
1238:The Kleve Divorce
1169:
1168:
952:Wirtschaftswunder
764:Thirty Years' War
564:district of Kleve
453:[ˈkleːvə]
442:
441:
312:Wolfgang Gebing (
241:51.79000; 6.14000
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2205:Kleve (district)
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1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1229:Synagogenplatz
1198:Roman Catholic
1189:
1186:
1177:2.9% Polish).
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
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1155:
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910:Siegfried Line
888:Brian Horrocks
787:Dutch Republic
737:Anne of Cleves
681:Richard Wagner
646:folk etymology
611:
608:
604:Schenkenschanz
594:, Düffelward,
579:
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440:
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414:Dialling codes
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110:
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96:
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55:
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15:
13:
10:
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2:
2222:
2211:
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2198:
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2110:
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2077:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
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2049:
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2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2023:
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2017:
2011:
2005:
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1995:
1981:on 2019-05-27
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
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1953:
1950:
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1939:
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1923:
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1913:
1910:
1894:
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1836:
1832:
1828:
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1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1770:
1767:(in German).
1766:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Get of Cleves
1724:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:Willi Lippens
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:Joachim Murat
1651:
1648:
1647:Heinrich Vohs
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:(1550–1608),
1627:
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1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:Govert Flinck
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:Kleverlandish
1479:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
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1442:
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1434:
1431:
1429:
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1418:
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1407:
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1338:
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1326:Offene Klever
1320:
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1314:
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1301:
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1272:
1269:Forest Garden
1265:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:
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1234:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1220:Kristallnacht
1213:
1211:
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1203:
1199:
1195:
1187:
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1164:
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933:parish church
931:
927:
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828:
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678:
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643:
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636:
632:
631:clover leaves
628:
624:
621:
617:
609:
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597:
593:
589:
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575:
573:
569:
565:
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537:
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454:
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417:
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395:
391:
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374:
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357:
349:
336:
328:
315:
311:
306:
303: •
293:
290:
288:
281:
278:
276:
275:Admin. region
269:
266:
264:
257:
254:
245:
217:Coordinates:
187:
155:
94:
84:
72:
67:
58:
53:
41:
33:
29:
22:
2126:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:the original
1974:
1965:
1952:
1938:
1928:December 22,
1926:. Retrieved
1922:the original
1912:
1902:December 22,
1900:. Retrieved
1893:the original
1868:
1863:
1838:
1824:
1820:
1808:
1799:
1788:
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1759:
1709:in 2002–2006
1675:Karl Leisner
1669:Joseph Beuys
1524:
1498:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1455:
1447:
1440:
1323:
1321:
1313:Centre Party
1310:
1307:City Council
1235:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1175:
969:Demographics
956:
951:
949:
937:
926:Stiftskirche
925:
922:
919:
903:
895:
881:
857:World War II
854:
849:
845:
839:
804:
795:
784:
757:
734:
693:
691:
684:
673:Schwanenturm
672:
658:
653:
641:
634:
626:
622:
620:Middle Dutch
615:
613:
602:, Salmorth,
581:
539:
466:
444:
443:
437:www.kleve.de
402:Postal codes
280:Düsseldorf
97:Coat of arms
2157:Wachtendonk
2087:Bedburg-Hau
2029:(in German)
2014:(in German)
1813:R. V. Jones
1713:Tina Theune
1486:Kleverlands
1428:Independent
1416:(Far-Right)
1388:Open Cleves
1362:Green Party
1172:Census data
963:Netherlands
805:During the
796:Forstgarten
768:Brandenburg
596:Griethausen
592:Donsbrüggen
536:Low Rhenish
239: /
2189:Categories
2132:Kranenburg
1985:2021-02-16
1848:Mosquitoes
1844:Lancasters
1774:2024-06-20
1737:References
1519:See also:
1488:, German:
1402:(Liberals)
1302:Government
861:Knickebein
720:, married
639:Low German
342:Population
298:Government
227:06°08′24″E
224:51°47′24″N
1580:Worcester
1554:Fitchburg
1525:Kleve is
914:zero hour
906:Materborn
865:Luftwaffe
686:Lohengrin
614:The name
550:near the
390:UTC+02:00
369:UTC+01:00
364:Time zone
334:Elevation
2147:Straelen
2122:Kevelaer
2092:Emmerich
2022:Archived
1975:kleve.de
1720:See also
1484:(Dutch:
1188:Religion
940:FM radio
930:Catholic
778:, later
706:Duisburg
694:Neustadt
652:word is
633:(German
524:Cléveris
287:District
2142:Rheurdt
2097:Geldern
1858:Groups.
1846:and 10
1541:Ameland
1527:twinned
1244:Gallery
1110:+116.2%
869:X-Gerät
855:During
774:of the
772:exclave
610:History
600:Rindern
588:Brienen
548:Germany
520:Spanish
449:German:
433:Website
418:0 28 21
292:Kleve
256:Germany
252:Country
2117:Kerken
2112:Kalkar
1612:Nevers
1529:with:
1342:Seats
1210:Muslim
1162:50,650
1151:49,794
1140:48,926
1129:47,191
1118:45,899
1107:45,675
1099:−26.5%
1096:21,129
1088:+31.9%
1085:28,740
1074:21,784
1066:+10.8%
1063:21,561
1052:19,453
1044:+32.1%
1041:18,135
1033:+49.0%
1030:13,724
1022:+31.7%
928:, the
714:Jülich
654:klaver
584:Bimmen
532:Clivia
516:Clèves
512:French
498:KLEEVZ
467:Cleves
350:53,458
200:Kleve
168:Kleve
45:Kleve
2200:Kleve
2162:Weeze
2152:Uedem
2127:Kleve
2107:Issum
1896:(PDF)
1889:(PDF)
1856:No. 8
1852:No. 1
1567:Ronse
1505:Dutch
1452:Mayor
1336:Party
1281:Bust
1165:+1.7%
1154:+1.8%
1143:+3.7%
1132:+2.8%
1121:+0.5%
1077:+1.0%
1055:+7.3%
1019:9,209
1011:+7.3%
1008:6,990
997:6,517
850:Kleve
846:Cleve
702:Wesel
669:Rhine
650:Dutch
642:Kliev
616:Kleff
560:duchy
556:Rhine
552:Dutch
540:Kleff
528:Latin
508:Kleef
504:Dutch
445:Kleve
407:47533
305:Mayor
263:State
49:Kleve
2137:Rees
2102:Goch
1930:2015
1904:2015
1854:and
1833:1974
1460:and
1366:22.5
1353:38.6
1208:and
1159:2013
1148:2010
1137:2000
1126:1990
1115:1980
1104:1970
1093:1960
1082:1950
1071:1939
1060:1930
1049:1920
1038:1910
1027:1898
1016:1867
1005:1832
994:1815
983:Pop.
979:Year
959:euro
722:Mary
710:Mark
704:and
659:The
635:Klee
627:clif
623:clef
394:CEST
321:Area
87:Flag
57:Town
1850:of
1466:CDU
1462:FDP
1458:SPD
1432:2.2
1419:4.4
1414:AfD
1405:6.5
1400:FDP
1391:6.9
1383:10
1375:SPD
1369:12
1356:21
1348:CDU
1317:CDU
944:WDR
848:to
842:spa
683:'s
656:.
428:KLE
383:DST
373:CET
314:CDU
2191::
1973:.
1877:^
1744:^
1435:1
1422:2
1408:4
1394:4
1380:19
988:±%
900::
852:.
802:.
782:.
689:.
637:,
625:,
590:,
586:,
574:.
538::
534:;
530::
526:;
522::
518:;
514::
510:;
506::
502:;
482:iː
2067:e
2060:t
2053:v
1988:.
1946:.
1932:.
1906:.
1794:.
1777:.
1339:%
491:/
488:z
485:v
479:l
476:k
473:/
447:(
396:)
392:(
385:)
375:)
371:(
316:)
34:.
23:.
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